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James Anthony Pritchett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the cultural analysis of kinship the legacy of David m Schneider review
Anthropological Quarterly, 2007Co-Authors: James Anthony PritchettAbstract:Richard Feinberg & Martin Ottenheimer (eds.), The Cultural Analysis of Kinship: The Legacy of David M. Schneider. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2001, 235pp. Few Academic Battlegrounds have been so littered with the ink-stained corpses of their scholarly protagonists as those surrounding kinship and cultural relativism. Few scholars have staked out a position in such stark terms, then fought and died amid such academic controversy as did David Schneider. (Feinberg and Ottenheimer 2001:1) Who is David Schneider that we ought be mindful of him? By most accounts he was a man who infuriated both friends and foes alike, whose mercurial demeanor caused many potential allies to fear him, who after disarming students and colleagues with charming and encouraging words would slash them to ribbons with sarcastic putdowns. He was a scholar who conjured up unfair depictions of adversaries' views so as to more easily bash them, yet who utterly ignored many who offered even the most genteel critiques of his own paradigms and perspectives. He was a professor well known for abruptly abandoning some of his graduate students at the most critical of moments and with the most flimsy of excuses. He was an author who boldly confessed that he wrote one of his most critically acclaimed books without reference to the thousands of pages of field data that his assistants had carefully collected and collated for him because he had already formulated his conclusions in advance of any data. He was a grand theoretician who rocketed to fame as an expert on kinship, only to declare later that kinship was a Western fabrication, a useless framework for anthropological enquiry. He was a husband whose own wife publicly accused him of academic dishonesty and in a bold gesture burned the scholarly work she had compiled on his behalf. The Cultural Analysis of Kinship: the Legacy of David M. Schneider, edited by Richard Feinberg and Martin Ottenheimer, offers us the most complete picture to date of one of the giants of 20th century American anthropology. Within its pages ten scholars, most of whom had personal dealings with Schneider at some point in their professional careers, collectively pull back the layers of this complex individual, scrutinize his critical insights, experiment with his methodological propositions, and demonstrate that regardless of what one thinks of Schneider he is indeed worthy of thinking about. Despite (or perhaps because of) his social and psychological proclivities, Schneider raised important questions and forced anthropology to rethink some of the central issues of the discipline. Richard Feinberg, one of those graduate students at the University of Chicago during the late 1960s and early 1970s who had been abruptly dumped by Schneider, opens the volume with a remarkably even-handed introduction, with only the slightest hint of the anger he must have felt at being forced to seek out a new advisor in the waning days before commencing his fieldwork on Polynesian kinship. Feinberg gives us a brief overview of the place of Cultural Relativism, cross-cultural comparison and the study of kinship within anthropology, as well Schneider's contribution to the development of Symbolic anthropology more broadly. Feinberg also provides a bit of biographical background. We see Schneider growing up in Brooklyn, New York in the 1920s, one of two sons of Eastern European immigrants who were active in the American Communist Party. We hear of young David's ambivalent relationship with his parents, his resentment of his younger brother, his early acting out in school and, as a result, his being sent away to boarding school in Connecticut. His early years in college, majoring in agricultural bacteriology at Cornell, were no less troublesome. Indeed, he performed so poorly in math and chemistry that he began taking social science courses simply to raise his grade point average and get off academic probation. …
Martin Ottenheimer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Cultural Analysis of Kinship the Legacy of David M. Schneider
2001Co-Authors: Richard Feinberg, Martin OttenheimerAbstract:In the mid-1970s, David M. Schneider rocked the anthropological world with his announcement that kinship did not exist in any culture known to humankind. This volume provides a critical assessment of Schneider's ideas, focusing particularly on his contributions to kinship studies and the implications of his work for cultural relativism. Schneider's deconstruction of kinship as a cultural system sounded the death knell for a certain kind of kinship study. At the same time, it laid the groundwork for the re-emergence of kinship studies as a centerpiece of anthropological theory and practice. Now a mainstay of cultural studies, Schneider's conception of cultural relativism revolutionized thinking about kinship, family, gender, and culture. For feminist anthropologists, his ideas freed kinship from the limitations of biology, providing a context for establishing gender as a cultural construct.Today, his work bears on high-profile issues such as gay and lesbian partners and parents, surrogate motherhood, and new reproductive technologies. Contributors to "The Cultural Analysis of Kinship" appraise Schneider's contributions and his place in anthropological history, particularly in the development of anthropological theory. Situating Schneider's work and influence in relation to major controversies in the history of anthropology and of kinship studies, they examine his important insights and their limitations, consider where his approach might lead, and offer alternative paradigms. Inspiring many with his keenly critical mind and willingness to flout convention, discomfiting others with his mercurial temperament, David Schneider left an ineradicable mark on his field. These frank observations on the man and his ideas offer a revealing glimpse of one of modern anthropology's most complex and paradoxical figures.
