The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jose Tarazona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
correlations between the rtg 2 Cytotoxicity Test ec50 and in vivo lc50 rainbow trout bioassay
Chemosphere, 1996Co-Authors: Argelia Castano, M J Cantarino, P. Castillo, Jose TarazonaAbstract:Abstract This paper presents data on the validation of the RTG-2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test. Correlations between in vivo 96h LC50s on rainbow trout and in vitro EC50s obtained with this Test, were established. The acute Cytotoxicity of 16 common aquatic pollutants were determined in vitro on RTG-2 cells, an established fibroblastic-like cell line derived from rainbow trout, using three quantitative analyses, as toxicological endpoints, on the same cell microplate: intracellular ATP content; cellular viability using neutral red assay (NR), and detachment of the grown surface substratum using FRAME KB protein assay (KBP). The three values obtained, were also transformed by a Cytotoxicity index (CI), in a singular value of Cytotoxicity. Dose-response curves were obtained. Good correlations between in vivo LC50s and in vitro EC50s for each endpoint and for the Cytotoxicity index (CI) were found. Correlation coefficients were 0.965, 0.968, 0.977 and 0.970 for ATP, NR, KBP and CI50 respectively. Results indicate the applicability of the RTG-2 Test as alternative protocol to estimate the acute toxicity of chemicals on fish without using live animals. The inclusion of this Test instead of standard toxicity Tests on fish would provide a fully alternative system, without Testing on vertebrate animals, for the classification and preliminary risk assessment of the environmental hazard of substances.
-
Biological alternatives to chemical identification for the ecotoxicological assessment of industrial effluents: The RTG‐2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Argelia Castano, M. Milagros Vega, Teresa Blazquez, Jose TarazonaAbstract:Ecotoxicology is concerned with the effects of chemicals on biological systems. Identifying components of complex aqueous effluents poses special problems, and can be useless if there is a lack of information on the biological effects of the identified chemicals. Toxicity-based (bioassay-directed) sample fractionation can be very useful, but the small amount of fractioned material is a constraint that can be solved by using in vitro Tests. The RTG-2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test has been used to assess (a) the efficacy of a treatment plant in the aeronautics industry and (b) the exposure of fish and molluscs cultured in Esteiro Bay to the effluent of a fish-processing factory. Ecotoxicological assessments could be done without identifying the responsible chemicals. The RTG-2 Test was used in combination with concentration/fractionation procedures. It proved that the toxicity of the liquid wastes from the aeronautics industry was eliminated by the treatment, and that molluscs and fish reared in Esteiro Bay had accumulated toxic chemicals dumped by the fish-processing factory. A combination of the RTG-2 Cytotoxicity Test and HPLC proved to give useful information even for chemicals not identified by GC-MS.
-
biological alternatives to chemical identification for the ecotoxicological assessment of industrial effluents the rtg 2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Argelia Castano, Teresa Blazquez, Milagros Vega, Jose TarazonaAbstract:Ecotoxicology is concerned with the effects of chemicals on biological systems. Identifying components of complex aqueous effluents poses special problems, and can be useless if there is a lack of information on the biological effects of the identified chemicals. Toxicity-based (bioassay-directed) sample fractionation can be very useful, but the small amount of fractioned material is a constraint that can be solved by using in vitro Tests. The RTG-2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test has been used to assess (a) the efficacy of a treatment plant in the aeronautics industry and (b) the exposure of fish and molluscs cultured in Esteiro Bay to the effluent of a fish-processing factory. Ecotoxicological assessments could be done without identifying the responsible chemicals. The RTG-2 Test was used in combination with concentration/fractionation procedures. It proved that the toxicity of the liquid wastes from the aeronautics industry was eliminated by the treatment, and that molluscs and fish reared in Esteiro Bay had accumulated toxic chemicals dumped by the fish-processing factory. A combination of the RTG-2 Cytotoxicity Test and HPLC proved to give useful information even for chemicals not identified by GC-MS.
