The Experts below are selected from a list of 34284924 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Erkki Korpimaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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food hoarding of an avian predator sex and age related differences under fluctuating food conditions
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2018Co-Authors: Giulia Masoero, Chiara Morosinotto, Toni Laaksonen, Erkki KorpimakiAbstract:Hoarding behaviour (storing food for a later use) has evolved to reduce starvation risk when resources are scarce. Different age and sex classes often show differences in foraging due to experience, skills or life history strategy, but such differences in hoarding under spatio-temporally varying environmental conditions have rarely been studied in the wild. We studied hoarding behaviour of Eurasian pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum) during 2003–2016 in western Finland, where the abundance of their main prey (voles) fluctuates in three-year population cycles. In 14 years, 1056 food stores were found during the hoarding season (Oct–Dec) and 330 pygmy owls were trapped at these stores. The number of stores per individual did not vary in relation to age, sex or vole abundance. Adults (+ 1-year old) had their stores farther apart than yearlings. Both the number of stores per year and the biomass of stored prey items increased with vole abundance. Females and yearlings had larger and heavier stores than males and adults, respectively. The same individuals stored more food as yearlings than as adults. These sex- and age-differences in hoarding indicate that it is not constrained by experience or skills. It rather seems that less-experienced yearlings rely more on stored food than adults. Females may need more food due to their larger size and need to accumulate energy reserves before reproduction. A detailed knowledge of age- and sex-related differences in hoarding behaviour under fluctuating abundances of main foods is fundamental to better understand a population response to climate change and forest management. The hoarding behaviour of animals has evolved to cope with the problem of food limitation. On the basis of 14-year data from pygmy owls, we show that the number of stores per year and the biomass of prey items per store increased with vole abundance in the environment. Adults had stores farther apart than yearlings, and females and yearlings stored more prey items and biomass compared to males and adults, respectively. These results indicate that hoarding behaviour responds to the available main prey abundance and varies with traits such as age and sex. Because different age and sex classes might respond differently to variation in food abundance, due to habitat alterations or climate change, a detailed knowledge of hoarding behaviour can be of particular importance to understand changes in body condition, reproductive success and survival of pygmy owls under changing climate and management of boreal forest.
Chiara Morosinotto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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food hoarding of an avian predator sex and age related differences under fluctuating food conditions
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2018Co-Authors: Giulia Masoero, Chiara Morosinotto, Toni Laaksonen, Erkki KorpimakiAbstract:Hoarding behaviour (storing food for a later use) has evolved to reduce starvation risk when resources are scarce. Different age and sex classes often show differences in foraging due to experience, skills or life history strategy, but such differences in hoarding under spatio-temporally varying environmental conditions have rarely been studied in the wild. We studied hoarding behaviour of Eurasian pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum) during 2003–2016 in western Finland, where the abundance of their main prey (voles) fluctuates in three-year population cycles. In 14 years, 1056 food stores were found during the hoarding season (Oct–Dec) and 330 pygmy owls were trapped at these stores. The number of stores per individual did not vary in relation to age, sex or vole abundance. Adults (+ 1-year old) had their stores farther apart than yearlings. Both the number of stores per year and the biomass of stored prey items increased with vole abundance. Females and yearlings had larger and heavier stores than males and adults, respectively. The same individuals stored more food as yearlings than as adults. These sex- and age-differences in hoarding indicate that it is not constrained by experience or skills. It rather seems that less-experienced yearlings rely more on stored food than adults. Females may need more food due to their larger size and need to accumulate energy reserves before reproduction. A detailed knowledge of age- and sex-related differences in hoarding behaviour under fluctuating abundances of main foods is fundamental to better understand a population response to climate change and forest management. The hoarding behaviour of animals has evolved to cope with the problem of food limitation. On the basis of 14-year data from pygmy owls, we show that the number of stores per year and the biomass of prey items per store increased with vole abundance in the environment. Adults had stores farther apart than yearlings, and females and yearlings stored more prey items and biomass compared to males and adults, respectively. These results indicate that hoarding behaviour responds to the available main prey abundance and varies with traits such as age and sex. Because different age and sex classes might respond differently to variation in food abundance, due to habitat alterations or climate change, a detailed knowledge of hoarding behaviour can be of particular importance to understand changes in body condition, reproductive success and survival of pygmy owls under changing climate and management of boreal forest.
