The Experts below are selected from a list of 5091 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard L. Mayden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Phylogenetic relationships of Cypriniformes and plasticity of pharyngeal teeth in the adaptive radiation of cyprinids
Science China. Life sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Wenjing Tao, Lei Yang, Richard L. MaydenAbstract:The Cypriniformes comprise approximately 4,200 species accounting for 25% of the diversity of all freshwater fish, which is widely distributed across the world's continents except Antarctica, South America, and Australia. The highest species diversity is found in Southeastern Asia. Despite its remarkable species diversity and broad-scale geographic patterns of distribution, the evolutionary history of this major freshwater fish group remains largely unresolved. To gain insight of the evolutionary history of Cypriniformes, we present a phylogeny of this group using 1 mitochondrial gene and 15 nuclear genes comprising a total of 14,061 bp. Bayesian inference using all gene fragments yielded a well resolved phylogeny, which is mostly consistent with topologies obtained from Maximum Likelihood analyses. Our results further confirmed the monophyly of Cypriniformes and seven constituent subclades including Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Gyrinocheilidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Nemacheilidae, and Botiidae. Bayesian divergence time analysis indicated that the origin of the Cypriniformes was about 193 Mya during the early Jurassic, coinciding with the onset of the Pangaea breakup. The basal divergence of Cypriniformes is 154 Mya during the late Jurassic. Our findings from molecular divergence and biogeographical analysis indicate the most likely initial geographical range of the ancient Cypriniformes was both East and South Asia (Southeastern area of Mesozoic Laurasia). Moreover, the burst in species diversity in Cyprinidae afforded by the nearly worldwide colonization is possibly in response to the plasticity of pharyngeal dentition. The present study demonstrates that the Cypriniformes was about 193 Mya during the early Jurassic, coinciding with the onset of the Pangaea breakup. The plasticity of pharyngeal dentition of cyprinids might contribute to the burst and radiation of this lineage. The phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses in this study help to improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of this diverse and important freshwater fish group.
-
Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei).
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Susana Schönhuth, Lei Yang, Jasna Vukić, Radek Šanda, Richard L. MaydenAbstract:Abstract The phylogenetic relationships and classification of the freshwater fish order Cypriniformes, like many other species-rich groups of vertebrates, has evolved over time with some consistency and inconsistencies of relationships across various studies. Within Cypriniformes, the Holarctic family Leuciscidae is one of the most widely distributed and highly diverse monophyletic groups of cyprinoids. Despite several studies conducted on this group, alternative hypotheses exist as to the composition and relationships within Leuciscidae. Here we assess the extent, composition, phylogenetic relationships, and taxonomy of this highly diverse group of fishes, using multiple mitochondrial and nuclear loci and a comprehensive and dense taxonomic sampling. Analyses of 418 specimens (410 species) resolve a well-supported Leuciscidae including 362 specimens (358 taxa) in six well-supported subfamilies/major clades: Pseudaspininae/Far East Asian clade (FEA); Laviniinae/North American Western clade (WC); Plagopterinae/North American Creek Chub-Plagopterin clade (CC-P); Leuciscinae/Eurasian Old World clade (OW) (minus Phoxinus) plus North American Notemigonus; Phoxininae/Eurasian Phoxinus clade (PHX); and Pogonichthyinae/North American clade (NA) including all remaining leuciscids. Within Leuciscidae, neither the traditional phoxinins (Phoxinus, FEA, Nearctic genera) nor all Nearctic genera (minus Notemigonus) are resolved as monophyletic; whereas the WC and CC-P form two independent lineages from remaining North American cyprinoids. A close relationship exists between Eurasian Phoxinus, NA, and OW clades, while FEA is the sister group to all remaining Leuciscidae. Major lineages resolved within these six subfamilies are mostly congruent with some previous studies. Our results suggests a complex evolutionary history of this diverse and widespread group of fishes.