Argelia Castano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
correlations between the rtg 2 Cytotoxicity Test ec50 and in vivo lc50 rainbow trout bioassay
Chemosphere, 1996Co-Authors: Argelia Castano, M J Cantarino, P. Castillo, Jose TarazonaAbstract:Abstract This paper presents data on the validation of the RTG-2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test. Correlations between in vivo 96h LC50s on rainbow trout and in vitro EC50s obtained with this Test, were established. The acute Cytotoxicity of 16 common aquatic pollutants were determined in vitro on RTG-2 cells, an established fibroblastic-like cell line derived from rainbow trout, using three quantitative analyses, as toxicological endpoints, on the same cell microplate: intracellular ATP content; cellular viability using neutral red assay (NR), and detachment of the grown surface substratum using FRAME KB protein assay (KBP). The three values obtained, were also transformed by a Cytotoxicity index (CI), in a singular value of Cytotoxicity. Dose-response curves were obtained. Good correlations between in vivo LC50s and in vitro EC50s for each endpoint and for the Cytotoxicity index (CI) were found. Correlation coefficients were 0.965, 0.968, 0.977 and 0.970 for ATP, NR, KBP and CI50 respectively. Results indicate the applicability of the RTG-2 Test as alternative protocol to estimate the acute toxicity of chemicals on fish without using live animals. The inclusion of this Test instead of standard toxicity Tests on fish would provide a fully alternative system, without Testing on vertebrate animals, for the classification and preliminary risk assessment of the environmental hazard of substances.
-
Biological alternatives to chemical identification for the ecotoxicological assessment of industrial effluents: The RTG‐2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Argelia Castano, M. Milagros Vega, Teresa Blazquez, Jose TarazonaAbstract:Ecotoxicology is concerned with the effects of chemicals on biological systems. Identifying components of complex aqueous effluents poses special problems, and can be useless if there is a lack of information on the biological effects of the identified chemicals. Toxicity-based (bioassay-directed) sample fractionation can be very useful, but the small amount of fractioned material is a constraint that can be solved by using in vitro Tests. The RTG-2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test has been used to assess (a) the efficacy of a treatment plant in the aeronautics industry and (b) the exposure of fish and molluscs cultured in Esteiro Bay to the effluent of a fish-processing factory. Ecotoxicological assessments could be done without identifying the responsible chemicals. The RTG-2 Test was used in combination with concentration/fractionation procedures. It proved that the toxicity of the liquid wastes from the aeronautics industry was eliminated by the treatment, and that molluscs and fish reared in Esteiro Bay had accumulated toxic chemicals dumped by the fish-processing factory. A combination of the RTG-2 Cytotoxicity Test and HPLC proved to give useful information even for chemicals not identified by GC-MS.
-
biological alternatives to chemical identification for the ecotoxicological assessment of industrial effluents the rtg 2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Argelia Castano, Teresa Blazquez, Milagros Vega, Jose TarazonaAbstract:Ecotoxicology is concerned with the effects of chemicals on biological systems. Identifying components of complex aqueous effluents poses special problems, and can be useless if there is a lack of information on the biological effects of the identified chemicals. Toxicity-based (bioassay-directed) sample fractionation can be very useful, but the small amount of fractioned material is a constraint that can be solved by using in vitro Tests. The RTG-2 in vitro Cytotoxicity Test has been used to assess (a) the efficacy of a treatment plant in the aeronautics industry and (b) the exposure of fish and molluscs cultured in Esteiro Bay to the effluent of a fish-processing factory. Ecotoxicological assessments could be done without identifying the responsible chemicals. The RTG-2 Test was used in combination with concentration/fractionation procedures. It proved that the toxicity of the liquid wastes from the aeronautics industry was eliminated by the treatment, and that molluscs and fish reared in Esteiro Bay had accumulated toxic chemicals dumped by the fish-processing factory. A combination of the RTG-2 Cytotoxicity Test and HPLC proved to give useful information even for chemicals not identified by GC-MS.
Deborah Dillon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a comparative assessment of cigarette smoke aerosols using an in vitro air liquid interface Cytotoxicity Test
Inhalation Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: David Thorne, Annette Dalrymple, Deborah Dillon, Martin Graham Duke, Clive MeredithAbstract:This study describes the evaluation of a modified air-liquid interface BALB/c 3T3 Cytotoxicity method for the assessment of smoke aerosols in vitro. The functionality and applicability of this modified protocol was assessed by comparing the Cytotoxicity profiles from eight different cigarettes. Three reference cigarettes, 1R5F, 3R4F and CORESTA Monitor 7 were used to put the data into perspective and five bespoke experimental products were manufactured, ensuring a balanced and controlled study. Manufactured cigarettes were matched for key variables such as nicotine delivery, puff number, pressure drop, ventilation, carbon monoxide, nicotine free dry particulate matter and blend, but significantly modified for vapor phase delivery, via the addition of two different types and quantities of adsorptive carbon. Specifically manufacturing products ensures comparisons can be made in a consistent manner and allows the research to ask targeted questions, without confounding product variables. The results demonstrate vapor-phase associated cytotoxic effects and clear differences between the products Tested and their cytotoxic profiles. This study has further characterized the in vitro vapor phase biological response relationship and confirmed that the biological response is directly proportional to the amount of available vapor phase toxicants in cigarette smoke, when using a Vitrocell® VC 10 exposure system. This study further supports and strengthens the use of aerosol based exposure options for the appropriate analysis of cigarette smoke induced responses in vitro and may be especially beneficial when comparing aerosols generated from alternative tobacco aerosol products.
