The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hitoshi Maeda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
suicidal vehicle assisted ligature strangulation resulting in complete Decapitation an autopsy report and a review of the literature
Legal Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Dong Zhao, Takaki Ishikawa, Li Quan, Tomomi Michiue, Hitoshi MaedaAbstract:The victim (59-year-old male) used a long hemp rope tied between his neck and a cherry tree while attempting to drive his car away, resulting in complete Decapitation. At autopsy, the Decapitation wound of the head and the torso corresponded perfectly; a clear-cut severance plane was found at the bottom of the skull. In contrast to suicidal Decapitation by hanging and traumatic railway injury, autopsy findings for vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation are rarely reported. A review of the literature concerning suicidal vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation suggested a striking young or adult male predominance, and the wound margins were usually clear-cut with a sharply-demarcated encircling abrasion zone. The present case presented some notable autopsy findings involving wound morphology and pathological changes in organs related to the mechanisms of injury and death. Despite complete Decapitation, the face was congestive, the lungs were congested with findings of acute respiratory distress, and the brain was markedly swollen with diffuse and severe astrocyte injury, suggesting that asphyxiation was involved in the death before Decapitation.
-
Decapitation in suicidal hanging a case report with a review of the literature
Legal Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Baoli Zhu, Li Quan, Kaori Ishida, Shigeki Oritani, Mari Taniguchi, Masaki Q Fujita, Kazunori Fukita, Hitoshi MaedaAbstract:We report a case of self-Decapitation by suicidal hanging from a river bridge and discuss the Decapitation mechanism, reviewing the literature. The torso and the head of the victim, respectively, were found apart in a river approximately 100 m and 600 m, respectively, downstream from the bridge in two days. Morphological, serological and DNA analyses confirmed their identity. Torn ligaments between the atlas and axis accompanied by fractures in the axis at the partes interarticulares were indicative of a traction force combined with anteroflexion of the head by falling from a height, and the radial pressure due to a strong, single twisted nylon rope with a slip knot was considered to have contributed considerably to the subsequent skin laceration with wavy marginal abrasions. In the reviewed literature, cervical spine fractures were described only in two of six cases, suggesting head movement at the time of Decapitation.
Robert F. Derr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Pain perception in decapitated rat brain
Life sciences, 1991Co-Authors: Robert F. DerrAbstract:The question of humaneness of Decapitation per se has been considered. The time required for the oxygen tension in decapitated rat brain to decline to a level at which the brain becomes unconscious was estimated to be 2.7 sec. Assuming that Decapitation is a powerful arousal stimulus and that the resulting EEG activation (low voltage, fast activity) indicates a conscious awareness of pain and distress the maximum time the pain and distress could be perceived would be 2.7 sec. Hence, Decapitation of rats per se may be considered humane.
K Püschel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Pathologic features of suicidal complete Decapitations.
Forensic science international, 2004Co-Authors: M Tsokos, E E Türk, S Uchigasaki, K PüschelAbstract:Despite high suicide rates all over the world, complete Decapitation as a consequence of violent suicide methods is exceptionally rare and there is always a potential for confusion with homicide as well as with body dismemberment or mutilation. We analyzed the phenomenology and morphology of 10 cases (six male, four female; individual age 18-60 years) of suicidal complete Decapitation that were subjected to medico-legal autopsies at the Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Hamburg, Germany, between 1995 and 2002. All Decapitations occurred while the person was alive as proven by signs of vitality. Blood alcohol levels were positive in five cases and ranged between 28 and 202 mg/dl. The applied methods of suicide were running over by a train in eight cases and hanging in two cases. In suicidal hanging resulting in complete Decapitation the wound margins were clear-cut with an adjacent sharply demarcated circumferential band-like abrasion zone showing a homogenous width, the latter determined by the thickness of the rope. In Decapitations due to railway interference a broad spectrum of pathologic alterations such as the co-existence of irregular, ragged and sharp-edged wound margins, vascular and nervous pathways forming bridges in the depth of the wound and bruising could be observed. In such cases skin abrasion zones were generally not circumferential and showed a heterogenous width. Concerning hanging-related complete Decapitations, our findings are well in line with those of other authors, namely that heavy body weight of the suicidal, fall from a great height and in some cases inelastic and/or thin rope material used for the noose are the determining factors decisive for complete Decapitation.