-
Cypriniformes of Borneo (Actinopterygii, Otophysi): An Extraordinary Fauna for Integrated Studies on Diversity, Systematics, Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation
Zootaxa, 2012Co-Authors: Zohrah Sulaiman, Richard L. MaydenAbstract:Borneo Island is governed by the countries of Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Indonesia(Kalimantan) and is part of Sundaland. These countries have a high diversity of freshwater fishes, especially describedand undescribed species of Cypriniformes; together these species and other flora and fauna represent an extraordinaryopportunity for worldwide collaboration to investigate the biodiversity, conservation, management and evolution ofBorneo’s wildlife. Much of the fauna and flora of Borneo is under significant threat, warranting an immediate and swiftinternational collaboration to rapidly inventory, describe, and conserve the diversity. The Sunda drainage appears to havebeen an important evolutionary centre for many fish groups, including cypriniforms (Cyprinidae, Balitoridae andGyrinocheilidae); however, Northwestern Borneo (Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak) is not connected to Sundaland, and thisdisjunction likely explains the non-homogeneity of Bornean ichthyofauna. A previous study confirmed that northernBorneo, eastern Borneo and Sarawak shared a similar ichthyofauna, findings that support the general hypothesis forfreshwater connections at one time between western Borneo and central Sumatra, and south Borneo and Java island.Borneo is drained by five major rivers: (1) Rajang and Baram rivers in Sarawak, and (2) Kapuas, Mahakam and Baritorivers in Kalimantan. The Cypriniformes is the most diverse clade in Borneo, and it is represented by at least 285 speciesin 55 genera and eight major clades (Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Cyprinidae, Gyrinocheilidae, Leptobarbidae, rasborines,cultrines and Paedocyprididae); at least 147 (52%) of these species are endemic to the incredibly diverse habitats ofBorneo. Most fish faunal studies in Borneo have involved inventory and discovery; however, none to date have focusedtheir efforts on the great biodiversity and systematics of Cypriniformes. In this paper we briefly discuss the generalbiodiversity of cypriniforms in Borneo, including recent revisions to the classification of the order through theCypriniformes Tree of Life and Planetary Biodiversity Inventory efforts supported by the USA NSF basic scienceinitiatives, in conjunction with researchers in countries of Borneo. It is our hope that this particular summary willgalvanize individuals to increase worldwide collaborative and integrated efforts on the biodiversity of Cypriniformes,and incite lively discussions among a broad array of interested parties, including those involved in the recent and critically important “Heart of Borneo” initiative funded by all these countries and some NGOs.
-
evidence from mitochondrial genomics supports the lower mesozoic of south asia as the time and place of basal divergence of cypriniform fishes actinopterygii ostariophysi
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011Co-Authors: Kenji Saitoh, Richard L. Mayden, Tetsuya Sado, Michael H Doosey, Henry L Bart, Jun G Inoue, Mutsumi Nishida, Masaki MiyaAbstract:We analysed mitochondrial genomic sequences under maximum likelihood (ML) criteria to explore phylogenetic relationships, and performed historical biogeography analysis with divergence time estimation for fishes of Order Cypriniformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi). We added mitogenomes for eight new cypriniforms and one outgroup to a data set comprising 53 and six outgroup mitogenomes from a previous study to make our taxon sampling geographically representative. The ML tree reconfirmed monophyly of four basal cypriniform clades (cyprinids, catostomids, gyrinocheilids, and loaches including balitorids and cobitids). It also recovered 18 monophyletic groups largely equivalent to the subfamilial rank, and resolved interrelationships among most of these subfamilial clades. However, lower bootstrap support for the ML tree and higher approximately unbiased (au) probabilities for alternative topologies around some branches indicated problems that still need to be resolved. Historical taxon biogeography by dispersal-vicariance analysis, a parsimonious reconstruction of past ranges, and gain-loss ratio analysis at the subfamilial level, identified the geographical region of basal cypriniform divergence as southern Asia. Bayesian divergence time analysis dated the basal otophysan split, which gave birth to Order Cypriniformes, to the late Triassic around 219.5 Mya. The basal cypriniform divergence took place during the late Jurassic around 155.9 Mya. These dates coincide with the onset and completion, respectively, of the Pangaean breakup. Taking biogeographical analysis and node dating into account, we consider the most likely candidate for the initial geographical range of Order Cypriniformes to be the south-eastern area of Mesozoic Laurasia (present-day southern Asia, excluding the Indian subcontinent). We also briefly discuss ecological implications of the group's divergence. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161, 633–662.