-
development of a balb c 3t3 neutral red uptake Cytotoxicity Test using a mainstream cigarette smoke exposure system
BMC Research Notes, 2014Co-Authors: David Thorne, Joanne Kilford, Rebecca Payne, Linsey E Haswell, Annette Dalrymple, Clive Meredith, Deborah DillonAbstract:Tobacco smoke toxicity has traditionally been assessed using the particulate fraction under submerged culture conditions which omits the vapour phase elements from any subsequent analysis. Therefore, methodologies that assess the full interactions and complexities of tobacco smoke are required. Here we describe the adaption of a modified BALB/c 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) Cytotoxicity Test methodology, which is based on the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) protocol for in vitro acute toxicity Testing. The methodology described takes into account the synergies of both the particulate and vapour phase of tobacco smoke. This is of particular importance as both phases have been independently shown to induce in vitro cellular Cytotoxicity. The findings from this study indicate that mainstream tobacco smoke and the gas vapour phase (GVP), generated using the Vitrocell® VC 10 smoke exposure system, have distinct and significantly different toxicity profiles. Within the system Tested, mainstream tobacco smoke produced a dilution IC50 (dilution (L/min) at which 50% Cytotoxicity is observed) of 6.02 L/min, whereas the GVP produced a dilution IC50 of 3.20 L/min. In addition, we also demonstrated significant dose-for-dose differences between mainstream cigarette smoke and the GVP fraction (P < 0.05). This demonstrates the importance of Testing the entire tobacco smoke aerosol and not just the particulate fraction, as has been the historical preference. We have adapted the NRU methodology based on the ICCVAM protocol to capture the full interactions and complexities of tobacco smoke. This methodology could also be used to assess the performance of traditional cigarettes, blend and filter technologies, tobacco smoke fractions and individual Test aerosols.
David Thorne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a comparative assessment of cigarette smoke aerosols using an in vitro air liquid interface Cytotoxicity Test
Inhalation Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: David Thorne, Annette Dalrymple, Deborah Dillon, Martin Graham Duke, Clive MeredithAbstract:This study describes the evaluation of a modified air-liquid interface BALB/c 3T3 Cytotoxicity method for the assessment of smoke aerosols in vitro. The functionality and applicability of this modified protocol was assessed by comparing the Cytotoxicity profiles from eight different cigarettes. Three reference cigarettes, 1R5F, 3R4F and CORESTA Monitor 7 were used to put the data into perspective and five bespoke experimental products were manufactured, ensuring a balanced and controlled study. Manufactured cigarettes were matched for key variables such as nicotine delivery, puff number, pressure drop, ventilation, carbon monoxide, nicotine free dry particulate matter and blend, but significantly modified for vapor phase delivery, via the addition of two different types and quantities of adsorptive carbon. Specifically manufacturing products ensures comparisons can be made in a consistent manner and allows the research to ask targeted questions, without confounding product variables. The results demonstrate vapor-phase associated cytotoxic effects and clear differences between the products Tested and their cytotoxic profiles. This study has further characterized the in vitro vapor phase biological response relationship and confirmed that the biological response is directly proportional to the amount of available vapor phase toxicants in cigarette smoke, when using a Vitrocell® VC 10 exposure system. This study further supports and strengthens the use of aerosol based exposure options for the appropriate analysis of cigarette smoke induced responses in vitro and may be especially beneficial when comparing aerosols generated from alternative tobacco aerosol products.
