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P W Crous - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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population structure of Cylindrocladium parasiticum infecting peanuts arachis hypogaea in georgia usa
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2010Co-Authors: P W Crous, Brenda D Wingfield, T B Brenneman, Louwrance P Wright, Andrew J Davis, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Cylindrocladium parasiticum is an important pathogen of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) causing the disease Cylindrocladium black rot. The genetic structure of this haploid pathogen was determined for populations associated with peanut in Georgia, USA. Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to determine genetic and genotypic diversity among three sub-populations representing the geographic distribution of peanut production in Georgia. Among 200 isolates collected, only 10 unique multilocus haplotypes were identified, with one multilocus haplotype occurring 176 times. Although no evidence for random mating was observed, the existence of loops in a constructed haplotype network hint at the possibility of recombination events. The absence of random mating might therefore be attributed to the homothallic nature of C. parasiticum as well as the clonality of the population, without excluding the possible occurrence of recombination. Cylindrocladium parasiticum thus appears to consist of a genetically homogeneous population throughout Georgia with mainly clonal reproduction or inbreeding contributing to the observed population genetic structure.
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species concepts in calonectria Cylindrocladium
Studies in Mycology, 2010Co-Authors: Lorenzo Lombard, P W Crous, Brenda D Wingfield, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Species of Calonectria and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs are important plant pathogens worldwide. At present 52 Cylindrocladium spp. and 37 Calonectria spp. are recognised based on sexual compatibility, morphology and phylogenetic inference. The polyphasic approach of integrating Biological, Morphological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts has revolutionised the taxonomy of fungi. This review aims to present an overview of published research on the genera Calonectria and Cylindrocladium as they pertain to their taxonomic history. The nomenclature as well as future research necessary for this group of fungi are also briefly discussed.
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calonectria Cylindrocladium species associated with dying pinus cuttings
Persoonia, 2009Co-Authors: Lorenzo Lombard, P W Crous, Brenda D Wingfield, Carlos A. Rodas, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Calonectria (Ca.) species and their Cylindrocladium (Cy.) anamorphs are well-known pathogens of forest nursery plants in subtropical and tropical areas of the world. An investigation of the mortality of rooted Pinus cuttings in a commercial forest nursery in Colombia led to the isolation of two Cylindrocladium anamorphs of Calonectria spe- cies. The aim of this study was to identify these species using DNA sequence data and morphological comparisons. Two species were identified, namely one undescribed species, and Cy. gracile, which is allocated to Calonectria as Ca. brassicae. The new species, Ca. brachiatica, resides in the Ca. brassicae species complex. Pathogenicity tests with Ca. brachiatica and Ca. brassicae showed that both are able to cause disease on Pinus maximinoi and P. tecunumanii. An emended key is provided to distinguish between Calonectria species with clavate vesicles and 1-septate macroconidia.
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Cylindrocladium leaf spot blight and crown rot new diseases of mastic tree seedlings caused by Cylindrocladium scoparium
Plant Disease, 2006Co-Authors: G Polizzi, J Z Groenewald, A Vitale, I Castello, P W CrousAbstract:The mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L., Anacardiaceae) is an important sclerophyllous evergreen shrub in the Mediterranean area where it is the dominant component of maquis and garrigues, which is vegetation composed of shrubs, or scrub, usually not exceeding 3 m high. In October 2005, new widespread diseases were noticed in a nursery in eastern Sicily (Italy) affecting container-grown, 1-year-old mastic tree seedlings. Symptoms were detected on approximately 40% of the 5,000 plants and consisted of minute, brown spots, stem lesions, blight, and defoliation. Occasionally, symptoms of crown and root rot were observed. A Cylindrocladium sp. was consistently isolated from rotted crown and roots, leaf spots, and stem lesions on potato dextrose agar. Morphological features of the fungus including conidiophores, conidia, and terminal vesicles were studied under a light microscope. Five Cylindrocladium isolates were cultured on carnation leaf agar (CLA) and identified as C. scoparium Morgan (teleomorph Calonectr...