-
the world s smallest vertebrate species of the genus paedocypris a new family of freshwater fishes and the sister group to the world s most diverse clade of freshwater fishes teleostei Cypriniformes
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010Co-Authors: Richard L. Mayden, Wei-jen ChenAbstract:The genus Paedocypris has only recently been discovered and described and includes three species, all of which are miniature species and one, P. progenetica, is the smallest vertebrate species. Two previous studies investigating relationships of Paedocypris, based on either cytochrome b or morphology, placed the genus with Sundadanio and Danionella, two genera with miniature species in the formerly recognized family Cyprinidae. Our investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of Paedocypris using six nuclear genes and a broad survey of taxa in major lineages of the Cypriniformes identifies Paedocypris as a monophyletic group and the basal sister group to all Cypriniformes, not a species of the formerly recognized family Cyprinidae. These new relationships are also supported by previously proposed morphological characters but reinterpreted relative to ontogenetic hypotheses and outgroup comparisons used to determine synapomorphies. Miniaturization has occurred independently multiple times in the order, but mostly in the Rasborine Clade. Consequently, the hypothesis of a shared ancestral developmental truncation of multiple morphological features in genera with miniature species is rejected. While strong evidence exists for the new phylogenetic placement of Paedocypris as the sister group to the most diverse clade of freshwater fishes attempts to theorize more broadly as to evolutionary processes of miniaturization would be premature without more complete taxon sampling. Accompanying growing consistency of phylogenetic evidence of relationships in the Cypriniformes has come the consistent support of major clades within the previously recognized family Cyprinidae now recognized as a series of separate families, rendering the former Cyprinidae equivalent to Cyprinoidea. The revised family Cyprinidae includes species of the former subfamily Cyprininae, sister to Psilorhynchidae. The former subfamilies of Cyprininae, Acheilognathinae, Leuciscinae, and Gobioninae are elevated to families, and in keeping with consistency between phylogenetic relationships and classification the families Leptobarbidae and Tincidae are now recognized and the new families Tanichthyidae and Sundadanionidae are described. Paedocypris is recognized in a new superfamily, Paedocypridoidea, and family, Paedocyprididae.
Wei-jen Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the world s smallest vertebrate species of the genus paedocypris a new family of freshwater fishes and the sister group to the world s most diverse clade of freshwater fishes teleostei Cypriniformes
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010Co-Authors: Richard L. Mayden, Wei-jen ChenAbstract:The genus Paedocypris has only recently been discovered and described and includes three species, all of which are miniature species and one, P. progenetica, is the smallest vertebrate species. Two previous studies investigating relationships of Paedocypris, based on either cytochrome b or morphology, placed the genus with Sundadanio and Danionella, two genera with miniature species in the formerly recognized family Cyprinidae. Our investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of Paedocypris using six nuclear genes and a broad survey of taxa in major lineages of the Cypriniformes identifies Paedocypris as a monophyletic group and the basal sister group to all Cypriniformes, not a species of the formerly recognized family Cyprinidae. These new relationships are also supported by previously proposed morphological characters but reinterpreted relative to ontogenetic hypotheses and outgroup comparisons used to determine synapomorphies. Miniaturization has occurred independently multiple times in the order, but mostly in the Rasborine Clade. Consequently, the hypothesis of a shared ancestral developmental truncation of multiple morphological features in genera with miniature species is rejected. While strong evidence exists for the new phylogenetic placement of Paedocypris as the sister group to the most diverse clade of freshwater fishes attempts to theorize more broadly as to evolutionary processes of miniaturization would be premature without more complete taxon sampling. Accompanying growing consistency of phylogenetic evidence of relationships in the Cypriniformes has come the consistent support of major clades within the previously recognized family Cyprinidae now recognized as a series of separate families, rendering the former Cyprinidae equivalent to Cyprinoidea. The revised family Cyprinidae includes species of the former subfamily Cyprininae, sister to Psilorhynchidae. The former subfamilies of Cyprininae, Acheilognathinae, Leuciscinae, and Gobioninae are elevated to families, and in keeping with consistency between phylogenetic relationships and classification the families Leptobarbidae and Tincidae are now recognized and the new families Tanichthyidae and Sundadanionidae are described. Paedocypris is recognized in a new superfamily, Paedocypridoidea, and family, Paedocyprididae.
