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Asieh Ehsaei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of cyclopentolate versus tropicamide on anterior segment angle parameters in three refractive groups
Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020Co-Authors: Nasrin Moghadas Sharif, Nasser Shoeibi, Maryam Heydari, Negareh Yazdani, Somayeh Ghasemimoghaddam, Asieh EhsaeiAbstract:CLINICAL RELEVANCE Frequent clinical application of cycloplegia in clinical practice makes it essential to assess how this condition influences anterior segment angle parameters. BACKGROUND This study aims to compare the effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide on anterior segment angle parameters in three adult refractive groups. METHODS Sixty healthy individuals were recruited and assigned into three refractive groups according to inclusion criteria. At baseline visit, anterior segment angle parameters were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the right eye. All measurements were repeated at two separate visits, one week apart, after administration of tropicamide 1% and cyclopentolate 1% at similar conditions. Main outcome measures were angle-opening distance, trabecular iris angle, trabecular iris space area and anterior chamber depth. Anterior segment angle parameters were recorded at temporal areas (180 degrees). RESULTS Sixty participants (29 men and 31 women, age: 27.82 ± 4.71 years) completed the experiment. Baseline mean spherical equivalents were +1.52 ± 1.20 D, -0.04 ± 0.33 D and -1.91 ± 0.91 D in hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between tropicamide and cyclopentolate for all angle parameters in three refractive groups. Both drops induced an increase in all parameters in three refractive groups. Analysis between refractive groups revealed that a more hyperopic refraction was associated with less trabecular iris angle, angle-opening distance and anterior chamber depth parameters in baseline, after tropicamide and cyclopentolate instillations. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of Cycloplegic eye drops in healthy individuals leads to small but significant changes in anterior chamber depth and anterior segment angle parameters, regardless of refractive status. Moreover, lower values of anterior chamber depth and anterior segment angle parameters in hyperopic individuals after administration of Cycloplegic drops should be taken into account during biometric measurement and phakic intraocular lens implantation. Due to shorter effect and recovery time and less ocular/systemic reaction of tropicamide versus cyclopentolate, tropicamide could be a recommended Cycloplegic Agent for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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Effect of cyclopentolate versus tropicamide on anterior segment angle parameters in three refractive groups.
Clinical & experimental optometry, 2020Co-Authors: Nasrin Moghadas Sharif, Nasser Shoeibi, Maryam Heydari, Negareh Yazdani, Somayeh Ghasemi-moghaddam, Asieh EhsaeiAbstract:Frequent clinical application of cycloplegia in clinical practice makes it essential to assess how this condition influences anterior segment angle parameters. This study aims to compare the effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide on anterior segment angle parameters in three adult refractive groups. Sixty healthy individuals were recruited and assigned into three refractive groups according to inclusion criteria. At baseline visit, anterior segment angle parameters were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the right eye. All measurements were repeated at two separate visits, one week apart, after administration of tropicamide 1% and cyclopentolate 1% at similar conditions. Main outcome measures were angle-opening distance, trabecular iris angle, trabecular iris space area and anterior chamber depth. Anterior segment angle parameters were recorded at temporal areas (180 degrees). Sixty participants (29 men and 31 women, age: 27.82 ± 4.71 years) completed the experiment. Baseline mean spherical equivalents were +1.52 ± 1.20 D, -0.04 ± 0.33 D and -1.91 ± 0.91 D in hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between tropicamide and cyclopentolate for all angle parameters in three refractive groups. Both drops induced an increase in all parameters in three refractive groups. Analysis between refractive groups revealed that a more hyperopic refraction was associated with less trabecular iris angle, angle-opening distance and anterior chamber depth parameters in baseline, after tropicamide and cyclopentolate instillations. Topical application of Cycloplegic eye drops in healthy individuals leads to small but significant changes in anterior chamber depth and anterior segment angle parameters, regardless of refractive status. Moreover, lower values of anterior chamber depth and anterior segment angle parameters in hyperopic individuals after administration of Cycloplegic drops should be taken into account during biometric measurement and phakic intraocular lens implantation. Due to shorter effect and recovery time and less ocular/systemic reaction of tropicamide versus cyclopentolate, tropicamide could be a recommended Cycloplegic Agent for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. © 2020 Optometry Australia.