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calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs species with clavate vesicles
Studies in Mycology, 2006Co-Authors: P W Crous, J Z Groenewald, Jeanmichel Risede, Philippe Simoneau, Kevin D HydeAbstract:The present study compares all known species of Cylindrocladium that have clavate vesicles. Several isolates were obtained from baited soils collected in various parts of the world, while others were associated with leaf litter or symptomatic plant hosts. Isolates were compared based on morphology, as well as DNA sequence data from their β-tubulin and histone gene H3 regions. Cylindrocladium australiense and Cy. ecuadoriae, are described as new species, a decision based on morphology and molecular data. A group of isolates associated with toppling disease of banana in the West Indies is identified as Cy. flexuosum. An epitype is designated for Cy. ilicicola, and a new name, Curvicladiella, proposed to replace the anamorphic genus Curvicladium, which is a homonym.
Michael J Wingfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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population structure of Cylindrocladium parasiticum infecting peanuts arachis hypogaea in georgia usa
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2010Co-Authors: P W Crous, Brenda D Wingfield, T B Brenneman, Louwrance P Wright, Andrew J Davis, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Cylindrocladium parasiticum is an important pathogen of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) causing the disease Cylindrocladium black rot. The genetic structure of this haploid pathogen was determined for populations associated with peanut in Georgia, USA. Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to determine genetic and genotypic diversity among three sub-populations representing the geographic distribution of peanut production in Georgia. Among 200 isolates collected, only 10 unique multilocus haplotypes were identified, with one multilocus haplotype occurring 176 times. Although no evidence for random mating was observed, the existence of loops in a constructed haplotype network hint at the possibility of recombination events. The absence of random mating might therefore be attributed to the homothallic nature of C. parasiticum as well as the clonality of the population, without excluding the possible occurrence of recombination. Cylindrocladium parasiticum thus appears to consist of a genetically homogeneous population throughout Georgia with mainly clonal reproduction or inbreeding contributing to the observed population genetic structure.
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species concepts in calonectria Cylindrocladium
Studies in Mycology, 2010Co-Authors: Lorenzo Lombard, P W Crous, Brenda D Wingfield, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Species of Calonectria and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs are important plant pathogens worldwide. At present 52 Cylindrocladium spp. and 37 Calonectria spp. are recognised based on sexual compatibility, morphology and phylogenetic inference. The polyphasic approach of integrating Biological, Morphological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts has revolutionised the taxonomy of fungi. This review aims to present an overview of published research on the genera Calonectria and Cylindrocladium as they pertain to their taxonomic history. The nomenclature as well as future research necessary for this group of fungi are also briefly discussed.
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calonectria Cylindrocladium species associated with dying pinus cuttings
Persoonia, 2009Co-Authors: Lorenzo Lombard, P W Crous, Brenda D Wingfield, Carlos A. Rodas, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Calonectria (Ca.) species and their Cylindrocladium (Cy.) anamorphs are well-known pathogens of forest nursery plants in subtropical and tropical areas of the world. An investigation of the mortality of rooted Pinus cuttings in a commercial forest nursery in Colombia led to the isolation of two Cylindrocladium anamorphs of Calonectria spe- cies. The aim of this study was to identify these species using DNA sequence data and morphological comparisons. Two species were identified, namely one undescribed species, and Cy. gracile, which is allocated to Calonectria as Ca. brassicae. The new species, Ca. brachiatica, resides in the Ca. brassicae species complex. Pathogenicity tests with Ca. brachiatica and Ca. brassicae showed that both are able to cause disease on Pinus maximinoi and P. tecunumanii. An emended key is provided to distinguish between Calonectria species with clavate vesicles and 1-septate macroconidia.
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isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Cylindrocladium parasiticum
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2006Co-Authors: Louwrance P Wright, P W Crous, Brenda D Wingfield, T B Brenneman, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Cylindrocladium pauciramosum, a plant pathogen with a wide host range, which poses a serious problem in South African Eucalyptus nurseries. Polymorphism was evaluated on 43 isolates collected from Colombia and South Africa. Each locus had between three and six alleles. Testing for random mating showed multilocus equilibrium for a population of 40 isolates from a South African forestry nursery. Cross-species transferability tested for 19 other Cylindrocladium species found amplification only in C. spathulatum, which is phylogenetically closely related to C. pauciramosum.