-
The world’s smallest vertebrate species of the genus Paedocypris: A new family of freshwater fishes and the sister group to the world’s most diverse clade of freshwater fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2010Co-Authors: Richard L. Mayden, Wei-jen ChenAbstract:The genus Paedocypris has only recently been discovered and described and includes three species, all of which are miniature species and one, P. progenetica, is the smallest vertebrate species. Two previous studies investigating relationships of Paedocypris, based on either cytochrome b or morphology, placed the genus with Sundadanio and Danionella, two genera with miniature species in the formerly recognized family Cyprinidae. Our investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of Paedocypris using six nuclear genes and a broad survey of taxa in major lineages of the Cypriniformes identifies Paedocypris as a monophyletic group and the basal sister group to all Cypriniformes, not a species of the formerly recognized family Cyprinidae. These new relationships are also supported by previously proposed morphological characters but reinterpreted relative to ontogenetic hypotheses and outgroup comparisons used to determine synapomorphies. Miniaturization has occurred independently multiple times in the order, but mostly in the Rasborine Clade. Consequently, the hypothesis of a shared ancestral developmental truncation of multiple morphological features in genera with miniature species is rejected. While strong evidence exists for the new phylogenetic placement of Paedocypris as the sister group to the most diverse clade of freshwater fishes attempts to theorize more broadly as to evolutionary processes of miniaturization would be premature without more complete taxon sampling. Accompanying growing consistency of phylogenetic evidence of relationships in the Cypriniformes has come the consistent support of major clades within the previously recognized family Cyprinidae now recognized as a series of separate families, rendering the former Cyprinidae equivalent to Cyprinoidea. The revised family Cyprinidae includes species of the former subfamily Cyprininae, sister to Psilorhynchidae. The former subfamilies of Cyprininae, Acheilognathinae, Leuciscinae, and Gobioninae are elevated to families, and in keeping with consistency between phylogenetic relationships and classification the families Leptobarbidae and Tincidae are now recognized and the new families Tanichthyidae and Sundadanionidae are described. Paedocypris is recognized in a new superfamily, Paedocypridoidea, and family, Paedocyprididae.
-
Molecular phylogeny of the Cobitoidea (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) revisited: position of enigmatic loach Ellopostoma resolved with six nuclear genes.
Journal of fish biology, 2009Co-Authors: Wei-jen Chen, Vachira Lheknim, Richard L. MaydenAbstract:Molecular variation in six nuclear genes provides substantive phylogenetic evidence for the recognition of a new cypriniform family, the Ellopostomatidae, to include the enigmatic Southern Asia loach genus Ellopostoma. The current six loach families form a monophyletic group, with the Nemacheilidae as the sister group to Ellopostomatidae; Vaillantellidae forms the sister group to all families exclusive of Botiidae. While the superfamily Cobitoidea includes eight families, the monophyly of this large clade within the Cypriniformes remains a vexing problem despite extensive molecular analyses and is in need of further investigation.
-
Inferring the Tree of Life of the order Cypriniformes, the earth＇s most diverse clade of freshwater fishes： Implications of varied taxon and character sampling
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2008Co-Authors: Richard L. Mayden, Kevin W Conway, Lei Yang, Wei-jen Chen, Kevin L. Tang, Robert M. Wood, Mary K. Agnew, Andrew M. Simons, Henry L., Phillip M. HarrisAbstract:The phylogenetic relationships of species are fundamental to any biological investigation, including all evolutionary studies. Accurate inferences of sister group relationships provide the researcher with an historical framework within which the attributes or geographic origin of species (or supraspecific groups) evolved. Taken out of this phylogenetic context, interpretations of evolutionary processes or origins, geographic distributions, or speciation rates and mechanisms, are subject to nothing less than a biological experiment without controls. Cypriniformes is the most diverse clade of freshwater fishes with estimates of diversity of nearly 3,500 species. These fishes display an amazing array of morphological, ecological, behavioral, and geographic diversity and offer a tremendous opportunity to enhance our understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors associated with diversification and adaptation to environments. Given the nearly global distribution of these fishes, they serve as an important model group for a plethora of biological investigations, including indicator species for future cli- matic changes. The occurrence of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, in this order makes this clade a critical component in understanding and predicting the relationship between mutagenesis and phenotypic expressions in vertebrates, including humans. With the tremendous diversity in Cypriniformes, our understanding of their phylogenetic relationships has not proceeded at an acceptable rate, despite a plethora of morphological and more recent mo- lecular studies. Most studies are pre-Hennigian in origin or include relatively small numbers of taxa. Given that analyses of small numbers of taxa for molecular characters can be compromised by peculiarities of long-branch attraction and nodal-density effect, it is critical that significant progress in our understanding of the relationships of these important fishes occurs with increasing sampling of species to mitigate these potential problems. The recent Cypriniformes Tree of Life initiative is an effort to achieve this goal with morphological and molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear) data. In this early synthesis of our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of these fishes, all types of data have contributed historically to improving our understanding, but not all analyses are complementary in taxon sampling, thus precluding direct understanding of the impact of taxon sampling on achieving accurate phylogenetic inferences. However, recent molecular studies do provide some insight and in some instances taxon sampling can be implicated as a variable that can influence sister group relationships. Other instances may also exist but without inclusion of more taxa for both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, one cannot distinguish between inferences being dictated by taxon sampling or the origins of the molecular data.
