The Experts below are selected from a list of 72 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J L Dubbeldam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The sensory trigeminal system in birds: input, organization and effects of peripheral damage. A review.
Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: J L DubbeldamAbstract:The primary sensory trigeminal system in birds comprises the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and the trigeminal ganglion with projections to the principal sensory nucleus (PrV) and the descending tract with its subnuclei. Other cranial nerves can contribute to PrV and the descending system that together form the somatosensory system of the head. There is also a proprioceptive component. The somatosensory system comprises a component serving tactile sense and a nociceptive component. The former processes information from many mechanoreceptors in beak and tongue; both PrV and subnuclei of the descending system are involved. The nociceptive component consists of small ganglion cells projecting presumably to layers I and II of the caudal subnucleus of the descending trigeminal system and cervical dorsal horn; this is the only trigeminal region showing immunoreactivity for substance P. The effects of amputation of the tips of the beak of chickens (Debeaking) are estimated by f iber counts in electron microsco...
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the distribution of acetylcholinesterase reactivity and substance p serotonin and met enkephalin immunoreactivity in the myelencephalon of normal chickens gallus gallus domesticus and after Debeaking
Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 1996Co-Authors: A Den M Boervisser, J L DubbeldamAbstract:The distribution of substance P-, met-enkephalin- and serotonin-immunoreactivity (IR) in the lower brainstem of hens is described using the PAP-method. Sections stained for acetylcholinesterase activity were used to provide a general description of the area. Serotonergic cells were observed in the locus ceruleus and nucleus subceruleus, the n. linearis caudalis, n. tegmenti ventralis, n. raphes and ventral reticular formation. Serotonergic varicosities surround the cells in several motor nuclei and cell groups in the reticular formation; scarce serotonergic elements were found in the subnucleus interpolaris of the descending trigeminal system and in layers III and IV of the subnucleus caudalis and dorsal horn, a moderate density of varicosities in layer II. Layers I and II contain substance P-IR and enkephalinergic varicosities. Other regions with dense enkephalinergic varicosities are the dorsolateral parvocellular reticular formation, including the dorsal part of n. centralis medullae oblongatae, n. solitarius and n. cuneatus et gracilis. Substance P-IR is largely the same as enkephalin-IR. No distinct differences are found between normal adult chickens and animals that were debeaked at ages between 1 day and 6 weeks. As for the long-term detrimental effects of Debeaking, sensory deprivation (loss of tactile sense) and heightened vulnerability to damage of the beak may be more important factors than long-lasting changes of the nociceptive system.
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the composition of trigeminal nerve branches in normal adult chickens and after Debeaking at different ages
Journal of Anatomy, 1995Co-Authors: J L Dubbeldam, M A G De Bakker, Ron G BoutAbstract:Abstract The long term effects of amputation of the tip of the beak were studied in adult hens that were debeaked on the day of hatching, at the age of 8 d and at 6 wk, by EM analysis of fibre spectra of the medial branch of the ophthalmic nerve and of the intramandibular nerve. Three categories of fibre were distinguished for further analysis, i.e. unmyelinated axons, small myelinated fibres and large myelinated fibres. In normal birds the ophthalmic nerve contains relatively more large fibres than the intramandibular nerve. Amputation consistently results in a reduction of the number of large fibres and a substantial increase in the number of small myelinated fibres. The proportion of unmyelinated axons is rather variable, but is not affected by beak trimming. Age at Debeaking has no effect. The observations are inconclusive concerning the possibility of heightened nociception.
Mt Ajayi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of the Training Needs of Poultry Farmers in Ovia & Oredo Local Government Areas of Edo State, Nigeria
African Journal of Livestock Extension, 2020Co-Authors: Oo Arowolo, Toa Banmeke, Mt AjayiAbstract:This study assessed the training needs of poultry farmers in Ovia and Oredo Local Government Areas of Edo State, Nigeria. Snowball technique was used in locating the 70 small scale poultry farmers from Nifor, Oko-ADP, Oluku and Isihor communitites in the two Local Government Areas. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that poultry farmers in these communities felt they need more training mostly in the area of disease management practices like drug usage ( x = 2.43 ± 0.714); vaccination ( x = 2.37 ± 0.726); health management practices like Debeaking ( x = 2.01 ± 0.712) and other management variables like poultry house construction techniques and floor spacing. The findings of this study depict that there are insufficient training exposure of the farmers to the management activities considered in the study. Drug usage as a disease management practice recorded close zero level training exposure among the poultry farmers. For effective poultry production, farmers in these LGAs need to be exposed to good, modern training in appropriate usage of drugs before, during and after disease outbreak on their farms. There was a positive and significant association between the respondents’ farm size and their training needs (Chi 2 = 12.572, p < 0.01). The panacea suggested is efficient extension services rendered by competent extension agents who are also versatile subject matter specialists (SMS), NGO and university researchers all of who should be backed by good government policy and assistance to these stakeholders.