Keizo Waku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Rapid generation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, in rat brain after Decapitation
Neuroscience letters, 2001Co-Authors: Takayuki Sugiura, Naoki Yoshinaga, Keizo WakuAbstract:Rat brain, frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after Decapitation, contains a substantial amount of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (0.34 nmol/g tissue), an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand. The level of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the brain was rapidly augmented after Decapitation, the peak being noted 30 s after Decapitation (1.54 nmol/g tissue). Noticeably, there are two phases during the increase in the levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol: a rapid transient increase and a subsequent gradual sustained increase, suggesting that at least two separate mechanisms are involved in the generation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the decapitated brain. Gradual sustained formation was also observed for other monoacylglycerols, (e.g. 2-palmitoylglycerol plus 2-oleoylglycerol and 2-cis-vaccenoylglycerol). Thus, it is important to minimize post-mortem changes to estimate the exact tissue levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol as well as other monoacylglycerols in the brain.
O.a. Krishtal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
electrical responses in hippocampal slices after prolonged global ischemia effects of neuroprotectors
Brain Research, 2000Co-Authors: D. P. Artemenko, V D Gerasimov, O.a. KrishtalAbstract:Abstract A simple and reproducible animal model of global ischemia, induced by Decapitation in 30-day-old Wistar rats, has been developed. It allows to perform electrophysiological analysis of the postischemic reperfusion period in the brain slices. Periods of ischemia up to 40 min increase population spikes measured in the CA1 area of the hippocampus during 2–5 h of reperfusion. Thus after 30-min Decapitation-induced ischemia (at tischem=25°C), the mean amplitude of the recorded maximum orthodromic population spikes was 159% of the control obtained in the non-ischemic animals. Longer ischemic episodes result in the depression of the population spikes. After 2 h of ischemia, the amplitude of population spikes was about 89% of control. After 3 h of Decapitation ischemia, the neurons could not be reactivated. The duration of ischemic episode needed for the irreversible depression of the electrical activity of the brain neurons drastically depends on the temperature at which the ischemic brain is maintained. Thus, only 2 h were needed at 30°C as compared to nearly 3 h at 25°C. We have found that intraperitoneal injection of neuroprotectors which precedes Decapitation enables reactivation of the post-ischemic neurons even after very long periods of global ischemia. Thus, MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptors antagonist, or NBQX, a blocker of AMPA receptors, administrated 15 min before the long-term (90 min) Decapitation ischemia (30°C), induced dose-dependent recovery of population spike with ED50 values 0.2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg respectively. Our results demonstrate that, in spite of the high vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to hypoxia and ischemia, their electrical activity can be restored after prolonged (more then 1 h) Decapitation ischemia. Administration of NMDA or AMPA antagonists enhances recovery.
-
Electrical responses in hippocampal slices after prolonged global ischemia: effects of neuroprotectors.
Brain research, 2000Co-Authors: D. P. Artemenko, V D Gerasimov, O.a. KrishtalAbstract:A simple and reproducible animal model of global ischemia, induced by Decapitation in 30-day-old Wistar rats, has been developed. It allows to perform electrophysiological analysis of the postischemic reperfusion period in the brain slices. Periods of ischemia up to 40 min increase population spikes measured in the CA1 area of the hippocampus during 2-5 h of reperfusion. Thus after 30-min Decapitation-induced ischemia (at t(ischem)=25 degrees C), the mean amplitude of the recorded maximum orthodromic population spikes was 159% of the control obtained in the non-ischemic animals. Longer ischemic episodes result in the depression of the population spikes. After 2 h of ischemia, the amplitude of population spikes was about 89% of control. After 3 h of Decapitation ischemia, the neurons could not be reactivated. The duration of ischemic episode needed for the irreversible depression of the electrical activity of the brain neurons drastically depends on the temperature at which the ischemic brain is maintained. Thus, only 2 h were needed at 30 degrees C as compared to nearly 3 h at 25 degrees C. We have found that intraperitoneal injection of neuroprotectors which precedes Decapitation enables reactivation of the post-ischemic neurons even after very long periods of global ischemia. Thus, MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptors antagonist, or NBQX, a blocker of AMPA receptors, administrated 15 min before the long-term (90 min) Decapitation ischemia (30 degrees C), induced dose-dependent recovery of population spike with ED(50) values 0.2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg respectively. Our results demonstrate that, in spite of the high vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to hypoxia and ischemia, their electrical activity can be restored after prolonged (more then 1 h) Decapitation ischemia. Administration of NMDA or AMPA antagonists enhances recovery.