-
development of a balb c 3t3 neutral red uptake Cytotoxicity Test using a mainstream cigarette smoke exposure system
BMC Research Notes, 2014Co-Authors: David Thorne, Joanne Kilford, Rebecca Payne, Linsey E Haswell, Annette Dalrymple, Clive Meredith, Deborah DillonAbstract:Tobacco smoke toxicity has traditionally been assessed using the particulate fraction under submerged culture conditions which omits the vapour phase elements from any subsequent analysis. Therefore, methodologies that assess the full interactions and complexities of tobacco smoke are required. Here we describe the adaption of a modified BALB/c 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) Cytotoxicity Test methodology, which is based on the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) protocol for in vitro acute toxicity Testing. The methodology described takes into account the synergies of both the particulate and vapour phase of tobacco smoke. This is of particular importance as both phases have been independently shown to induce in vitro cellular Cytotoxicity. The findings from this study indicate that mainstream tobacco smoke and the gas vapour phase (GVP), generated using the Vitrocell® VC 10 smoke exposure system, have distinct and significantly different toxicity profiles. Within the system Tested, mainstream tobacco smoke produced a dilution IC50 (dilution (L/min) at which 50% Cytotoxicity is observed) of 6.02 L/min, whereas the GVP produced a dilution IC50 of 3.20 L/min. In addition, we also demonstrated significant dose-for-dose differences between mainstream cigarette smoke and the GVP fraction (P < 0.05). This demonstrates the importance of Testing the entire tobacco smoke aerosol and not just the particulate fraction, as has been the historical preference. We have adapted the NRU methodology based on the ICCVAM protocol to capture the full interactions and complexities of tobacco smoke. This methodology could also be used to assess the performance of traditional cigarettes, blend and filter technologies, tobacco smoke fractions and individual Test aerosols.
Clive Meredith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a comparative assessment of cigarette smoke aerosols using an in vitro air liquid interface Cytotoxicity Test
Inhalation Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: David Thorne, Annette Dalrymple, Deborah Dillon, Martin Graham Duke, Clive MeredithAbstract:This study describes the evaluation of a modified air-liquid interface BALB/c 3T3 Cytotoxicity method for the assessment of smoke aerosols in vitro. The functionality and applicability of this modified protocol was assessed by comparing the Cytotoxicity profiles from eight different cigarettes. Three reference cigarettes, 1R5F, 3R4F and CORESTA Monitor 7 were used to put the data into perspective and five bespoke experimental products were manufactured, ensuring a balanced and controlled study. Manufactured cigarettes were matched for key variables such as nicotine delivery, puff number, pressure drop, ventilation, carbon monoxide, nicotine free dry particulate matter and blend, but significantly modified for vapor phase delivery, via the addition of two different types and quantities of adsorptive carbon. Specifically manufacturing products ensures comparisons can be made in a consistent manner and allows the research to ask targeted questions, without confounding product variables. The results demonstrate vapor-phase associated cytotoxic effects and clear differences between the products Tested and their cytotoxic profiles. This study has further characterized the in vitro vapor phase biological response relationship and confirmed that the biological response is directly proportional to the amount of available vapor phase toxicants in cigarette smoke, when using a Vitrocell® VC 10 exposure system. This study further supports and strengthens the use of aerosol based exposure options for the appropriate analysis of cigarette smoke induced responses in vitro and may be especially beneficial when comparing aerosols generated from alternative tobacco aerosol products.
-
development of a balb c 3t3 neutral red uptake Cytotoxicity Test using a mainstream cigarette smoke exposure system
BMC Research Notes, 2014Co-Authors: David Thorne, Joanne Kilford, Rebecca Payne, Linsey E Haswell, Annette Dalrymple, Clive Meredith, Deborah DillonAbstract:Tobacco smoke toxicity has traditionally been assessed using the particulate fraction under submerged culture conditions which omits the vapour phase elements from any subsequent analysis. Therefore, methodologies that assess the full interactions and complexities of tobacco smoke are required. Here we describe the adaption of a modified BALB/c 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) Cytotoxicity Test methodology, which is based on the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) protocol for in vitro acute toxicity Testing. The methodology described takes into account the synergies of both the particulate and vapour phase of tobacco smoke. This is of particular importance as both phases have been independently shown to induce in vitro cellular Cytotoxicity. The findings from this study indicate that mainstream tobacco smoke and the gas vapour phase (GVP), generated using the Vitrocell® VC 10 smoke exposure system, have distinct and significantly different toxicity profiles. Within the system Tested, mainstream tobacco smoke produced a dilution IC50 (dilution (L/min) at which 50% Cytotoxicity is observed) of 6.02 L/min, whereas the GVP produced a dilution IC50 of 3.20 L/min. In addition, we also demonstrated significant dose-for-dose differences between mainstream cigarette smoke and the GVP fraction (P < 0.05). This demonstrates the importance of Testing the entire tobacco smoke aerosol and not just the particulate fraction, as has been the historical preference. We have adapted the NRU methodology based on the ICCVAM protocol to capture the full interactions and complexities of tobacco smoke. This methodology could also be used to assess the performance of traditional cigarettes, blend and filter technologies, tobacco smoke fractions and individual Test aerosols.
