The Experts below are selected from a list of 19944 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marie Thiollet-scholtus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Typing winegrower profiles to ease agroecological change in Viticulture practices in the Loire Valley, France
Journal of Wine Research, 2020Co-Authors: Marie Thiollet-scholtus, Mark Arceño, Mateus Valduga, Francois SarrazinAbstract:Viticulture is a perennial agricultural system that is rooted in tradition but must also adapt to change (e.g. climate change, authorized rate of pesticide uses in the European Union). Viticulture includes a variety of practices whose objective is to produce wine grapes. To help Viticulture systems adapt to changes, both field Viticulture practices and value chain activities within winegrower networks must be considered. Here, we used socioeconomic and technical surveys to investigate these potential influences on winegrowers’ decision-making in regard to adapting to changes, so as to develop a typology of winegrowers in the Loire Valley, France. The surveys were conducted in 2010 with 37 winegrowers managing 56 fields. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use this method to quantify Viticulture networks. Our results showed that winegrowers within the same networks share similar behavioural patterns, with non-harvest Viticulture practices (e.g. vine density planting, number of buds) characterizing winegrower profiles. Further, our typology reveals viable options for changing practices in a manner that aligns with the sociocultural characteristics of each profile. Agricultural extension services can especially make use of this typology as a starting point to help winegrowers adapt to changes in a more personalized and successful way.
-
Inter-annual variability in the environmental performance of Viticulture technical management routes—a case study in the Middle Loire Valley (France)
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2019Co-Authors: Sandra Beauchet, Anthony Rouault, Marie Thiollet-scholtus, Marguerite Renouf, Frédérique Jourjon, Christel Renaud-gentiéAbstract:PurposeImproving the environmental performances of Viticulture practices is particularly complicated during unfavorable climatic conditions because of the need for fungal and other pest pressure and the variability of phytosanitary control methods available for winegrowers. However, winegrowers wish to improve the environmental performances of their practices regardless of climatic conditions. The objective of the study was to quantify the variability in environmental impacts due to climatic variations, and changes in Viticulture practices induced by climatic variability.MethodsLife cycle assessment was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of Viticulture technical management routes (TMR) implemented on five plots in the Loire Valley for the Chenin Blanc grape variety. These TMRs are representative of the range of practices used in the region, including intensive conventional practices to moderate organic practices. The study covered two different years of production (2011 and 2013) under contrasting climatic conditions. The first year (2011) was hot and dry, which are favorable conditions for Viticulture, while the second year (2013) was cold and humid, which are unfavorable conditions.Results and discussionDuring the unfavorable year, the number of phytosanitary treatments and soil maintenance interventions increased for most of the studied TMRs. This meant that the inter-annual variability in environmental impact was significant, depending on the type of TMR, with differences in impacts ranging from 19% to more than 40% between 2011 and 2013. Managing environmental impacts was found to be more difficult for the organic systems when climatic conditions are unfavorable (in 2013). The non-organic TMRs showed less variation in environmental impacts than the organic TMRs between the 2 years studied.ConclusionsThis study shows the importance of taking into account inter-annual variability in environmental assessments of Viticulture systems. Indeed, winegrowers do not respond the same way to climate variability mainly with regard to plant protection and soil maintenance. Viticulture is very sensitive to inter-annual climate variations due to the parasitic pressure variability. The different production systems do not give to winegrowers the same possibilities for adapting practices to limit their impact on the environment.
-
Evaluation de systèmes viticoles innovants sous fort cadre de contraintes
2015Co-Authors: Marie Thiollet-scholtus, Lionel Ley, Julie Grignion, Christian Bockstaller, Laurent Deliere, Dominique Forget, Raphael Metral, David LafondAbstract:Combining drastic reduction of inputs and high sensitivity of vine to pathogens implies re-designing Viticulture production systems. The newly designed systems then need to be assessed to be sure that they are sustainable and can be implemented by wine growers. A experimental network with 26 vine sites located in Atlantic coast, Mediterranean and in North-East of France, has been set up since 2012. Tested Viticulture systems of vine grape production are « Integrated Production », « Organic farming », « Zero fungicide » and « Zero pesticide ». Planting new vine varieties that are resistant to pathogens is under process in Alsace, Bordeaux and Loire vineyards. The methodology framework used to design and to assess the new systems is based on published work. Systems assessment deals with the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economic and also quality of vine and wine. A set of high set of constraints of the designed Viticulture systems is: economical sustainability combining to hard reduction of inputs and high quality of grapes and vines, according to Protected Designation of Origin. Quality and quantity vine plots assessment (i.e. yield, berries quality), diseases assessment (i.e. mildiew, oïdium, grey rot), economic assessment (i.e. gross margin) and environmental assessment (i.e. IFT and INDIGO® indicators) on different combinations of soil and climate, allow assessing and ranking the designed Viticulture systems. For instance, one organic system is efficient and reliable for quality and quantity of vine, economic and environmental indicators. The only margin for improvement deals with reducing even more cupper used for fungi management. To conclude, the tested designed systems are well assessed under a set of high set of constraints of French vineyards. Drastically monitoring reduction of inputs (i.e. pesticides and energy) is possible for several new designed Viticulture systems. In the next years, the extension of the network to more soil and climate combinations, will allow us to propose innovative robust Viticulture systems to winegrowers.