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Cylindrocladium blight of . Eucalyptus grandis in Colombia
Australasian Plant Pathology, 2005Co-Authors: Carlos A. Rodas, Lorenzo Lombard, Marieka Gryzenhoinf, Bernard Slippers, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Cylindrocladium leaf blight is one of the most important diseases affecting Eucalyptus grandis plantations in Colombia. Disease symptoms include both leaf blotch and shoot blight and these can lead to severe defoliation. This reduces the productivity of E. grandis in forestry zones with high humidity. The objective of this study was to identify the Cylindrocladium spp. associated with Cylindrocladium leaf blight of E. grandis in three important forestry regions of Colombia. Isolates were obtained from samples collected within these areas and morphology as well as DNA sequence data were used for identification. Results of both morphological comparisons and analysis of [ß-tubulin gene sequences showed that only C. spathulatum was associated with the disease symptoms in the evaluated areas. Evaluation of a Eucalyptus clonal trial showed that clones differ greatly in their susceptibility to infection by C. spathulatum . This presents excellent opportunities for disease avoidance in future.
G Polizzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first report of crown rot caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum on scarlet honey myrtle in italy
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: G Polizzi, A Vitale, D Aiello, I Castello, G Parlavecchio, F NigroAbstract:Scarlet honey myrtle (Melaleuca fulgens R. Br.), native to Australia, is an evergreen colorful shrub (Myrtaceae) and grown in Italy as an ornamental plant. During November 2008, a widespread disease was noticed on ~90% of 3,000 6-month-old M. fulgens cv. Red potted plants. Plants were obtained from cuttings and produced by a commercial nursery in Catania Province. Symptomatic plants showed a crown rot and longitudinal sections of tissues revealed a brown discoloration of the basal stem. As a consequence, leaves gradually became necrotic and abscised, followed by death of the entire plant. Root rots and leaf spots were not observed. M. gibbosa, M. ericifolia, M. thymifolia, and M. elliptica, cultivated in the same nursery, did not show disease symptoms. A Cylindrocladium sp. was consistently isolated from the crown and basal stem of symptomatic plants on potato dextrose agar (1). Ten Cylindrocladium isolates obtained from infected basal stems and crowns were selected and cultured for 8 days at 25°C on carn...
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severe outbreak of crown rot and root rot caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum on strawberry tree in italy
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: A Vitale, D Aiello, I Castello, G Parlavecchio, M A Dimartino, G PolizziAbstract:From 2006 to 2009, a new disease was noticed in several commercial nurseries in Sicily (Italy) on ~13,000 potted plants of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) ranging from 3 months to 4 years old. Symptomatic plants showed a crown and root rot and internal brown discoloration of the basal stem. No leaf spots were detected. The percentage of symptomatic plants was variable in the different stocks (1 to 28%). A Cylindrocladium sp. was isolated consistently from symptomatic tissues on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Although many crown rots are caused by Phytophthora or Rhizoctonia spp., plating small pieces of diseased tissue from rotten roots and crowns onto corn meal agar or PDA yielded these pathogens sporadically. Twenty Cylindrocladium isolates obtained from infected basal stems, crowns, and roots were selected and subsequently cultured on carnation leaf agar (CLA). Macroconidiophores consisted of a stipe, a penicillate arrangement of fertile branches, and stipe extension terminating in an obpyriform-to-ell...
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first record of crown and root rot caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum on brush cherry in italy
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: G Polizzi, A Vitale, D Aiello, I Castello, Vladimiro Guarnaccia, G ParlavecchioAbstract:Brush cherry (Eugenia myrtifolia Sims; synonym Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn.) is a woody evergreen ornamental plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family. This plant is a very common species in Sicilian landscapes. In June of 2008, a new blight disease was detected in a commercial nursery located in Sicily (Italy) in a stock of 10,000 2-year-old E. myrtifolia cv. Newport potted plants obtained from cuttings. The disease was randomly distributed, affecting approximately 2% of the plants. Twig dieback, followed in some cases by plant death, was associated with crown and root rot. Roots were necrotic and crown tissue was brown. A Cylindrocladium sp. was consistently isolated from symptomatic roots, crowns, and lower stems of affected plants on potato dextrose agar petri dishes. Phytophthora isolates were not found associated with symptomatic tissues with BNPRAH (benomyl, nystatin, pentachloronitrobenzene, rifampicin, ampicillin, and hymexazol) selective medium. Five Cylindrocladium isolates were selected and subs...