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comparison of cyclopentolate versus tropicamide cycloplegia a systematic review and meta analysis
Journal of Optometry, 2017Co-Authors: Negareh Yazdani, Ramin Sadeghi, Hamed Momenimoghaddam, Leili Zarifmahmoudi, Asieh EhsaeiAbstract:espanolObjetivo El objetivo del presente meta-analisis es comparar la eficacia de ciclopentolato y tropicamida a la hora de controlar la acomodacion durante la refraccion. Metodos Se realizo una busqueda amplia en la literatura en las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, Science direct y Ovid, utilizando las palabras clave: “tropicamida”, “ciclopentolato”, “cicloplejia” y “cicloplejico” desde sus inicios a Abril de 2016. La calidad metodologica de la literatura se evaluo con arreglo a Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine y la escala Newcastle-Ottawa modificada. Los analisis estadisticos se realizaron utilizando el software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2, Biostat Inc., EEUU). Resultados El presente meta-analisis incluyo seis estudios (tres ensayos controlados aleatorizados y tres estudios de casos-control). La diferencia estandarizada combinada de los cambios medios del error refractivo fue de 0,175 D [limites inferior y superior: −0,089, 0,438], mas acusada en el grupo ciclopentolato con respecto al grupo tropicamida aunque, sin embargo, esta diferencia no fue estadisticamente significativa (p=0,194, Valor Q de Cochrane=171,72 (p Conclusion Sugerimos la consideracion de tropicamida como sustituto viable de ciclopentolato, debido a su rapido inicio de accion. Aunque estos resultados deberian utilizarse con precaucion en ninos y en pacientes con elevada hipermetropia o estrabismo al utilizar tropicamida como unico Agente cicloplejico, especialmente en situaciones en las que los hallazgos sean variables, o no exista consistencia entre los resultados del examen y las manifestaciones clinicas de los problemas visuales. EnglishPurpose The aim of the present meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy of cyclopentolate and tropicamide in controlling accommodation during refraction. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Science direct and Ovid databases by the key words: “tropicamide”; “cyclopentolate”; “cycloplegia” and “Cycloplegic” from inception to April 2016. Methodological quality of the literature was evaluated according to the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine and modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2; Biostat Inc., USA). Results The present meta-analysis included six studies (three randomized controlled trials and three case–control studies). Pooled standardized difference in the mean changes in the refractive error was 0.175 D [lower and upper limits: −0.089; 0.438] more plus in the cyclopentolate group compared to the tropicamide group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.194; Cochrane Q value=171.72 (p Conclusion We suggest that tropicamide may be considered as a viable substitute for cyclopentolate due to its rapid onset of action. Although these results should be used cautiously in infants and in patients with high hyperopia or strabismus when using tropicamide as the sole Cycloplegic Agent especially in situations that the findings are variable or there is no consistency between the examination results and clinical manifestations of the visual problems.
Kathleen Zinzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tropicamide 1 an effective Cycloplegic Agent for myopic children
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2001Co-Authors: Ruth E Manny, Mohamed Hussein, Mitchell Scheiman, Daniel Kurtz, Kathy Niemann, Kathleen ZinzerAbstract:PURPOSE: To evaluate the Cycloplegic effect of 1% tropicamide in myopic children and to determine whether its efficacy is associated with age, gender, iris color, ethnicity, magnitude of the refractive error, or latent error. METHODS: Four hundred sixty-nine children enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET; a multicenter, randomized, double-masked clinical trial evaluating the rate of progression of juvenile-onset myopia in children wearing progressive-addition versus single-vision lenses) were given 1 drop of proparacaine in each eye followed 1 minute later by 1 drop of 1% tropicamide and then a second drop of 1% tropicamide 4 to 6 minutes later. Five accommodative responses to 20/100 letters located at 4 m and 33 cm were obtained in each eye with an autorefractor, 20 minutes after the second drop. Residual accommodation was calculated as the difference between the mean spherical equivalent responses obtained at the two distances. An examiner graded iris color, and ethnicity was reported by the children's parents or guardians. RESULTS: The mean residual accommodation was small: 0.38 +/- 0.41 diopters (D) in the right eye and 0.30 +/- 0.41 D in the left eye. Small but statistically significant differences in residual accommodation were associated with ethnicity, but not with any of the other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Tropicamide (1%) is an effective Cycloplegic Agent in myopic children.