Richard Feinberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Cultural Analysis of Kinship the Legacy of David M. Schneider
2001Co-Authors: Richard Feinberg, Martin OttenheimerAbstract:In the mid-1970s, David M. Schneider rocked the anthropological world with his announcement that kinship did not exist in any culture known to humankind. This volume provides a critical assessment of Schneider's ideas, focusing particularly on his contributions to kinship studies and the implications of his work for cultural relativism. Schneider's deconstruction of kinship as a cultural system sounded the death knell for a certain kind of kinship study. At the same time, it laid the groundwork for the re-emergence of kinship studies as a centerpiece of anthropological theory and practice. Now a mainstay of cultural studies, Schneider's conception of cultural relativism revolutionized thinking about kinship, family, gender, and culture. For feminist anthropologists, his ideas freed kinship from the limitations of biology, providing a context for establishing gender as a cultural construct.Today, his work bears on high-profile issues such as gay and lesbian partners and parents, surrogate motherhood, and new reproductive technologies. Contributors to "The Cultural Analysis of Kinship" appraise Schneider's contributions and his place in anthropological history, particularly in the development of anthropological theory. Situating Schneider's work and influence in relation to major controversies in the history of anthropology and of kinship studies, they examine his important insights and their limitations, consider where his approach might lead, and offer alternative paradigms. Inspiring many with his keenly critical mind and willingness to flout convention, discomfiting others with his mercurial temperament, David Schneider left an ineradicable mark on his field. These frank observations on the man and his ideas offer a revealing glimpse of one of modern anthropology's most complex and paradoxical figures.
Charles N Landen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using heterogeneity of the patient derived xenograft model to identify the chemoresistant population in ovarian cancer
Oncotarget, 2014Co-Authors: Zachary C Dobbin, Ashwini A Katre, Adam D Steg, Britt K Erickson, Monjri Shah, Ronald D Alvarez, Michael G Conner, D Schneider, Dongquan Chen, Charles N LandenAbstract:// Zachary C. Dobbin 1,2 , Ashwini A. Katre 1 , Adam D. Steg 1 , Britt K. Erickson 1 , Monjri M. Shah 1 , Ronald D. Alvarez 1 , Michael G. Conner 3 , David Schneider 4 , Dongquan Chen 5 and Charles N. Landen 6 1 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 2 NIH Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham 3 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 5 Division of Preventative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham 6 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Correspondence: Charles N. Landen Jr, email: // Keywords : Ovarian Cancer, Patient-derived xenograft, cancer stem cells, chemoresistance, animal models of cancer Received : August 08, 2014 Accepted : August 18, 2014 Published : August 19, 2014 Abstract A cornerstone of preclinical cancer research has been the use of clonal cell lines. However, this resource has underperformed in its ability to effectively identify novel therapeutics and evaluate the heterogeneity in a patient’s tumor. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model retains the heterogeneity of patient tumors, allowing a means to not only examine efficacy of a therapy, but also basic tenets of cancer biology in response to treatment. Herein we describe the development and characterization of an ovarian-PDX model in order to study the development of chemoresistance. We demonstrate that PDX tumors are not simply composed of tumor-initiating cells, but recapitulate the original tumor’s heterogeneity, oncogene expression profiles, and clinical response to chemotherapy. Combined carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment of PDX tumors enriches the cancer stem cell populations, but persistent tumors are not entirely composed of these populations. RNA-Seq analysis of six pair of treated PDX tumors compared to untreated tumors demonstrates a consistently contrasting genetic profile after therapy, suggesting similar, but few, pathways are mediating chemoresistance. Pathways and genes identified by this methodology represent novel approaches to targeting the chemoresistant population in ovarian cancer
Zachary C Dobbin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using heterogeneity of the patient derived xenograft model to identify the chemoresistant population in ovarian cancer
Oncotarget, 2014Co-Authors: Zachary C Dobbin, Ashwini A Katre, Adam D Steg, Britt K Erickson, Monjri Shah, Ronald D Alvarez, Michael G Conner, D Schneider, Dongquan Chen, Charles N LandenAbstract:// Zachary C. Dobbin 1,2 , Ashwini A. Katre 1 , Adam D. Steg 1 , Britt K. Erickson 1 , Monjri M. Shah 1 , Ronald D. Alvarez 1 , Michael G. Conner 3 , David Schneider 4 , Dongquan Chen 5 and Charles N. Landen 6 1 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 2 NIH Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham 3 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 5 Division of Preventative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham 6 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Correspondence: Charles N. Landen Jr, email: // Keywords : Ovarian Cancer, Patient-derived xenograft, cancer stem cells, chemoresistance, animal models of cancer Received : August 08, 2014 Accepted : August 18, 2014 Published : August 19, 2014 Abstract A cornerstone of preclinical cancer research has been the use of clonal cell lines. However, this resource has underperformed in its ability to effectively identify novel therapeutics and evaluate the heterogeneity in a patient’s tumor. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model retains the heterogeneity of patient tumors, allowing a means to not only examine efficacy of a therapy, but also basic tenets of cancer biology in response to treatment. Herein we describe the development and characterization of an ovarian-PDX model in order to study the development of chemoresistance. We demonstrate that PDX tumors are not simply composed of tumor-initiating cells, but recapitulate the original tumor’s heterogeneity, oncogene expression profiles, and clinical response to chemotherapy. Combined carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment of PDX tumors enriches the cancer stem cell populations, but persistent tumors are not entirely composed of these populations. RNA-Seq analysis of six pair of treated PDX tumors compared to untreated tumors demonstrates a consistently contrasting genetic profile after therapy, suggesting similar, but few, pathways are mediating chemoresistance. Pathways and genes identified by this methodology represent novel approaches to targeting the chemoresistant population in ovarian cancer