-
inferring the tree of life of the order Cypriniformes the earth s most diverse clade of freshwater fishes implications of varied taxon and character sampling
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2008Co-Authors: Richard L. Mayden, Kevin W Conway, Henry L Bart, Lei Yang, Wei-jen Chen, Kevin L. Tang, Robert M. Wood, Mary K. Agnew, Andrew M. Simons, Phillip M. HarrisAbstract:The phylogenetic relationships of species are fundamental to any biological investigation, including all evolutionary studies. Accurate inferences of sister group relationships provide the researcher with an historical framework within which the attributes or geographic origin of species (or supraspecific groups) evolved. Taken out of this phylogenetic context, interpretations of evolutionary processes or origins, geographic distributions, or speciation rates and mechanisms, are subject to nothing less than a biological experiment without controls. Cypriniformes is the most diverse clade of freshwater fishes with estimates of diversity of nearly 3,500 species. These fishes display an amazing array of morphological, ecological, behavioral, and geographic diversity and offer a tremendous opportunity to enhance our understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors associated with diversification and adaptation to environments. Given the nearly global distribution of these fishes, they serve as an important model group for a plethora of biological investigations, including indicator species for future cli- matic changes. The occurrence of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, in this order makes this clade a critical component in understanding and predicting the relationship between mutagenesis and phenotypic expressions in vertebrates, including humans. With the tremendous diversity in Cypriniformes, our understanding of their phylogenetic relationships has not proceeded at an acceptable rate, despite a plethora of morphological and more recent mo- lecular studies. Most studies are pre-Hennigian in origin or include relatively small numbers of taxa. Given that analyses of small numbers of taxa for molecular characters can be compromised by peculiarities of long-branch attraction and nodal-density effect, it is critical that significant progress in our understanding of the relationships of these important fishes occurs with increasing sampling of species to mitigate these potential problems. The recent Cypriniformes Tree of Life initiative is an effort to achieve this goal with morphological and molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear) data. In this early synthesis of our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of these fishes, all types of data have contributed historically to improving our understanding, but not all analyses are complementary in taxon sampling, thus precluding direct understanding of the impact of taxon sampling on achieving accurate phylogenetic inferences. However, recent molecular studies do provide some insight and in some instances taxon sampling can be implicated as a variable that can influence sister group relationships. Other instances may also exist but without inclusion of more taxa for both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, one cannot distinguish between inferences being dictated by taxon sampling or the origins of the molecular data.