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development of pcr primers for detection of Cylindrocladium pauciramosum
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2009Co-Authors: I Camele, A Vitale, Luciana Altieri, G PolizziAbstract:Cylindrocladium pauciramosum, hypothesized to be native to South or Central America, has recently been reported from Italy, where it was identified on the basis of morphological characters as well as mating type studies. PCR oligonucleotide primers named CPAUCIR/ CPAUCIF were designed from b-tubulin gene sequences to improve detection. These primers amplified a 161 bp fragment of the b-tubulin gene from all C. pauciramosum isolates tested but failed to amplify DNA from other four Cylindrocladium species (C. scoparium, C. candelabrum, C. insulare and C. mexicanum) and to isolates of several other fungi or stramenopiles. In nested PCR asssays, these primers efficiently amplified C. pauciramosum DNA sequences from infected plants, thus proving to be a suitable diagnostic tool.
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first report of benzimidazole resistant isolates of Cylindrocladium scoparium in europe
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: A Vitale, D Aiello, I Castello, G PolizziAbstract:Cylindrocladium scoparium Morg. (teleomorph Calonectria morganii Crous, Alfenas & M.J. Wingf.) was detected for the first time in Sicilian ornamental nurseries in 2005 and was responsible for damping-off and leaf spot of mastic tree seedlings (4). In Sicily, C. scoparium has caused extensive losses, and chemical control measures for the disease were necessary, especially in young plants. The benzimidazoles, including the thiophanates, which are transformed to benzimidazoles, are effective at relatively low doses for the inhibition of different species of Cylindrocladium (2). However, in a fungicide trial conducted in a Sicilian nursery on Callistemon cuttings infected by C. scoparium, thiophanate methyl was ineffective. Fourteen isolates of Cylindrocladium sp. were recovered on potato dextrose agar (PDA) from rotted crown and roots of Pistacia lentiscus L. and Callistemon cvs. Laevis, Hanna Ray, Masotti Mini Red, and Rose Opal and cultured on carnation leaf agar. Isolates were identified as C. scoparium b...
Conrad L Schoch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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species concepts in the Cylindrocladium floridanum and cy spathiphylli complexes hypocreaceae based on multi allelic sequence data sexual compatibility and morphology
Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: Jichuan Kang, P W Crous, Conrad L SchochAbstract:Summary Much attention has recently been devoted to the delimitation of species units in Cylindrocladium ( Cy .). In this regard the present study focuses on the taxa within the unresolved Cy. floridanum and Cy. spathiphylli species complexes. Maximum parsimony analyses of DNA sequences of ITS, β-tubulin and histone regions of rRNA genes, and mating experiments revealed a geographically isolated species of Cylindrocladium in the Cy. spathiphylli (teleomorph: Calonectria spathiphylli ) species complex. Cy. pseudospathiphylli sp. nov. (teleomorph: Ca. pseudospathiphylli sp. nov.) is described as a new phylogenetic, biological and morphological species. It is distinguished from Cy. spathiphylli by being homothallic, having smaller macroconidia, and distinct DNA sequences of β-tubulin and histone genes. Similarly, parsimony analysis of a combined data set also indicated several phylogenetic species to exist within Cy. floridanum (teleomorph: Ca. kyotensis ). Based on differences in vesicle morphology and conidium dimensions, the Canadian population of Cy. floridanum , formerly known as Cy. floridanum Group 2, is described as Cy. canadense sp. nov., while a further collection from Hawaii is described as Cy. pacificum sp. nov.