Negareh Yazdani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of cyclopentolate versus tropicamide on anterior segment angle parameters in three refractive groups
Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020Co-Authors: Nasrin Moghadas Sharif, Nasser Shoeibi, Maryam Heydari, Negareh Yazdani, Somayeh Ghasemimoghaddam, Asieh EhsaeiAbstract:CLINICAL RELEVANCE Frequent clinical application of cycloplegia in clinical practice makes it essential to assess how this condition influences anterior segment angle parameters. BACKGROUND This study aims to compare the effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide on anterior segment angle parameters in three adult refractive groups. METHODS Sixty healthy individuals were recruited and assigned into three refractive groups according to inclusion criteria. At baseline visit, anterior segment angle parameters were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the right eye. All measurements were repeated at two separate visits, one week apart, after administration of tropicamide 1% and cyclopentolate 1% at similar conditions. Main outcome measures were angle-opening distance, trabecular iris angle, trabecular iris space area and anterior chamber depth. Anterior segment angle parameters were recorded at temporal areas (180 degrees). RESULTS Sixty participants (29 men and 31 women, age: 27.82 ± 4.71 years) completed the experiment. Baseline mean spherical equivalents were +1.52 ± 1.20 D, -0.04 ± 0.33 D and -1.91 ± 0.91 D in hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between tropicamide and cyclopentolate for all angle parameters in three refractive groups. Both drops induced an increase in all parameters in three refractive groups. Analysis between refractive groups revealed that a more hyperopic refraction was associated with less trabecular iris angle, angle-opening distance and anterior chamber depth parameters in baseline, after tropicamide and cyclopentolate instillations. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of Cycloplegic eye drops in healthy individuals leads to small but significant changes in anterior chamber depth and anterior segment angle parameters, regardless of refractive status. Moreover, lower values of anterior chamber depth and anterior segment angle parameters in hyperopic individuals after administration of Cycloplegic drops should be taken into account during biometric measurement and phakic intraocular lens implantation. Due to shorter effect and recovery time and less ocular/systemic reaction of tropicamide versus cyclopentolate, tropicamide could be a recommended Cycloplegic Agent for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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Effect of cyclopentolate versus tropicamide on anterior segment angle parameters in three refractive groups.
Clinical & experimental optometry, 2020Co-Authors: Nasrin Moghadas Sharif, Nasser Shoeibi, Maryam Heydari, Negareh Yazdani, Somayeh Ghasemi-moghaddam, Asieh EhsaeiAbstract:Frequent clinical application of cycloplegia in clinical practice makes it essential to assess how this condition influences anterior segment angle parameters. This study aims to compare the effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide on anterior segment angle parameters in three adult refractive groups. Sixty healthy individuals were recruited and assigned into three refractive groups according to inclusion criteria. At baseline visit, anterior segment angle parameters were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the right eye. All measurements were repeated at two separate visits, one week apart, after administration of tropicamide 1% and cyclopentolate 1% at similar conditions. Main outcome measures were angle-opening distance, trabecular iris angle, trabecular iris space area and anterior chamber depth. Anterior segment angle parameters were recorded at temporal areas (180 degrees). Sixty participants (29 men and 31 women, age: 27.82 ± 4.71 years) completed the experiment. Baseline mean spherical equivalents were +1.52 ± 1.20 D, -0.04 ± 0.33 D and -1.91 ± 0.91 D in hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between tropicamide and cyclopentolate for all angle parameters in three refractive groups. Both drops induced an increase in all parameters in three refractive groups. Analysis between refractive groups revealed that a more hyperopic refraction was associated with less trabecular iris angle, angle-opening distance and anterior chamber depth parameters in baseline, after tropicamide and cyclopentolate instillations. Topical application of Cycloplegic eye drops in healthy individuals leads to small but significant changes in anterior chamber depth and anterior segment angle parameters, regardless of refractive status. Moreover, lower values of anterior chamber depth and anterior segment angle parameters in hyperopic individuals after administration of Cycloplegic drops should be taken into account during biometric measurement and phakic intraocular lens implantation. Due to shorter effect and recovery time and less ocular/systemic reaction of tropicamide versus cyclopentolate, tropicamide could be a recommended Cycloplegic Agent for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. © 2020 Optometry Australia.