Kevin W Conway - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Miniatures, morphology and molecules: Paedocypris and its phylogenetic position (Teleostei, Cypriniformes)
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014Co-Authors: Ralf Britz, Kevin W Conway, Lukas RüberAbstract:We review the morphological and molecular evidence that Mayden & Chen recently used to infer that the developmentally truncated fish genus Paedocypris is not a member of the teleost order Cypriniformes or carp-like fishes, but is ‘the basal sister group to all Cypriniformes’. This hypothesis contradicts several previous studies that used molecular sequence data or morphological characters. A review of the morphological characters that Mayden & Chen discussed and mapped onto their ‘simplified tree’ shows that these, analysed alone, rather support a close relationship of the cyprinids Sundadanio, Danionella, and Paedocypris. We also present four additional analyses of morphological data, which all contradict Mayden & Chen's result. Despite its highly reductive skeleton, posing a serious problem when analysing its phylogenetic position with skeletal characters, the presence in Paedocypris of the basioccipital masticatory plate is compelling evidence that it is a member of the Cyprinoidei (Cyprinidae plus Psilorhynchidae). Our reanalysis and exploration of their molecular sequence data shows that only a single gene, EGR3, of the six nuclear genes analysed by Mayden & Chen, is responsible for the position of Paedocypris as ‘the basal sister group to all Cypriniformes’. Three independent methods to visualize and analyse phylogenetic signal and conflict of data sets (phylogenetic networks, splits analysis methods or SAMS, and site-wise likelihood analyses) reveal a high level of character conflict and noise in Mayden & Chen's data set. The ‘basal’ position of Paedocypris seems to be the outcome of the interplay of two long-branch effects. We apply the same analytical methods to the data set from Ruber et al.'s molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of Paedocypris and discuss our findings. We conclude that none of the molecular data sets compiled to date can establish the phylogenetic position of Paedocypris with confidence. Morphological data suggest that Paedocypris and Danionella are sister genera, and that their closest relative is Sundadanio, although the position of these three miniatures among cyprinoids is still unclear. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London
-
Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012Co-Authors: Kevin W ConwayAbstract:Members of the genus Psilorhynchus are small benthic fishes, commonly referred to as torrent minnows, which inhabit the fast to swift flowing water bodies of the Indo-Burma region and the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. Despite being described scientifically in the mid 18th century, the morphology of Psilorhynchus remains poorly known and its phylogenetic placement within the order Cypriniformes is a matter of considerable debate. In this paper the osteology of Psilorhynchus sucatio is described and illustrated in detail. Notes and/or illustrations on the osteology of 12 other species of Psilorhynchus are also provided for the first time. A phylogenetic investigation of the position of Psilorhynchus within the order Cypriniformes is also conducted. Analysis of 127 morphological characters scored for 52 ingroup taxa (including 12 species of Psilorhynchus) and four outgroup taxa resulted in 14 equally parsimonious cladograms (287 steps long; consitency index, CI = 0.48; retention index, RI = 0.88). Psilorhynchus is recovered as the sister group to the family Cyprinidae, and is regarded as a member of the superfamily Cyprinoidea, which forms the sister group to the Cobitoidea (including all other cypriniform families). The sistergroup relationship between Psilorhynchus and Cyprinidae is supported by eight derived characters (five of which are homoplastic within the order Cypriniformes). The monophyly of Psilorhynchus is supported by 16 derived characters (eight of which are homoplastic within Cypriniformes). Three species groups of Psilorhynchus are proposed, the Psilorhynchus balitora group (including P. amplicephalus, P. balitora, P. breviminor, P. nepalensis, P. rahmani, P. pavimentatus, and P. brachyrhynchus), the Psilorhynchus gracilis group (including P. gracilis, P. melissa, P. robustus, and P. tenura), and the Psilorhynchus homaloptera group (including P. arunachalensis, P. homaloptera, P. microphthalmus, and P. pseudecheneis). The continued use of the family group name Psilorhynchidae is recommended. Comments on the interrelationships of the Cypriniformes are also provided. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011.
-
Additions to “The Cypriniformes Tree of Confusion”
Zootaxa, 2011Co-Authors: Ralf Britz, Kevin W ConwayAbstract:Since the acceptance of our paper (Britz & Conway 2011), two publications have appeared that have relevance to the topic discussed and need to be mentioned. Mabee et al. (2011) is the first morphological phylogenetic analysis produced by the Cypriniformes Tree of Life project and covers 62 characters from gill arch, and hyoid osteology in 53 cypriniform taxa. Tang et al.’s (2011) molecular analysis of the cyprinid subfamily Gobioninae also included the three miniature taxa Sundadanio , Paedocypris and Danionella and was based on two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. Their parsimony analysis recovered all three taxa in the cyprinid subfamily Danioninae, with Paedocypris and Danionella as sister groups, with this clade forming the sister group to a clade comprising Sundadanio and Esomus . Their maximum likelihood analysis confirmed their placement in danionines and found Paedocypris as the sister group to Sundadanio , and Danionella as the sister group of Danio rerio , Devario auropurpureus and Microrasbora rubescens . Their partitioned Bayesian analysis, however, recovered Sundadanio as the sister group of Leptobarbus , Danionella as the sister group to Danio , Devario and Microrasbora , and Paedocypris as the sister group to all other Cypriniformes, as did Mayden & Chen (2010). This remarkable difference in the position of the three taxa between the different trees was not even mentioned or discussed except in the brief remark relating only to Paedocypris (p. 11): “The Bayesian results agree on a monophyletic Cypriniformes, but recover a putative cyprinid ( Paedocypris ) as the sister group to all other cypriniform fishes.”