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Cylindrocladium angustatum sp nov a new leaf spot pathogen of tillandsia capitata from florida u s a
Mycoscience, 2000Co-Authors: P W Crous, Conrad L Schoch, Nabih Elgholl, Tim Schubert, R. M. LeahyAbstract:Cylindrocladium angustatum is described as a new species fromTillandsia introduced with plant material into the U.S.A. from Central America. Koch's postulates are established to prove its pathogenicity to this host. The species is compared with and distinguished fromC. heptaseptatum andC. rumohrae based on morphology, cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of sequence data of the beta-tubulin gene.
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Cylindrocladium angustatum sp. nov., a new leaf spot pathogen ofTillandsia capitata from Florida, U.S.A.
Mycoscience, 2000Co-Authors: Pedro W. Crous, Conrad L Schoch, Nabih El-gholl, Tim S. Schubert, Robert M. LeahyAbstract:Cylindrocladium angustatum is described as a new species from Tillandsia introduced with plant material into the U.S.A. from Central America. Koch's postulates are established to prove its pathogenicity to this host. The species is compared with and distinguished from C. heptaseptatum and C. rumohrae based on morphology, cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of sequence data of the beta-tubulin gene.
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first report of Cylindrocladium root and petiole rot of spathiphyllum in south africa
South African Journal of Botany, 1999Co-Authors: Conrad L Schoch, P W CrousAbstract:This is the first report of the occurrence of Cylindrocladium spathiphylli Schoult., EI-Gholl & Alfieri on the mainland of Africa. This organism was isolated from commercially cultivated Spathiphyllum Schott plants and is responsible for Cylindrocladium root and petiole rot. Sequencing data and morphological characters are utilised to compare the isolate to known cultures of Cylindrocladium spathiphylli. Koch’s postulates are proven for this fungus and possible disease control measures are discussed.
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a new root and crown rot disease of heath in california caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum
Plant Disease, 1999Co-Authors: S T Koike, P W Crous, Conrad L Schoch, D M Henderson, S A TjosvoldAbstract:Heath (Erica capensis Salter) is a woody, evergreen plant used in Cali-fornia as a landscape shrub or ground cover. In 1997, a new root and crown disease was found in commercial nursery plantings of potted heath. A similar disease was found in 1998 on heath transplants being grown as liners. In both situations, roots were necrotic and crown tissue turned brown. Affected plants became gray-green in color, withered, and died. A Cylindrocladium species was consistently isolated from roots, crowns, and lower stems of symptomatic plants. Isolates were characterized by having penicillate conidiophores terminating in obpyriform to broadly ellipsoidal vesicles. Conidia were hyaline, 1-septate, straight with rounded ends, (30-) 45 to 55 (-60) × (3.5-) 4 to 5 μm, placing it in the Cylindrocladium candelabrum Viegas species complex. Ten single-conidial isolates produced perithecia with viable progeny of Calonectria pauciramosa C.L. Schoch & Crous when mated on carnation leaf agar with tester strains of Cylindrocladi...
A Vitale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first report of crown rot caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum on scarlet honey myrtle in italy
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: G Polizzi, A Vitale, D Aiello, I Castello, G Parlavecchio, F NigroAbstract:Scarlet honey myrtle (Melaleuca fulgens R. Br.), native to Australia, is an evergreen colorful shrub (Myrtaceae) and grown in Italy as an ornamental plant. During November 2008, a widespread disease was noticed on ~90% of 3,000 6-month-old M. fulgens cv. Red potted plants. Plants were obtained from cuttings and produced by a commercial nursery in Catania Province. Symptomatic plants showed a crown rot and longitudinal sections of tissues revealed a brown discoloration of the basal stem. As a consequence, leaves gradually became necrotic and abscised, followed by death of the entire plant. Root rots and leaf spots were not observed. M. gibbosa, M. ericifolia, M. thymifolia, and M. elliptica, cultivated in the same nursery, did not show disease symptoms. A Cylindrocladium sp. was consistently isolated from the crown and basal stem of symptomatic plants on potato dextrose agar (1). Ten Cylindrocladium isolates obtained from infected basal stems and crowns were selected and cultured for 8 days at 25°C on carn...