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Prioritization of poultry farmers’ needs in Edo State
Tropical veterinarian, 2020Co-Authors: Oo Arowolo, Toa Banmeke, Mt AjayiAbstract:The study identified and documented the needs of practicing Medium and Small Scale (MSS) poultry farmers domiciled in two Local Government Areas (LGA) of south southern Nigeria in the area of poultry management information as a veritable tool for enhanced productivity in the poultry industry. A multistage random sampling and snowball techniques were used to select the seventy (70) poultry farmers who participated in the survey. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data needed. The results revealed that the poultry farmers had a mean farm population size of nine hundred and ten birds (Mean value of X = 910.36), and low capital base as reflected by the type of the labour employed on the farm. 51.4 % were civil servants and 22.9 % were traders implying that a sum total of 74.3 % of the farmers in the study areas are part-time farmers while the remaining 25.7 % are full-time farmers. Results also showed that these poultry farmers needed a lot more information in management activities like vaccination, deworming, Debeaking, provision of heat, culling of birds, provision of feeds, use of foot-baths etc, in that descending order of priority. In conclusion, the study showed that livestock extension has been neglected in these areas as in many other parts of the country compared with the agronomic sectors. There is an urgent need for the poultry farmers in these areas to be exposed to adequate, relevant (such as problems associated with diseases, biosecurity issues e.t.c.) and effective channels of getting modern information through policy makers, donors (private & public), extension agents and all stakeholders. Keywords: Prioritization, Needs, Poultry Farmers Needs, Edo State, Poultry Farmers.
Walter Morgan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Day-Old Debeaking on the Performance of Pullets
Poultry Science, 2020Co-Authors: Walter MorganAbstract:Abstract As the practice of day-old Debeaking becomes more widespread for broiler production (Darrow and Stotts, 1954; Camp et al. 1955; and others), there is increasing interest in the effect of Debeaking of pullet chicks which will ultimately be used in egg-production flocks. Commonly asked questions are: Will Debeaking hinder growth or lengthen age to sexual maturity? Will Debeaking increase or reduce mortality? Will Debeaking increase the percentage of culls at housing time? The trial reported herein was conducted in an effort to help answer these questions. MATERIALS AND RESULTS On March 9, 1955, newly hatched New Hampshire pullets at the South Dakota State College Agricultural Experiment Station were randomly separated into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 218 chicks which were untreated. One-hundred-eleven group 2 chicks had ⅓ of the upper and lower beaks removed. One-half of the upper beak only was removed from 108 group 3 chicks. There were …
Ron G Bout - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the composition of trigeminal nerve branches in normal adult chickens and after Debeaking at different ages
Journal of Anatomy, 1995Co-Authors: J L Dubbeldam, M A G De Bakker, Ron G BoutAbstract:Abstract The long term effects of amputation of the tip of the beak were studied in adult hens that were debeaked on the day of hatching, at the age of 8 d and at 6 wk, by EM analysis of fibre spectra of the medial branch of the ophthalmic nerve and of the intramandibular nerve. Three categories of fibre were distinguished for further analysis, i.e. unmyelinated axons, small myelinated fibres and large myelinated fibres. In normal birds the ophthalmic nerve contains relatively more large fibres than the intramandibular nerve. Amputation consistently results in a reduction of the number of large fibres and a substantial increase in the number of small myelinated fibres. The proportion of unmyelinated axons is rather variable, but is not affected by beak trimming. Age at Debeaking has no effect. The observations are inconclusive concerning the possibility of heightened nociception.
L. H. Iwayama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Performance of Commercial Laying Hen Submitted to Different Debeaking Methods
Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 2017Co-Authors: Leda Gobbo De Freitas Bueno, Silvia Regina Lucas De Souza, J. A.o. Balan, K. M. Silva, Gustavo Do Valle Polycarpo, L. H. IwayamaAbstract:ABSTRACT Among the several factors required in breeding laying hens, Debeaking is a factor that interferes with batch performance and affects animal welfare. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate three different Debeaking procedures and to verify the best technique to be used. For this, the performance of the birds, the incidence of cannibalism, and in rearing phase, the quality of the eggs were evaluated. Dekalb White birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments, T1 (infrared radiation Debeaking) T2 (hot blade Debeaking) and T3 (V Debeaking).The data was submitted to Analysis of Variance and compared by Tukey’s test (95%), using statistical software R. The frequencies of mortality and cannibalism were submitted to the Chi-Square test (Software R). It was observed that mortality was lower with IR Debeaking in the breeding phase. Already in the rearing phase, the mortality was similar between the Debeaking techniques and the cannibalism was null. The final mean weight (g), mean weight gain (g) and average daily weight gain in the rearing and egg quality variables were higher for V Debeaking when compared to other techniques. It is concluded that V-Debeaking provides better bird performance, resistance and shell thickness when compared to the infrared radiations and hot blade Debeaking, in addition to subjecting the birds to less stress