Andrew D Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the flint food store survey combining spatial analysis with a modified nutrition environment measures survey in stores nems s to measure the community and consumer nutrition environments
Public Health Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Erika R Shaver, Richard C Sadler, Alex B Hill, Kendall Bell, Myah Ray, Jennifer Choyshin, Joy Lerner, Teresa Soldner, Andrew D JonesAbstract:OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to use a methodology that accurately and reliably describes the availability, price and quality of healthy foods at both the store and community levels using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S), to propose a spatial methodology for integrating these store and community data into measures for defining objective food access. SETTING Two hundred and sixty-five retail food stores in and within 2 miles (3·2 km) of Flint, Michigan, USA, were mapped using ArcGIS mapping software. DESIGN A survey based on the validated NEMS-S was conducted at each retail food store. Scores were assigned to each store based on a modified version of the NEMS-S scoring system and linked to the mapped locations of stores. Neighbourhood characteristics (race and socio-economic distress) were appended to each store. Finally, spatial and kernel density analyses were run on the mapped store scores to obtain healthy food density metrics. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that neighbourhoods with higher socio-economic distress had significantly lower dairy sub-scores compared with their lower-distress counterparts (β coefficient=-1·3; P=0·04). Additionally, supermarkets were present only in neighbourhoods with <60 % African-American population and low socio-economic distress. Two areas in Flint had an overall NEMS-S score of 0. CONCLUSIONS By identifying areas with poor access to healthy foods via a validated metric, this research can be used help local government and organizations target interventions to high-need areas. Furthermore, the methodology used for the survey and the mapping exercise can be replicated in other cities to provide comparable results.
Catherine Duggan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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food availability and food access in rural agricultural communities use of mixed methods
BMC Public Health, 2018Co-Authors: Cassandra Enzler, Cynthia K Perry, Edgar Rodriguez, Norma Mariscal, Sandra Linde, Catherine DugganAbstract:Hispanics bear some of the highest burden of the obesity epidemic and the disparities gap is bigger among Hispanics in rural communities. This mixed methods study examined the objective and subjective assessment of food availability and food access in four rural, agricultural, and predominantly Hispanic communities. In this convergent parallel mixed methods study, we used the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS) of Food Stores and Restaurants to objectively assess 57 food stores and 69 restaurants in four rural agricultural communities in Washington State. To complement the objective assessment findings, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 32 community residents. The data were collected from 2013 to 2014. Frequencies and means were calculated for quantitative data and content analysis conducted for interview data. Participants (n = 32) had a mean age of 35.6 (SD 6.2) years, were mostly women, uninsured, low income, and had less than a high school education. Grocery and convenience stores had low NEMS composite scores indicating low overall availability of food items, low quality, and high food prices. Composite scores for sit-down restaurants, fast casual restaurants, and fast-food restaurants were similarly low in all four towns indicating limited availability of healthier options. Semi-structured interviews revealed participants perceived high availability and accessibility of quality fresh produce. Most participants reported eating out regularly several times a week, frequenting restaurant chains that serve buffets or fast foods, and allowing children to make decisions regarding their own food choices. Community members’ perception of food availability and food access may be different from the objective assessment of food environment. This information can be used to inform community-wide interventions to address food environment in these rural communities.
Giulia Masoero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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food hoarding of an avian predator sex and age related differences under fluctuating food conditions
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2018Co-Authors: Giulia Masoero, Chiara Morosinotto, Toni Laaksonen, Erkki KorpimakiAbstract:Hoarding behaviour (storing food for a later use) has evolved to reduce starvation risk when resources are scarce. Different age and sex classes often show differences in foraging due to experience, skills or life history strategy, but such differences in hoarding under spatio-temporally varying environmental conditions have rarely been studied in the wild. We studied hoarding behaviour of Eurasian pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum) during 2003–2016 in western Finland, where the abundance of their main prey (voles) fluctuates in three-year population cycles. In 14 years, 1056 food stores were found during the hoarding season (Oct–Dec) and 330 pygmy owls were trapped at these stores. The number of stores per individual did not vary in relation to age, sex or vole abundance. Adults (+ 1-year old) had their stores farther apart than yearlings. Both the number of stores per year and the biomass of stored prey items increased with vole abundance. Females and yearlings had larger and heavier stores than males and adults, respectively. The same individuals stored more food as yearlings than as adults. These sex- and age-differences in hoarding indicate that it is not constrained by experience or skills. It rather seems that less-experienced yearlings rely more on stored food than adults. Females may need more food due to their larger size and need to accumulate energy reserves before reproduction. A detailed knowledge of age- and sex-related differences in hoarding behaviour under fluctuating abundances of main foods is fundamental to better understand a population response to climate change and forest management. The hoarding behaviour of animals has evolved to cope with the problem of food limitation. On the basis of 14-year data from pygmy owls, we show that the number of stores per year and the biomass of prey items per store increased with vole abundance in the environment. Adults had stores farther apart than yearlings, and females and yearlings stored more prey items and biomass compared to males and adults, respectively. These results indicate that hoarding behaviour responds to the available main prey abundance and varies with traits such as age and sex. Because different age and sex classes might respond differently to variation in food abundance, due to habitat alterations or climate change, a detailed knowledge of hoarding behaviour can be of particular importance to understand changes in body condition, reproductive success and survival of pygmy owls under changing climate and management of boreal forest.