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severe outbreak of crown rot and root rot caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum on strawberry tree in italy
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: A Vitale, D Aiello, I Castello, G Parlavecchio, M A Dimartino, G PolizziAbstract:From 2006 to 2009, a new disease was noticed in several commercial nurseries in Sicily (Italy) on ~13,000 potted plants of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) ranging from 3 months to 4 years old. Symptomatic plants showed a crown and root rot and internal brown discoloration of the basal stem. No leaf spots were detected. The percentage of symptomatic plants was variable in the different stocks (1 to 28%). A Cylindrocladium sp. was isolated consistently from symptomatic tissues on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Although many crown rots are caused by Phytophthora or Rhizoctonia spp., plating small pieces of diseased tissue from rotten roots and crowns onto corn meal agar or PDA yielded these pathogens sporadically. Twenty Cylindrocladium isolates obtained from infected basal stems, crowns, and roots were selected and subsequently cultured on carnation leaf agar (CLA). Macroconidiophores consisted of a stipe, a penicillate arrangement of fertile branches, and stipe extension terminating in an obpyriform-to-ell...
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first record of crown and root rot caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum on brush cherry in italy
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: G Polizzi, A Vitale, D Aiello, I Castello, Vladimiro Guarnaccia, G ParlavecchioAbstract:Brush cherry (Eugenia myrtifolia Sims; synonym Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn.) is a woody evergreen ornamental plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family. This plant is a very common species in Sicilian landscapes. In June of 2008, a new blight disease was detected in a commercial nursery located in Sicily (Italy) in a stock of 10,000 2-year-old E. myrtifolia cv. Newport potted plants obtained from cuttings. The disease was randomly distributed, affecting approximately 2% of the plants. Twig dieback, followed in some cases by plant death, was associated with crown and root rot. Roots were necrotic and crown tissue was brown. A Cylindrocladium sp. was consistently isolated from symptomatic roots, crowns, and lower stems of affected plants on potato dextrose agar petri dishes. Phytophthora isolates were not found associated with symptomatic tissues with BNPRAH (benomyl, nystatin, pentachloronitrobenzene, rifampicin, ampicillin, and hymexazol) selective medium. Five Cylindrocladium isolates were selected and subs...
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development of pcr primers for detection of Cylindrocladium pauciramosum
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2009Co-Authors: I Camele, A Vitale, Luciana Altieri, G PolizziAbstract:Cylindrocladium pauciramosum, hypothesized to be native to South or Central America, has recently been reported from Italy, where it was identified on the basis of morphological characters as well as mating type studies. PCR oligonucleotide primers named CPAUCIR/ CPAUCIF were designed from b-tubulin gene sequences to improve detection. These primers amplified a 161 bp fragment of the b-tubulin gene from all C. pauciramosum isolates tested but failed to amplify DNA from other four Cylindrocladium species (C. scoparium, C. candelabrum, C. insulare and C. mexicanum) and to isolates of several other fungi or stramenopiles. In nested PCR asssays, these primers efficiently amplified C. pauciramosum DNA sequences from infected plants, thus proving to be a suitable diagnostic tool.
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first report of benzimidazole resistant isolates of Cylindrocladium scoparium in europe
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: A Vitale, D Aiello, I Castello, G PolizziAbstract:Cylindrocladium scoparium Morg. (teleomorph Calonectria morganii Crous, Alfenas & M.J. Wingf.) was detected for the first time in Sicilian ornamental nurseries in 2005 and was responsible for damping-off and leaf spot of mastic tree seedlings (4). In Sicily, C. scoparium has caused extensive losses, and chemical control measures for the disease were necessary, especially in young plants. The benzimidazoles, including the thiophanates, which are transformed to benzimidazoles, are effective at relatively low doses for the inhibition of different species of Cylindrocladium (2). However, in a fungicide trial conducted in a Sicilian nursery on Callistemon cuttings infected by C. scoparium, thiophanate methyl was ineffective. Fourteen isolates of Cylindrocladium sp. were recovered on potato dextrose agar (PDA) from rotted crown and roots of Pistacia lentiscus L. and Callistemon cvs. Laevis, Hanna Ray, Masotti Mini Red, and Rose Opal and cultured on carnation leaf agar. Isolates were identified as C. scoparium b...
