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Norman G Bisset - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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war and hunting poisons of the new world part 1 notes on the early history of Curare
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1992Co-Authors: Norman G BissetAbstract:The history to about 1850 of the muscle-relaxant poison Curare is discussed, especially the developments leading to the botanical identification of the plants that yield the alkaloidal active principles: Loganiaceae (Strychnos species) and Menispermaceae (Abuta, Chondrodendron, and Curarea species). One of the earliest encounters with the poison appears to have been during the exploration of the Lake Maracaibo region in Colombia by Alonso Perez de Tolosa in 1548. It is pointed out (yet again) that Sir Walter Ralegh did not bring back the poison to Europe in 1595 and that it was Keymis who first came across the word ourari when exploring the lower reaches of the Orinoco in 1596. Gumilla, La Condamine, Ulloa, Veigl, and others gave much additional information about the poison during the 18th century. Scientific studies began in the latter part of the century when Schreber listed the botanical identities of four of the plant components entering into the Curare prepared by the Akawai Indians of Surinam. As far as is known, none of these people actually saw Curare being made. Thereafter, progress was rapid. Humboldt and Bonpland were the first trained scientists to witness the preparation of the poison, at the very beginning of the 19th century. Subsequent exploration by Martius and Spix, Poeppig, Youd, the Schomburgk brothers, De Castelnau and Deville, Spruce, and others, up to the middle of the century, extended and deepened botanical and ethnological knowledge of Curare. Study of its physiology started at about that time with the classical experiments of Rudolf von Koelliker and Claude Bernard.
David A. Groneberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Curare - A Curative Poison: A Scientometric Analysis
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Jil Carl, Mario Schwarzer, Doris Klingelhoefer, Daniela Ohlendorf, David A. GronebergAbstract:Introduction Curare is one of the best-examined neurotoxins of the world, which has empirically been used for centuries by American Indigenes. Research on Curare has been performed much later, a global scientometric analysis on Curare research or its derivates does not yet exist. This bibliometric analysis is part of the global NewQis-project and should illuminate both toxic and historic issues of research on Curare. Methods The ISI Web of Science was searched for data covering 1900 to 2013 using a term which included as many original articles on Curare as possible. 3,867 articles were found and analyzed for common bibliometric items such as the number of citations, language of the articles or the (modified) Hirsch-Index (h-index). Results are illustrated utilizing modern density equalizing map projections (DEMP) or beam diagrams. Results Most publications were located in North America and Europe. The USA has the highest number of publications as well as the highest h-index. The number of publications overall rose until the late 1990s and later decreased. Furthermore, sudden increases of research activity are ascribable to historic events, like the first use of Curare as muscle relaxant during surgery. Discussion This scientometric analysis of Curare research reflects several tendencies as previously seen in other bibliometric investigations, i.e. the scientific quality standard of North America and Europe. Research on Curare decreased however, due to the declining attention towards this muscle relaxant. This work exemplifies also how scientometric methods can be used to illuminate historic circumstances immediately stimulating scientific research.
D. J. Wilkinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dr F. P. de Caux—the first user of Curare for anaesthesia in England
Anaesthesia, 1991Co-Authors: D. J. WilkinsonAbstract:Summary Curare was used in the 19th century in England by a wide variety of scientists, physicians and veterinarians. Their experiments indicated many of the properties of the drug, but its clinical usage remained very limited and was reserved for cases of tetanus, hydrophobia and strychnine poisoning. Griffith and Johnson are usually credited with the introduction of Curare into clinical anaesthesia in 1942, but a Dr F.P. de Caux working at the North Middlesex Hospital, London, in 1928 utilised Curare in a series of seven patients. His work was not widely publicised and this contribution to anaesthetic history has been overlooked by subsequent authors.
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dr f p de caux the first user of Curare for anaesthesia in england
Anaesthesia, 1991Co-Authors: D. J. WilkinsonAbstract:Summary Curare was used in the 19th century in England by a wide variety of scientists, physicians and veterinarians. Their experiments indicated many of the properties of the drug, but its clinical usage remained very limited and was reserved for cases of tetanus, hydrophobia and strychnine poisoning. Griffith and Johnson are usually credited with the introduction of Curare into clinical anaesthesia in 1942, but a Dr F.P. de Caux working at the North Middlesex Hospital, London, in 1928 utilised Curare in a series of seven patients. His work was not widely publicised and this contribution to anaesthetic history has been overlooked by subsequent authors.
C. N. Sundaresan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fascinating Organic Molecules from Nature 4. Hunting with Poisoned Arrows: Story of Curare
Resonance, 2013Co-Authors: N. R. Krishnaswamy, C. N. SundaresanAbstract:(Right) C N Sundaresan is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Bangalore. His research interests are in synthesis of biologically active compounds, and pharmacuetical co-crystals. European explorers of the New World brought back to Europe exotic specimens of plant and animal origin. One of these was Curare, the arrow poison used by the natives of the Orinoco and the Amazon river basins mainly to capture birds and animals for food. Three types of Curare were known, namely tuboCurare, calabash Curare and pot Curare. The main plant component of tuboCurare was identified as the Menispermaceaeplant Chondrodendrontomentosum, whereas in calabash Curare the chief ingredient was the bark of Strychnos toxifera. From tuboCurare, the quaternary base, d-tubocurarine was isolated. It is a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid. Calabash Curare is a complex mixture of several closely related indole alkaloids.
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Fascinating organic molecules from nature
Resonance, 2013Co-Authors: N. R. Krishnaswamy, C. N. SundaresanAbstract:European explorers of the New World brought back to Europe exotic specimens of plant and animal origin. One of these was Curare, the arrow poison used by the natives of the Orinoco and the Amazon river basins mainly to capture birds and animals for food. Three types of Curare were known, namely tuboCurare, calabash Curare and pot Curare. The main plant component of tuboCurare was identified as the Menispermaceae plant Chondrodendrontomentosum , whereas in calabash Curare the chief ingredient was the bark of Strychnos toxifera . From tuboCurare, the quaternary base, d-tubocurarine was isolated. It is a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid. Calabash Curare is a complex mixture of several closely related indole alkaloids.
Jil Carl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Curare - A Curative Poison: A Scientometric Analysis
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Jil Carl, Mario Schwarzer, Doris Klingelhoefer, Daniela Ohlendorf, David A. GronebergAbstract:Introduction Curare is one of the best-examined neurotoxins of the world, which has empirically been used for centuries by American Indigenes. Research on Curare has been performed much later, a global scientometric analysis on Curare research or its derivates does not yet exist. This bibliometric analysis is part of the global NewQis-project and should illuminate both toxic and historic issues of research on Curare. Methods The ISI Web of Science was searched for data covering 1900 to 2013 using a term which included as many original articles on Curare as possible. 3,867 articles were found and analyzed for common bibliometric items such as the number of citations, language of the articles or the (modified) Hirsch-Index (h-index). Results are illustrated utilizing modern density equalizing map projections (DEMP) or beam diagrams. Results Most publications were located in North America and Europe. The USA has the highest number of publications as well as the highest h-index. The number of publications overall rose until the late 1990s and later decreased. Furthermore, sudden increases of research activity are ascribable to historic events, like the first use of Curare as muscle relaxant during surgery. Discussion This scientometric analysis of Curare research reflects several tendencies as previously seen in other bibliometric investigations, i.e. the scientific quality standard of North America and Europe. Research on Curare decreased however, due to the declining attention towards this muscle relaxant. This work exemplifies also how scientometric methods can be used to illuminate historic circumstances immediately stimulating scientific research.