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comparison of cyclopentolate versus tropicamide cycloplegia a systematic review and meta analysis
Journal of Optometry, 2017Co-Authors: Negareh Yazdani, Ramin Sadeghi, Hamed Momenimoghaddam, Leili Zarifmahmoudi, Asieh EhsaeiAbstract:espanolObjetivo El objetivo del presente meta-analisis es comparar la eficacia de ciclopentolato y tropicamida a la hora de controlar la acomodacion durante la refraccion. Metodos Se realizo una busqueda amplia en la literatura en las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, Science direct y Ovid, utilizando las palabras clave: “tropicamida”, “ciclopentolato”, “cicloplejia” y “cicloplejico” desde sus inicios a Abril de 2016. La calidad metodologica de la literatura se evaluo con arreglo a Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine y la escala Newcastle-Ottawa modificada. Los analisis estadisticos se realizaron utilizando el software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2, Biostat Inc., EEUU). Resultados El presente meta-analisis incluyo seis estudios (tres ensayos controlados aleatorizados y tres estudios de casos-control). La diferencia estandarizada combinada de los cambios medios del error refractivo fue de 0,175 D [limites inferior y superior: −0,089, 0,438], mas acusada en el grupo ciclopentolato con respecto al grupo tropicamida aunque, sin embargo, esta diferencia no fue estadisticamente significativa (p=0,194, Valor Q de Cochrane=171,72 (p Conclusion Sugerimos la consideracion de tropicamida como sustituto viable de ciclopentolato, debido a su rapido inicio de accion. Aunque estos resultados deberian utilizarse con precaucion en ninos y en pacientes con elevada hipermetropia o estrabismo al utilizar tropicamida como unico Agente cicloplejico, especialmente en situaciones en las que los hallazgos sean variables, o no exista consistencia entre los resultados del examen y las manifestaciones clinicas de los problemas visuales. EnglishPurpose The aim of the present meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy of cyclopentolate and tropicamide in controlling accommodation during refraction. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Science direct and Ovid databases by the key words: “tropicamide”; “cyclopentolate”; “cycloplegia” and “Cycloplegic” from inception to April 2016. Methodological quality of the literature was evaluated according to the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine and modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2; Biostat Inc., USA). Results The present meta-analysis included six studies (three randomized controlled trials and three case–control studies). Pooled standardized difference in the mean changes in the refractive error was 0.175 D [lower and upper limits: −0.089; 0.438] more plus in the cyclopentolate group compared to the tropicamide group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.194; Cochrane Q value=171.72 (p Conclusion We suggest that tropicamide may be considered as a viable substitute for cyclopentolate due to its rapid onset of action. Although these results should be used cautiously in infants and in patients with high hyperopia or strabismus when using tropicamide as the sole Cycloplegic Agent especially in situations that the findings are variable or there is no consistency between the examination results and clinical manifestations of the visual problems.
