The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J Richard Ward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents
Chemical Reviews, 1992Co-Authors: Yu Chu Yang, James A. Baker, J Richard WardAbstract:Contents I. Introduction 11. Development of Decontamination Systems A. Earty Decontaminants B. Decontaminatlon SoMlon 2 (DS2) C. Decontaminants for Skin and Personal Equipment 111. Fundamental Reactions of Agents A. Chemical Agent Simulants 6. Hydrolysis C. Nucieophile-Assisted Substttution of HD D. The Oxidation of I-D and VX A. Heterogeneous LiquM Media IV. Decontamination Media 1729 1730 1730 1731 1732 1734 1734 1735 1735 1736 1737 1738 B. Polymer Powders and Supported Reagents 1738 V. Applicatlons of Catalysis to Decontamination 1739 A. Metal Ion Catalyzed Hydrolysis 1739 B. Enzymatic Decontaminatlon and 1740 C. Catalytic OxMation 1741 VI. Future Dlrections 1742
Dike O. Ukuku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of sanitizing treatments on removal of bacteria from cantaloupe surface, and re-contamination with Salmonella
Food Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Dike O. UkukuAbstract:There are many reports of disease due to consumption of cantaloupes contaminated at the surface with enteric pathogens. Salmonella is among the most frequently reported cause of foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States. Research was undertaken to determine the effects of sanitizer and hot water treatments on microbial populations on cantaloupe surfaces and to determine whether prior Decontamination of melons by sanitizer treatment affects vulnerability to recontamination by Salmonella. Cantaloupes were sanitized with 200 ppm chlorine or 2.5% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2 min, or hot water (96°C) for 2 min and were held at 5°C for 24 h. Hot water treatments reduced the microbial populations on cantaloupe surface by 4.9 log reduction while H2O2or chlorine caused approximately 2.6 log unit reduction on cantaloupe surfaces. When sanitized or hot water treated whole cantaloupes were re-inoculated with Salmonella. Higher populations of Salmonella were recovered from sanitized cantaloupes than from the untreated controls; recovery was greater from hot water treated cantaloupes than from cantaloupes treated with chlorine or hydrogen peroxide. The results of this study clearly show that sanitized cantaloupes are susceptible to recontamination if exposed to a human bacterial pathogen during subsequent handling.
Søren Aabo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Change in attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes to pork skin and muscle after hot water and lactic acid Decontamination
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Rikke K Morild, John Elmerdahl Olsen, Søren AaboAbstract:The attachment of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes to pig skin and muscle tissue decontaminated with 80 °C water or 55 °C, 1% lactic acid for 5 and 15 s was investigated. Attachment properties differed between skin and muscle surfaces. A significantly higher number of firmly attached bacteria was found on the decontaminated skin surface compared to the non-treated skin surface, both on hot water (P < 0.0001) and on lactic acid treated skin (P < 0.001). At the muscle surfaces, no such difference in attachment were shown between hot water treated surfaces and non-treated surfaces. In contrast, for lactic acid Decontamination, significantly fewer bacteria attached to the treated muscle surfaces (P < 0.0001). The study did not show significant differences in surface attachment, between Salmonella, Yersinia and Listeria, which indicate that surface and environmental factors may influence attachment more than bacterial properties. A more profound location of attached bacteria at muscle compared to skin was indicated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies showed that bacteria located in deep tissue structures of non-decontaminated and decontaminated skin and muscle surfaces. In the latter, bacteria tended to “hide” between the muscle fibres and may be entrapped at those sites. The finding of changed attachment properties at skin after Decontamination may play a role in cross- and recontamination, during subsequent meat processing.
Yu Chu Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents
Chemical Reviews, 1992Co-Authors: Yu Chu Yang, James A. Baker, J Richard WardAbstract:Contents I. Introduction 11. Development of Decontamination Systems A. Earty Decontaminants B. Decontaminatlon SoMlon 2 (DS2) C. Decontaminants for Skin and Personal Equipment 111. Fundamental Reactions of Agents A. Chemical Agent Simulants 6. Hydrolysis C. Nucieophile-Assisted Substttution of HD D. The Oxidation of I-D and VX A. Heterogeneous LiquM Media IV. Decontamination Media 1729 1730 1730 1731 1732 1734 1734 1735 1735 1736 1737 1738 B. Polymer Powders and Supported Reagents 1738 V. Applicatlons of Catalysis to Decontamination 1739 A. Metal Ion Catalyzed Hydrolysis 1739 B. Enzymatic Decontaminatlon and 1740 C. Catalytic OxMation 1741 VI. Future Dlrections 1742
Richard Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effective responder communication improves efficiency and psychological outcomes in a mass Decontamination field experiment implications for public behaviour in the event of a chemical incident
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Holly Carter, John Drury, James G Rubin, Richard Amlot, Richard WilliamsAbstract:The risk of incidents involving mass Decontamination in response to a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear release has increased in recent years, due to technological advances, and the willingness of terrorists to use unconventional weapons. Planning for such incidents has focused on the technical issues involved, rather than on psychosocial concerns. This paper presents a novel experimental study, examining the effect of three different responder communication strategies on public experiences and behaviour during a mass Decontamination field experiment. Specifically, the research examined the impact of social identity processes on the relationship between effective responder communication, and relevant outcome variables (e.g. public compliance, public anxiety, and co-operative public behaviour). All participants (N = 111) were asked to visualise that they had been involved in an incident involving mass Decontamination, before undergoing the Decontamination process, and receiving one of three different communication strategies: 1) Health-focused explanations about Decontamination, and sufficient practical information; 2) No health-focused explanations about Decontamination, sufficient practical information; 3) No health-focused explanations about Decontamination, insufficient practical information. Four types of data were collected: timings of the Decontamination process; observational data; and quantitative and qualitative self-report data. The communication strategy which resulted in the most efficient progression of participants through the Decontamination process, as well as the fewest observations of non-compliance and confusion, was that which included both health-focused explanations about Decontamination and sufficient practical information. Further, this strategy resulted in increased perceptions of responder legitimacy and increased identification with responders, which in turn resulted in higher levels of expected compliance during a real incident, and increased willingness to help other members of the public. This study shows that an understanding of the social identity approach facilitates the development of effective responder communication strategies for incidents involving mass Decontamination.
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Public experiences of mass casualty Decontamination.
Biosecurity and Bioterrorism-biodefense Strategy Practice and Science, 2012Co-Authors: Holly Carter, John Drury, Richard Williams, G. James Rubin, Richard AmlotAbstract:In this article, we analyze feedback from simulated casualties who took part in field exercises involving mass Decontamination, to gain an understanding of how responder communication can affect people's experiences of and compliance with Decontamination. We analyzed questionnaire data gathered from 402 volunteers using the framework approach, to provide an insight into the public's experiences of Decontamination and how these experiences are shaped by the actions of emergency responders. Factors that affected casualties' experiences of the Decontamination process included the need for greater practical information and better communication from responders, and the need for privacy. Results support previous findings from small-scale incidents that involved Decontamination in showing that participants wanted better communication from responders during the process of Decontamination, including more practical information, and that the failure of responders to communicate effectively with members of the public...