-
gill filament ossifications a possible morphological synapomorphy uniting the families balitoridae and cobitidae ostariophysi Cypriniformes
Journal of Fish Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Kevin W Conway, Richard L. MaydenAbstract:Ossifications associated with the gill filaments of members of the Balitoridae and Cobitidae are described for the first time. Although gill-filament ossifications are common in teleosts, similar ossifications were not observed in other members of the order Cypriniformes. Their presence is interpreted as a shared and derived character uniting the families Balitoridae and Cobitidae as a monophyletic group.
-
Gill‐filament ossifications: a possible morphological synapomorphy uniting the families Balitoridae and Cobitidae (Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes)
Journal of Fish Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Kevin W Conway, Richard L. MaydenAbstract:Ossifications associated with the gill filaments of members of the Balitoridae and Cobitidae are described for the first time. Although gill-filament ossifications are common in teleosts, similar ossifications were not observed in other members of the order Cypriniformes. Their presence is interpreted as a shared and derived character uniting the families Balitoridae and Cobitidae as a monophyletic group.
Yong-jin Won - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Genetic patterns reveal northward range expansion and cryptic diversity in Nalbant's spined loach, Cobitis nalbanti sensu lato (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae)
Systematics and Biodiversity, 2020Co-Authors: Yeon Seon Jeon, Ekaterina D. Vasil’eva, Ra-yeon Myung, Yong-jin WonAbstract:The morphologically similar populations of the Korean freshwater spined loach recently described as a new species Cobitis nalbanti (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) inhabit the rivers and ...
Lukas Rüber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Miniatures, morphology and molecules: Paedocypris and its phylogenetic position (Teleostei, Cypriniformes)
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014Co-Authors: Ralf Britz, Kevin W Conway, Lukas RüberAbstract:We review the morphological and molecular evidence that Mayden & Chen recently used to infer that the developmentally truncated fish genus Paedocypris is not a member of the teleost order Cypriniformes or carp-like fishes, but is ‘the basal sister group to all Cypriniformes’. This hypothesis contradicts several previous studies that used molecular sequence data or morphological characters. A review of the morphological characters that Mayden & Chen discussed and mapped onto their ‘simplified tree’ shows that these, analysed alone, rather support a close relationship of the cyprinids Sundadanio, Danionella, and Paedocypris. We also present four additional analyses of morphological data, which all contradict Mayden & Chen's result. Despite its highly reductive skeleton, posing a serious problem when analysing its phylogenetic position with skeletal characters, the presence in Paedocypris of the basioccipital masticatory plate is compelling evidence that it is a member of the Cyprinoidei (Cyprinidae plus Psilorhynchidae). Our reanalysis and exploration of their molecular sequence data shows that only a single gene, EGR3, of the six nuclear genes analysed by Mayden & Chen, is responsible for the position of Paedocypris as ‘the basal sister group to all Cypriniformes’. Three independent methods to visualize and analyse phylogenetic signal and conflict of data sets (phylogenetic networks, splits analysis methods or SAMS, and site-wise likelihood analyses) reveal a high level of character conflict and noise in Mayden & Chen's data set. The ‘basal’ position of Paedocypris seems to be the outcome of the interplay of two long-branch effects. We apply the same analytical methods to the data set from Ruber et al.'s molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of Paedocypris and discuss our findings. We conclude that none of the molecular data sets compiled to date can establish the phylogenetic position of Paedocypris with confidence. Morphological data suggest that Paedocypris and Danionella are sister genera, and that their closest relative is Sundadanio, although the position of these three miniatures among cyprinoids is still unclear. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London