Ruth E Manny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tropicamide 1 an effective Cycloplegic Agent for myopic children
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2001Co-Authors: Ruth E Manny, Mohamed Hussein, Mitchell Scheiman, Daniel Kurtz, Kathy Niemann, Kathleen ZinzerAbstract:PURPOSE: To evaluate the Cycloplegic effect of 1% tropicamide in myopic children and to determine whether its efficacy is associated with age, gender, iris color, ethnicity, magnitude of the refractive error, or latent error. METHODS: Four hundred sixty-nine children enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET; a multicenter, randomized, double-masked clinical trial evaluating the rate of progression of juvenile-onset myopia in children wearing progressive-addition versus single-vision lenses) were given 1 drop of proparacaine in each eye followed 1 minute later by 1 drop of 1% tropicamide and then a second drop of 1% tropicamide 4 to 6 minutes later. Five accommodative responses to 20/100 letters located at 4 m and 33 cm were obtained in each eye with an autorefractor, 20 minutes after the second drop. Residual accommodation was calculated as the difference between the mean spherical equivalent responses obtained at the two distances. An examiner graded iris color, and ethnicity was reported by the children's parents or guardians. RESULTS: The mean residual accommodation was small: 0.38 +/- 0.41 diopters (D) in the right eye and 0.30 +/- 0.41 D in the left eye. Small but statistically significant differences in residual accommodation were associated with ethnicity, but not with any of the other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Tropicamide (1%) is an effective Cycloplegic Agent in myopic children.
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Cycloplegia in African-American Children
Optometry and Vision Science, 1999Co-Authors: Robert N. Kleinstein, Donald O Mutti, Ruth E Manny, Julie A. Shin, Karla ZadnikAbstract:ABSTRACT:Purpose: The selection of a Cycloplegic Agent depends on the desired outcome, the characteristics of the patient receiving the drug, and the associated risks. The Orinda Longitudinal Study of Myopia (OLSM) has used 1 % tropicamide to assess the ocular components and Cycloplegic refractions
Donald O Mutti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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retinoscopy in infants using a near nonCycloplegic technique cycloplegia with tropicamide 1 and cycloplegia with cyclopentolate 1
Optometry and Vision Science, 2001Co-Authors: Daniel J Twelker, Donald O MuttiAbstract:Purpose. This study compares retinoscopy in infants using a near nonCycloplegic technique, cycloplegia with tropicamide 1%, and cycloplegia with cyclopentolate 1%. The study sample included 29 healthy, nonstrabismic infants 4 to 7 months of age (mean 5.71 months). Methods. Each study subject was examined at two separate visits an average of 2 weeks apart (mean (6SD) 14 6 9 days). The examiner completed a case history, iris color grading, confrontation tests, and nonCycloplegic near retinoscopy in a dark room and then instilled a drop of topical anesthetic in each eye followed by 2 drops of Cycloplegic Agent separated by 5 min. Retinoscopy was performed 25 to 30 min after the first drops were instilled. The bottles were masked, and the drop administered at the first visit was randomly assigned. Results. On a scale of 0 to 4.9, the median iris grade was 4.0, which corresponds to a brown or darkly pigmented iris. All reported retinoscopy results are for the horizontal meridian of the right eye. The mean refractive error using nonCycloplegic near retinoscopy was 10.94 D (61.19 D). The mean refractive error was 11.81 D (61.19 D) with tropicamide and 11.88 D (61.45 D) with cyclopentolate. There was no statistically or clinically significant difference between the two Cycloplegic measurements using different diagnostic Agents (t 52 0.46, p 5 0.65). The mean difference between nonCycloplegic and Cycloplegic retinoscopy was 0.89 D (60.66 D) with tropicamide (t 5 26.57, p < 0.0001) and 1.04 D (60.94 D) with cyclopentolate (t 52 5.38, p < 0.0001; all two-sided paired t-tests). There were no serious adverse reactions with either Agent, although one infant temporarily developed redder than normal cheeks after instillation of cyclopentolate. Conclusion. Our results suggest that tropicamide is as effective as cyclopentolate for the measurement of refractive error in most healthy, nonstrabismic infants. (Optom Vis Sci 2001;78: 215-222)
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Retinoscopy in infants using a near nonCycloplegic technique, cycloplegia with tropicamide 1%, and cycloplegia with cyclopentolate 1%.