-
Evaluation globale des impacts environnementaux des itinéraires techniques viticoles par l'Analyse du Cycle de la Vie (ACV)
Revue suisse de Viticulture Arboriculture Horticulture, 2011Co-Authors: Christel Renaud, Marie Thiollet-scholtus, Marc Benoît, Frédérique JourjonAbstract:Tous les acteurs, du consommateur au législateur, imposent plus que jamais à la Viticulture de prendre en compte ses impacts environnementaux tout en produisant des vins de qualité. Après avoir présenté ces impacts, les auteurs exposent la méthode de l'Analyse du cycle de vie et en proposent une adaptation pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux de la Viticulture AOC dans le Val de Loire. Les limites du système étudié sont expliquées et le choix de l'unité fonctionnelle et son importance dans le cadre de la Viticulture sont discutés.
-
Évaluation des impacts environnementaux des itinéraires techniques viticoles de production de vins AOC en Val de Loire : Démarche d'adaptation de la méthode de l'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV)
2010Co-Authors: Christel Renaud, Marie Thiollet-scholtus, Marc Benoît, Frédérique JourjonAbstract:La société et l’état imposent plus que jamais à la Viticulture française de prendre en compte ses impacts environnementaux tout en produisant des vins de qualité. Après avoir présenté ces impacts, les auteurs exposent la méthode de l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie. Ils proposent une démarche pour sa mise au point pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux en Viticulture AOP en Val de Loire dans le cadre de l’évaluation de la compatibilité des objectifs qualitatifs et environnementaux de la production de raisins de cuve.
Christel Renaud-gentié - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Inter-annual variability in the environmental performance of Viticulture technical management routes—a case study in the Middle Loire Valley (France)
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2019Co-Authors: Sandra Beauchet, Anthony Rouault, Marie Thiollet-scholtus, Marguerite Renouf, Frédérique Jourjon, Christel Renaud-gentiéAbstract:PurposeImproving the environmental performances of Viticulture practices is particularly complicated during unfavorable climatic conditions because of the need for fungal and other pest pressure and the variability of phytosanitary control methods available for winegrowers. However, winegrowers wish to improve the environmental performances of their practices regardless of climatic conditions. The objective of the study was to quantify the variability in environmental impacts due to climatic variations, and changes in Viticulture practices induced by climatic variability.MethodsLife cycle assessment was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of Viticulture technical management routes (TMR) implemented on five plots in the Loire Valley for the Chenin Blanc grape variety. These TMRs are representative of the range of practices used in the region, including intensive conventional practices to moderate organic practices. The study covered two different years of production (2011 and 2013) under contrasting climatic conditions. The first year (2011) was hot and dry, which are favorable conditions for Viticulture, while the second year (2013) was cold and humid, which are unfavorable conditions.Results and discussionDuring the unfavorable year, the number of phytosanitary treatments and soil maintenance interventions increased for most of the studied TMRs. This meant that the inter-annual variability in environmental impact was significant, depending on the type of TMR, with differences in impacts ranging from 19% to more than 40% between 2011 and 2013. Managing environmental impacts was found to be more difficult for the organic systems when climatic conditions are unfavorable (in 2013). The non-organic TMRs showed less variation in environmental impacts than the organic TMRs between the 2 years studied.ConclusionsThis study shows the importance of taking into account inter-annual variability in environmental assessments of Viticulture systems. Indeed, winegrowers do not respond the same way to climate variability mainly with regard to plant protection and soil maintenance. Viticulture is very sensitive to inter-annual climate variations due to the parasitic pressure variability. The different production systems do not give to winegrowers the same possibilities for adapting practices to limit their impact on the environment.
