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S Ravikumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in biochemical histological and specific immune parameters in catla catla ham by Cynodon Dactylon l
Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2012Co-Authors: B Kaleeswaran, Soundharrajan Ilavenil, S RavikumarAbstract:Abstract Indian major carp, Catla catla (Ham.), was fed with ethanolic extract of Cynodon Dactylon (L.) mixed diet with 0.05% (group A), 0.5% (group B) and 5% (group C) extract for 60 days with an interval of 10 days. Significant ( P > 0.05) alterations were observed in the haematological and biochemical parameters such as white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, haemoglobin content, serum glucose, cholesterol, protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio and RNA/DNA ratio in the experimental diet and control fishes. Non-specific immune response was assessed by the anti-protease activity, which was significantly increased in the experimental diet groups. The specific immune response of fish was evaluated by antibody response against heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila for 28 days by using ELISA and bacterial agglutination assay. Aggregation of melanomacrophage centres (MMC) and considerable modifications were observed in the histological analysis of the spleen of experimental diet groups. These results suggested that C. Dactylon (L.) could combat the microbial infection by stimulating the immune response in fish.
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dietary supplementation with Cynodon Dactylon l enhances innate immunity and disease resistance of indian major carp catla catla ham
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2011Co-Authors: B Kaleeswaran, Soundharrajan Ilavenil, S RavikumarAbstract:Indian major carp (Catla catla) was subjected to study the immunostimulatory effects when the grass Cynodon Dactylon(L) ethanolic extract administrated as feed supplement. C. catla was fed with 0% (Control), 0.05% (group I), 0.5% (group II) and 5% (group III) extract provided for 60 days. Blood samples were collected at every 10 days of interval up to 60 days for analyzing the non-specific humoral (lysozyme activity, antiprotease activity and haemolytic complement) and cellular (production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, myeloperoxidase activity) immune response study. The results indicate that C. Dactylon ethanolic extract administered as feed supplement significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced most of the non-specific immune parameters tested. Among the experimental diet groups, significantly increased response of non-specific immunity was seen in group III (5%). Disease resistant analysis against Aeromonas hydrophila was performed in control group and plant extract treated fish for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Relative percent survival rate (RPS) was observed in treated samples, which is directly proportional to concentration of the extract. Additionally, electron microscopic studies and gelatin zymography for Matrix Metalo Proteinase (MMPs) were examined in spleen at 7th and 28th days of feeding. Administration of C. Dactylon mixed diet delayed the lymphocyte destruction with positive ultrastructural changes. An induced stress (A. hydrophila infection) was observed by using MMPs expression, which was reduced in the experimental diet groups than the control. All these experimental results prove that C. Dactylon ethanolic extract enhances the immunity of Catla fish.
Bingru Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of proteins associated with water deficit tolerance in c4 perennial grass species Cynodon Dactylon Cynodon transvaalensis and Cynodon Dactylon
Physiologia Plantarum, 2011Co-Authors: Yan Zhao, Zhaolong Wang, Bingru HuangAbstract:The study was conducted to examine differential proteomic responses to water-deficit stress in hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers. ×Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy, cv. Tifway] and common bermudagrass (C. Dactylon, cv. C299). Plants were exposed to water-deficit stress for 15 days by withholding irrigation in a growth chamber. Leaf electrolyte leakage increased and photochemical efficiency and relative water content declined under water-deficit stress, but the extent of changes in each of the physiological parameters for 'Tifway' was less pronounced than those for 'C299'. Total proteins of leaves were extracted from well-watered and water-deficit plants and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Of the 750 protein spots reproducibly detected, 32 proteins had increases in the abundance and 22 proteins exhibited decreases in the abundance in at least one genotype under water-deficit stress. A significantly higher number of proteins were found to accumulate in 'Tifway' than in 'C299' and 16 proteins with increasing abundance were detected only in 'Tifway' under water-deficit stress. All stress-responsive proteins were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis, which were mainly involved in metabolism, energy, cell growth/division, protein synthesis and stress defense. Functional analysis of differential drought-responsive proteins between the two genotypes suggests that the superior water-deficit tolerance in 'Tifway' bermudagrass could be mainly associated with less severe decline in the abundance level of proteins involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll a-b, ATP synthase subunit alpha, phosphoribulokinase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) and greater increase in the abundance level of antioxidant defense proteins (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and peroxiredoxin), demonstrating that maintaining photosynthesis and active antioxidant defense mechanisms may play a critical role in C(4) grass adaptation to water-deficit stress.
B Kaleeswaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in biochemical histological and specific immune parameters in catla catla ham by Cynodon Dactylon l
Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2012Co-Authors: B Kaleeswaran, Soundharrajan Ilavenil, S RavikumarAbstract:Abstract Indian major carp, Catla catla (Ham.), was fed with ethanolic extract of Cynodon Dactylon (L.) mixed diet with 0.05% (group A), 0.5% (group B) and 5% (group C) extract for 60 days with an interval of 10 days. Significant ( P > 0.05) alterations were observed in the haematological and biochemical parameters such as white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, haemoglobin content, serum glucose, cholesterol, protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio and RNA/DNA ratio in the experimental diet and control fishes. Non-specific immune response was assessed by the anti-protease activity, which was significantly increased in the experimental diet groups. The specific immune response of fish was evaluated by antibody response against heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila for 28 days by using ELISA and bacterial agglutination assay. Aggregation of melanomacrophage centres (MMC) and considerable modifications were observed in the histological analysis of the spleen of experimental diet groups. These results suggested that C. Dactylon (L.) could combat the microbial infection by stimulating the immune response in fish.
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dietary supplementation with Cynodon Dactylon l enhances innate immunity and disease resistance of indian major carp catla catla ham
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2011Co-Authors: B Kaleeswaran, Soundharrajan Ilavenil, S RavikumarAbstract:Indian major carp (Catla catla) was subjected to study the immunostimulatory effects when the grass Cynodon Dactylon(L) ethanolic extract administrated as feed supplement. C. catla was fed with 0% (Control), 0.05% (group I), 0.5% (group II) and 5% (group III) extract provided for 60 days. Blood samples were collected at every 10 days of interval up to 60 days for analyzing the non-specific humoral (lysozyme activity, antiprotease activity and haemolytic complement) and cellular (production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, myeloperoxidase activity) immune response study. The results indicate that C. Dactylon ethanolic extract administered as feed supplement significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced most of the non-specific immune parameters tested. Among the experimental diet groups, significantly increased response of non-specific immunity was seen in group III (5%). Disease resistant analysis against Aeromonas hydrophila was performed in control group and plant extract treated fish for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Relative percent survival rate (RPS) was observed in treated samples, which is directly proportional to concentration of the extract. Additionally, electron microscopic studies and gelatin zymography for Matrix Metalo Proteinase (MMPs) were examined in spleen at 7th and 28th days of feeding. Administration of C. Dactylon mixed diet delayed the lymphocyte destruction with positive ultrastructural changes. An induced stress (A. hydrophila infection) was observed by using MMPs expression, which was reduced in the experimental diet groups than the control. All these experimental results prove that C. Dactylon ethanolic extract enhances the immunity of Catla fish.
López-granados Francisca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mapping Cynodon Dactylon infesting cover crops with an automatic decision tree-OBIA procedure and UAV imagery for precision viticulture
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020Co-Authors: Ana Isabel De ,castro, Recasens Jordi, Torres-sánchez Jorge, Valencia-gredilla Francisco, Peña Barragán, José Manuel, Jiménez-brenes, Francisco Manuel, López-granados FranciscaAbstract:The establishment and management of cover crops are common practices widely used in irrigated viticulture around the world, as they bring great benefits not only to protect and improve the soil, but also to control vine vigor and improve the yield quality, among others. However, these benefits are often reduced when cover crops are infested by Cynodon Dactylon (bermudagrass), which impacts crop production due to its competition for water and nutrients and causes important economic losses for the winegrowers. Therefore, the discrimination of Cynodon Dactylon in cover crops would enable site-specific control to be applied and thus drastically mitigate damage to the vineyard. In this context, this research proposes a novel, automatic and robust image analysis algorithm for the quick and accurate mapping of Cynodon Dactylon growing in vineyard cover crops. The algorithm was developed using aerial images taken with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and combined decision tree (DT) and object-based image analysis (OBIA) approaches. The relevance of this work consisted in dealing with the constraint caused by the spectral similarity of these complex scenarios formed by vines, cover crops, Cynodon Dactylon, and bare soil. The incorporation of height information from the Digital Surface Model and several features selected by machine learning tools in the DT-OBIA algorithm solved this spectral similarity limitation and allowed the precise design of Cynodon Dactylon maps. Another contribution of this work is the short time needed to apply the full process from UAV flights to image analysis, which can enable useful maps to be created on demand (within two days of the farmer´s request) and is thus timely for controlling Cynodon Dactylon in the herbicide application window. Therefore, this combination of UAV imagery and a DT-OBIA algorithm would allow winegrowers to apply site-specific control of Cynodon Dactylon and maintain cover crop-based management systems and their consequent benefits in the vineyards, and also comply with the European legal framework for the sustainable use of agricultural inputs and implementation of integrated crop management.This research was partly financed by the AGL2017-83325-C4-4R, AGL2017-83325-C4-2R, AGL2017-83325-C4-1R (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and AEI/EU-FEDER funds) and the Intramural-CSIC projects (ref. 201840E002). Research of de Castro and F. Valencia-Gredilla were supported by the Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación Program and University of Lleida, respectively.Peer reviewe