Optometry and Vision Science, 2001Co-Authors: J. Daniel Twelker, Donald O MuttiAbstract:Purpose. This study compares retinoscopy in infants using a near nonCycloplegic technique, cycloplegia with tropicamide 1%, and cycloplegia with cyclopentolate 1%. The study sample included 29 healthy, nonstrabismic infants 4 to 7 months of age (mean 5.71 months). Methods. Each study subject was examined at two separate visits an average of 2 weeks apart (mean (6SD) 14 6 9 days). The examiner completed a case history, iris color grading, confrontation tests, and nonCycloplegic near retinoscopy in a dark room and then instilled a drop of topical anesthetic in each eye followed by 2 drops of Cycloplegic Agent separated by 5 min. Retinoscopy was performed 25 to 30 min after the first drops were instilled. The bottles were masked, and the drop administered at the first visit was randomly assigned. Results. On a scale of 0 to 4.9, the median iris grade was 4.0, which corresponds to a brown or darkly pigmented iris. All reported retinoscopy results are for the horizontal meridian of the right eye. The mean refractive error using nonCycloplegic near retinoscopy was 10.94 D (61.19 D). The mean refractive error was 11.81 D (61.19 D) with tropicamide and 11.88 D (61.45 D) with cyclopentolate. There was no statistically or clinically significant difference between the two Cycloplegic measurements using different diagnostic Agents (t 52 0.46, p 5 0.65). The mean difference between nonCycloplegic and Cycloplegic retinoscopy was 0.89 D (60.66 D) with tropicamide (t 5 26.57, p < 0.0001) and 1.04 D (60.94 D) with cyclopentolate (t 52 5.38, p < 0.0001; all two-sided paired t-tests). There were no serious adverse reactions with either Agent, although one infant temporarily developed redder than normal cheeks after instillation of cyclopentolate. Conclusion. Our results suggest that tropicamide is as effective as cyclopentolate for the measurement of refractive error in most healthy, nonstrabismic infants. (Optom Vis Sci 2001;78: 215-222)
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Cycloplegia in African-American Children
Optometry and Vision Science, 1999Co-Authors: Robert N. Kleinstein, Donald O Mutti, Ruth E Manny, Julie A. Shin, Karla ZadnikAbstract:ABSTRACT:Purpose: The selection of a Cycloplegic Agent depends on the desired outcome, the characteristics of the patient receiving the drug, and the associated risks. The Orinda Longitudinal Study of Myopia (OLSM) has used 1 % tropicamide to assess the ocular components and Cycloplegic refractions
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The Effect of Cycloplegia on Measurement of the Ocular Components
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 1994Co-Authors: Donald O Mutti, Karla Zadnik, Egashira Sm, Kish Ll, John D Twelker, Anthony J. AdamsAbstract:PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Cycloplegic Agent on the measurement of refractive error and the ocular components. METHODS: We compared two commonly used topical Cycloplegic Agents, 1% tropicamide and 1% cyclopentolate, for their effect on the measurement of refractive error (by Canon R-1 autorefraction), accommodative response (by Canon R-1 autorefraction and by the conventional, subjective "pushup" method), crystalline lens power (by video phakometry and by calculation), and axial ocular dimensions (by A-scan ultrasonography) in 20 emmetropic to moderately hyperopic children. RESULTS: Comparison of refractive error at each drug's reported time of maximum cycloplegia (30 minutes for tropicamide and 60 minutes for cyclopentolate) showed that distance autorefraction in the vertical meridian differed by +0.20 +/- 0.30 diopters (D) (P = 0.008). The average difference was +0.07 +/- 0.10 mm for anterior chamber depth (P = 0.004), -0.03 +/- 0.05 mm for crystalline lens thickness (P = 0.025), -0.65 +/- 0.69 D for phakometrically measured crystalline lens power (P < 0.001), +0.03 +/- 1.55 D for calculated crystalline lens power (P = 0.94), and -0.09 +/- 0.19 mm for vitreous chamber depth (P = 0.062, all paired t tests; positive signs denote greater values with cyclopentolate). Residual accommodation was 0.47 and 0.67 D greater with tropicamide when measured by autorefraction and the pushup method (P = 0.013 and 0.08 respectively, paired t test). All significant differences were consistently in the direction of poorer cycloplegia with tropicamide. CONCLUSIONS: Although tropicamide, as expected, showed poorer cycloplegia compared to cyclopentolate, the degree of difference appeared to be small, with minimal effect on the measurement of distance refractive error and the ocular optical components.