-
Pesticide emission modelling and freshwater ecotoxicity assessment for Grapevine LCA: adaptation of PestLCI 2.0 to Viticulture
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Christel Renaud-gentié, Teunis J. Dijkman, Anders Bjørn, Morten BirkvedAbstract:Purpose Consumption of high quantities of pesticides in Viticulture emphasizes the importance of including pesticide emissions and impacts hereof in Viticulture LCAs. This paper addresses the lack of inventory models and characterization factors suited for the quantification of emissions and ecotoxicological impacts of pesticides applied to Viticulture. The paper presents (i) a tailored version of PestLCI 2.0, (ii) corresponding characterization factors for freshwater ecotoxicity characterization and (iii) result comparison with other inventory approaches. The purpose of this paper is hence to present a Viticulture customized version of PestLCI 2.0 and illustrate the application of this customized version on a Viticulture case study. Methods The customization of the PestLCI 2.0 model for Viticulture includes (i) addition of 29 pesticide active ingredients commonly used in vineyards, (ii) addition of 9 Viticulture type specific spraying equipment and accounting the number of rows treated in one pass, and (iii) accounting for mixed canopy (vine/cover crop) pesticide interception. Applying USEtox™, the PestLCI 2.0 customization is further supported by the calculation of freshwater ecotoxicity characterization factors for active ingredients relevant for Viticulture. Case studies on three different vineyard technical management routes illustrate the application of the inventory model. The inventory and freshwater ecotoxicity results are compared to two existing simplified emission modelling approaches. Results and discussion The assessment results show considerably different emission fractions, quantities emitted and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts between the different active ingredient applications. Three out of 21 active ingredients dominate the overall freshwater ecotoxicity: Aclonifen, Fluopicolide and Cymoxanil. The comparison with two simplified emission modelling approaches, considering field soil and air as part of the ecosphere, shows that PestLCI 2.0 yields considerable lower emissions and, consequently, lower freshwater ecotoxicity. The sensitivity analyses reveal the importance of soil and climate characteristics, canopies (vine and cover crop) development and sprayer type on the emission results. These parameters should therefore be obtained with site-specific data, while literature or generic data that are acceptable inputs for parameters whose uncertainties have less influence on the result. Conclusions Important specificities of Viticulture have been added to the state-of-the-art inventory model PestLCI 2.0. They cover vertically trained vineyards, the most common vineyard training form; they are relevant for other perennial or bush crops provided equipment, shape of the canopy and pesticide active ingredients stay in the range of available options. A similar and compatible model is needed for inorganic pesticide active ingredients emission quantification, especially for organic Viticulture impacts accounting.
-
Pesticide emission modelling and freshwater ecotoxicity assessment for Grapevine LCA: adaptation of PestLCI 2.0 to Viticulture
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Christel Renaud-gentié, Teunis J. Dijkman, Anders Bjørn, Morten BirkvedAbstract:Purpose Consumption of high quantities of pesticides in Viticulture emphasizes the importance of including pesticide emissions and impacts hereof in Viticulture LCAs. This paper addresses the lack of inventory models and characterization factors suited for the quantification of emissions and ecotoxicological impacts of pesticides applied to Viticulture. The paper presents (i) a tailored version of PestLCI 2.0, (ii) corresponding characterization factors for freshwater ecotoxicity characterization and (iii) result comparison with other inventory approaches. The purpose of this paper is hence to present a Viticulture customized version of PestLCI 2.0 and illustrate the application of this customized version on a Viticulture case study.
Mymoena Londt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
library guides biblioteekgidse Viticulture and oenology institute for wine biotechnology home
2012Co-Authors: Mymoena LondtAbstract:Library guides / Biblioteekgidse. Viticulture and Oenology & Institute for Wine Biotechnology. Home.
-
Library guides / Biblioteekgidse. Viticulture and Oenology & Institute for Wine Biotechnology. Home.
2012Co-Authors: Mymoena LondtAbstract:Library guides / Biblioteekgidse. Viticulture and Oenology & Institute for Wine Biotechnology. Home.
Christi G. Townsend - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Viticulture in Texas: the challenge of natural hazards
Journal of Wine Research, 2014Co-Authors: Christi G. Townsend, Edward W. HellmanAbstract:Natural hazards present a ubiquitous challenge to the successful practice of Viticulture. This article reports on the results of a research study conducted to ascertain the effects of natural hazards on Viticulture in Texas. It examines the locational differences in the types of natural hazards that affect Viticulture, as well as differences in mitigation techniques used by growers in different parts of the state. Results from an online survey indicate that most crop losses in Texas occurred as a result of multiple hazards having a cumulative effect over time. Analyses of survey data also show that viticultural crop loss as a result of one or a combination of natural hazards appears to affect Texas growers almost equally, regardless of prior professional experience (agricultural or non-agricultural) or whether a grower retains crop insurance. A thorough understanding of the types of hazards that may impact Viticulture in Texas, along with the types of mitigation measures that are employed to combat those ...