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Mapping Cynodon Dactylon infesting cover crops with an automatic decision tree-OBIA procedure and UAV imagery for precision viticulture
MDPI, 2019Co-Authors: De Castro Ana, Peña, José M., Torres-sánchez Jorge, Jiménez-brenes, Francisco M., Valencia-gredilla Francisco, Recasens Guinjuan I Jordi, López-granados FranciscaAbstract:The establishment and management of cover crops are common practices widely used in irrigated viticulture around the world, as they bring great benefits not only to protect and improve the soil, but also to control vine vigor and improve the yield quality, among others. However, these benefits are often reduced when cover crops are infested by Cynodon Dactylon (bermudagrass), which impacts crop production due to its competition for water and nutrients and causes important economic losses for the winegrowers. Therefore, the discrimination of Cynodon Dactylon in cover crops would enable site-specific control to be applied and thus drastically mitigate damage to the vineyard. In this context, this research proposes a novel, automatic and robust image analysis algorithm for the quick and accurate mapping of Cynodon Dactylon growing in vineyard cover crops. The algorithm was developed using aerial images taken with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and combined decision tree (DT) and object-based image analysis (OBIA) approaches. The relevance of this work consisted in dealing with the constraint caused by the spectral similarity of these complex scenarios formed by vines, cover crops, Cynodon Dactylon, and bare soil. The incorporation of height information from the Digital Surface Model and several features selected by machine learning tools in the DT-OBIA algorithm solved this spectral similarity limitation and allowed the precise design of Cynodon Dactylon maps. Another contribution of this work is the short time needed to apply the full process from UAV flights to image analysis, which can enable useful maps to be created on demand (within two days of the farmer´s request) and is thus timely for controlling Cynodon Dactylon in the herbicide application window. Therefore, this combination of UAV imagery and a DT-OBIA algorithm would allow winegrowers to apply site-specific control of Cynodon Dactylon and maintain cover crop-based management systems and their consequent benefits in the vineyards, and also comply with the European legal framework for the sustainable use of agricultural inputs and implementation of integrated crop management
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Mapping Cynodon Dactylon infesting cover crops with an automatic decision tree-OBIA procedure and UAV imagery for precision viticulture
'MDPI AG', 2019Co-Authors: De Castro Ana, Peña, José M., Torres-sánchez Jorge, Jiménez-brenes, Francisco M., Valencia-gredilla Francisco, Recasens Guinjuan I Jordi, López-granados FranciscaAbstract:The establishment and management of cover crops are common practices widely used in irrigated viticulture around the world, as they bring great benefits not only to protect and improve the soil, but also to control vine vigor and improve the yield quality, among others. However, these benefits are often reduced when cover crops are infested by Cynodon Dactylon (bermudagrass), which impacts crop production due to its competition for water and nutrients and causes important economic losses for the winegrowers. Therefore, the discrimination of Cynodon Dactylon in cover crops would enable site-specific control to be applied and thus drastically mitigate damage to the vineyard. In this context, this research proposes a novel, automatic and robust image analysis algorithm for the quick and accurate mapping of Cynodon Dactylon growing in vineyard cover crops. The algorithm was developed using aerial images taken with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and combined decision tree (DT) and object-based image analysis (OBIA) approaches. The relevance of this work consisted in dealing with the constraint caused by the spectral similarity of these complex scenarios formed by vines, cover crops, Cynodon Dactylon, and bare soil. The incorporation of height information from the Digital Surface Model and several features selected by machine learning tools in the DT-OBIA algorithm solved this spectral similarity limitation and allowed the precise design of Cynodon Dactylon maps. Another contribution of this work is the short time needed to apply the full process from UAV flights to image analysis, which can enable useful maps to be created on demand (within two days of the farmer´s request) and is thus timely for controlling Cynodon Dactylon in the herbicide application window. Therefore, this combination of UAV imagery and a DT-OBIA algorithm would allow winegrowers to apply site-specific control of Cynodon Dactylon and maintain cover crop-based management systems and their consequent benefits in the vineyards, and also comply with the European legal framework for the sustainable use of agricultural inputs and implementation of integrated crop management.This research was partly financed by the AGL2017-83325-C4-4R, AGL2017-83325-C4-2R, AGL2017-83325-C4-1R (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and AEI/EU-FEDER funds) and the Intramural-CSIC projects (ref. 201840E002). Research of de Castro and F. Valencia-Gredilla were supported by the Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación Program and University of Lleida, respectivel