-
Viticulture and the Role of Geomorphology: General Principles and Case Studies
Geography Compass, 2011Co-Authors: Christi G. TownsendAbstract:Viticulture, the agriculture of grape growing, is a unique geographical expression of agriculture as it is often practiced in areas deemed unsuitable for most other types of agriculture. A thorough understanding of the physical landscape is essential to the development and maintenance of a vineyard as soils, geology, and geomorphology are variables that play a significant role in the successful cultivation of grapes. Geographers have a long history of exploring the importance of the physical geographic attributes of particular growing regions in Viticulture, however few have endeavored to explore the relationship between geomorphology and Viticulture. The broad purpose of this paper is to explore Viticulture both as an anthropogeomorphic agent and the reverse impact of the geomorphic landscape on Viticulture. Three geographically distinct wine growing regions in the Northern Hemisphere are examined: The Texas Hill Country viticultural area located west of Austin, Texas; the Napa Valley viticultural area in northwestern California; and the Valais, Switzerland viticultural area. Of the geomorphic processes at work in these viticultural areas, the construction of hillslope terraces is perhaps the most intense expression of anthropogeomorphology on the viticultural landscape. The geomorphic influences at work on the viticultural landscape are many and varied; as such there is ample opportunity for further research on this topic.
Frédérique Jourjon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Inter-annual variability in the environmental performance of Viticulture technical management routes—a case study in the Middle Loire Valley (France)
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2019Co-Authors: Sandra Beauchet, Anthony Rouault, Marie Thiollet-scholtus, Marguerite Renouf, Frédérique Jourjon, Christel Renaud-gentiéAbstract:PurposeImproving the environmental performances of Viticulture practices is particularly complicated during unfavorable climatic conditions because of the need for fungal and other pest pressure and the variability of phytosanitary control methods available for winegrowers. However, winegrowers wish to improve the environmental performances of their practices regardless of climatic conditions. The objective of the study was to quantify the variability in environmental impacts due to climatic variations, and changes in Viticulture practices induced by climatic variability.MethodsLife cycle assessment was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of Viticulture technical management routes (TMR) implemented on five plots in the Loire Valley for the Chenin Blanc grape variety. These TMRs are representative of the range of practices used in the region, including intensive conventional practices to moderate organic practices. The study covered two different years of production (2011 and 2013) under contrasting climatic conditions. The first year (2011) was hot and dry, which are favorable conditions for Viticulture, while the second year (2013) was cold and humid, which are unfavorable conditions.Results and discussionDuring the unfavorable year, the number of phytosanitary treatments and soil maintenance interventions increased for most of the studied TMRs. This meant that the inter-annual variability in environmental impact was significant, depending on the type of TMR, with differences in impacts ranging from 19% to more than 40% between 2011 and 2013. Managing environmental impacts was found to be more difficult for the organic systems when climatic conditions are unfavorable (in 2013). The non-organic TMRs showed less variation in environmental impacts than the organic TMRs between the 2 years studied.ConclusionsThis study shows the importance of taking into account inter-annual variability in environmental assessments of Viticulture systems. Indeed, winegrowers do not respond the same way to climate variability mainly with regard to plant protection and soil maintenance. Viticulture is very sensitive to inter-annual climate variations due to the parasitic pressure variability. The different production systems do not give to winegrowers the same possibilities for adapting practices to limit their impact on the environment.
-
Evaluation globale des impacts environnementaux des itinéraires techniques viticoles par l'Analyse du Cycle de la Vie (ACV)
Revue suisse de Viticulture Arboriculture Horticulture, 2011Co-Authors: Christel Renaud, Marie Thiollet-scholtus, Marc Benoît, Frédérique JourjonAbstract:Tous les acteurs, du consommateur au législateur, imposent plus que jamais à la Viticulture de prendre en compte ses impacts environnementaux tout en produisant des vins de qualité. Après avoir présenté ces impacts, les auteurs exposent la méthode de l'Analyse du cycle de vie et en proposent une adaptation pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux de la Viticulture AOC dans le Val de Loire. Les limites du système étudié sont expliquées et le choix de l'unité fonctionnelle et son importance dans le cadre de la Viticulture sont discutés.
-
Évaluation des impacts environnementaux des itinéraires techniques viticoles de production de vins AOC en Val de Loire : Démarche d'adaptation de la méthode de l'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV)
2010Co-Authors: Christel Renaud, Marie Thiollet-scholtus, Marc Benoît, Frédérique JourjonAbstract:La société et l’état imposent plus que jamais à la Viticulture française de prendre en compte ses impacts environnementaux tout en produisant des vins de qualité. Après avoir présenté ces impacts, les auteurs exposent la méthode de l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie. Ils proposent une démarche pour sa mise au point pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux en Viticulture AOP en Val de Loire dans le cadre de l’évaluation de la compatibilité des objectifs qualitatifs et environnementaux de la production de raisins de cuve.