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Automatic UAV-based detection of Cynodon Dactylon for site-specific vineyard management
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2019Co-Authors: Jiménez-brenes, Francisco Manuel, Torres-sánchez Jorge, López-granados Francisca, Peña Barragán, José Manuel, Ramírez Pilar, Castillejo González, Isabel L., Ana Isabel De ,castroAbstract:The perennial and stoloniferous weed, Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers. (bermudagrass), is a serious problem in vineyards. The spectral similarity between bermudagrass and grapevines makes discrimination of the two species, based solely on spectral information from multi-band imaging sensor, unfeasible. However, that challenge can be overcome by use of object-based image analysis (OBIA) and ultra-high spatial resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images. This research aimed to automatically, accurately, and rapidly map bermudagrass and design maps for its management. Aerial images of two vineyards were captured using two multispectral cameras (RGB and RGNIR) attached to a UAV. First, spectral analysis was performed to select the optimum vegetation index (VI) for bermudagrass discrimination from bare soil. Then, the VI-based OBIA algorithm developed for each camera automatically mapped the grapevines, bermudagrass, and bare soil (accuracies greater than 97.7%). Finally, site-specific management maps were generated. Combining UAV imagery and a robust OBIA algorithm allowed the automatic mapping of bermudagrass. Analysis of the classified area made it possible to quantify grapevine growth and revealed expansion of bermudagrass infested areas. The generated bermudagrass maps could help farmers improve weed control through a well-programmed strategy. Therefore, the developed OBIA algorithm offers valuable geo-spatial information for designing site-specific bermudagrass management strategies leading farmers to potentially reduce herbicide use as well as optimize fuel, field operating time, and costs.This research was funded by the AGL2017-82335-C4-4R and AGL2017-83325-C4-1R projects (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and EU-FEDER funds). Research of AIDC was financed by the Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Program.Peer reviewe
Gregory K Breeden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors influencing dislodgeable 2 4 d plant residues from hybrid bermudagrass Cynodon Dactylon l x c transvaalensis athletic fields
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew D Jeffries, James T. Brosnan, Travis W Gannon, Khalied A Ahmed, Gregory K BreedenAbstract:Research to date has confirmed 2,4-D residues may dislodge from turfgrass; however, experiments have not been conducted on hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon Dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis), the most common athletic field turfgrass in subtropical climates. More specifically, previous research has not investigated the effect of post-application irrigation on dislodgeable 2,4-D residues from hybrid bermudagrass and across turfgrass species, research has been nondescript regarding sample time within a d (TWD) or conducted in the afternoon when the turfgrass canopy is dry, possibly underestimating potential for dislodgement. The effect of irrigation and TWD on 2,4-D dislodgeability was investigated. Dislodgeable 2,4-D amine was reduced > 300% following irrigation. From 2 to 7 d after treatment (DAT), ≤ 0.5% of applied 2,4-D was dislodged from irrigated turfgrass, while ≤ 2.3% of applied 2,4-D was dislodged when not irrigated. 2,4-D dislodgeability decreased as TWD increased. Dislodgeable 2,4-D residues declined to < 0.1% of the applied at 1 DAT- 13:00, and increased to 1 to 3% of the applied 2 DAT- 5:00, suggesting 2,4-D re-suspended on treated turfgrass vegetation overnight. In conclusion, irrigating treated turfgrass reduced dislodgeable 2,4-D. 2,4-D dislodgeability increased as TWD decreased, which was attributed to non-precipitation climatic conditions favoring turfgrass canopy wetness. This research will improve turfgrass management practices and research designed to minimize human 2,4-D exposure.
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bermudagrass Cynodon Dactylon control with topramezone and triclopyr
Weed Technology, 2013Co-Authors: James T. Brosnan, Gregory K BreedenAbstract:Abstract Common bermudagrass is a problematic weed within tall fescue turfgrass. Field research was conducted from 2010 to 2012 in Knoxville, TN, evaluating the efficacy of sequential applications of topramezone (12.5 and 25 g ha−1), triclopyr (1,120 g ha−1), and mixtures of topramezone + triclopyr for bermudagrass control in tall fescue turf. Sequential applications of fenoxaprop + triclopyr (100 + 1,120 g ha−1) were included for comparison. Three applications of each treatment were applied at 21-d intervals during July, August, and September of 2010 and 2011. Plots were stripped to receive tall fescue interseeding at 0 or 490 kg ha−1 during September 2010 and 2011. Bermudagrass control with topramezone + triclopyr mixtures was greater than topramezone or triclopyr applied alone 14 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) each year. In the second year of this study, topramezone + triclopyr mixtures controlled bermudagrass 27 to 50% compared to 27% for fenoxaprop + triclopyr by 52 WAIT. However, bermudagrass con...
