The Experts below are selected from a list of 5355 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Damien John Batstone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anaerobic digestion of spent bedding from Deep Litter piggery housing
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Stephan Tait, Jelmer Tamis, Bruce Edgerton, Damien John BatstoneAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates spent Litter from Deep Litter piggery housing as a potential substrate for farm-scale anaerobic digestion. Degradability and degradation rates were evaluated under mesophilic conditions for unused, lightly soiled (used by weaner/small pigs), and heavily soiled (used by finishing/large pigs) wheat straw, barley straw, and rice husks bedding. Apparent first order hydrolysis rate coefficients varied, but were comparable across all samples analysed (
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anaerobic digestion of spent bedding from Deep Litter piggery housing
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Stephan Tait, Jelmer Tamis, Bruce Edgerton, Damien John BatstoneAbstract:This paper investigates spent Litter from Deep Litter piggery housing as a potential substrate for farm-scale anaerobic digestion. Degradability and degradation rates were evaluated under mesophilic conditions for unused, lightly soiled (used by weaner/small pigs), and heavily soiled (used by finishing/large pigs) wheat straw, barley straw, and rice husks bedding. Apparent first order hydrolysis rate coefficients varied, but were comparable across all samples analysed (<0.1 day(-1)). Spent wheat straw was generally more degradable (approximately 60%) than spent barley straw, while spent barley straw was comparable to raw straw (40-50%), but with higher hydrolysis rates, indicating better accessibility. Rice husks were relatively poorly degradable (<20%), but degradability was improved by weathering in a pig shed. Digestion of spent barley and wheat straw Litter was significantly faster (approximately twice the rate) at low (8% solids) than high (14% solids) solids loading. Rice husks degradation kinetics were not significantly influenced by solids concentration. Intrinsic methanogenic activity of heavily soiled spent wheat straw and rice husks bedding was initially poor, but achieved full activity after 40-60 days, indicating that reactor operation without external inoculum may be possible with care.
Stephan Tait - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anaerobic digestion of spent bedding from Deep Litter piggery housing
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Stephan Tait, Jelmer Tamis, Bruce Edgerton, Damien John BatstoneAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates spent Litter from Deep Litter piggery housing as a potential substrate for farm-scale anaerobic digestion. Degradability and degradation rates were evaluated under mesophilic conditions for unused, lightly soiled (used by weaner/small pigs), and heavily soiled (used by finishing/large pigs) wheat straw, barley straw, and rice husks bedding. Apparent first order hydrolysis rate coefficients varied, but were comparable across all samples analysed (
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anaerobic digestion of spent bedding from Deep Litter piggery housing
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Stephan Tait, Jelmer Tamis, Bruce Edgerton, Damien John BatstoneAbstract:This paper investigates spent Litter from Deep Litter piggery housing as a potential substrate for farm-scale anaerobic digestion. Degradability and degradation rates were evaluated under mesophilic conditions for unused, lightly soiled (used by weaner/small pigs), and heavily soiled (used by finishing/large pigs) wheat straw, barley straw, and rice husks bedding. Apparent first order hydrolysis rate coefficients varied, but were comparable across all samples analysed (<0.1 day(-1)). Spent wheat straw was generally more degradable (approximately 60%) than spent barley straw, while spent barley straw was comparable to raw straw (40-50%), but with higher hydrolysis rates, indicating better accessibility. Rice husks were relatively poorly degradable (<20%), but degradability was improved by weathering in a pig shed. Digestion of spent barley and wheat straw Litter was significantly faster (approximately twice the rate) at low (8% solids) than high (14% solids) solids loading. Rice husks degradation kinetics were not significantly influenced by solids concentration. Intrinsic methanogenic activity of heavily soiled spent wheat straw and rice husks bedding was initially poor, but achieved full activity after 40-60 days, indicating that reactor operation without external inoculum may be possible with care.
Jelmer Tamis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anaerobic digestion of spent bedding from Deep Litter piggery housing
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Stephan Tait, Jelmer Tamis, Bruce Edgerton, Damien John BatstoneAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates spent Litter from Deep Litter piggery housing as a potential substrate for farm-scale anaerobic digestion. Degradability and degradation rates were evaluated under mesophilic conditions for unused, lightly soiled (used by weaner/small pigs), and heavily soiled (used by finishing/large pigs) wheat straw, barley straw, and rice husks bedding. Apparent first order hydrolysis rate coefficients varied, but were comparable across all samples analysed (
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anaerobic digestion of spent bedding from Deep Litter piggery housing
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Stephan Tait, Jelmer Tamis, Bruce Edgerton, Damien John BatstoneAbstract:This paper investigates spent Litter from Deep Litter piggery housing as a potential substrate for farm-scale anaerobic digestion. Degradability and degradation rates were evaluated under mesophilic conditions for unused, lightly soiled (used by weaner/small pigs), and heavily soiled (used by finishing/large pigs) wheat straw, barley straw, and rice husks bedding. Apparent first order hydrolysis rate coefficients varied, but were comparable across all samples analysed (<0.1 day(-1)). Spent wheat straw was generally more degradable (approximately 60%) than spent barley straw, while spent barley straw was comparable to raw straw (40-50%), but with higher hydrolysis rates, indicating better accessibility. Rice husks were relatively poorly degradable (<20%), but degradability was improved by weathering in a pig shed. Digestion of spent barley and wheat straw Litter was significantly faster (approximately twice the rate) at low (8% solids) than high (14% solids) solids loading. Rice husks degradation kinetics were not significantly influenced by solids concentration. Intrinsic methanogenic activity of heavily soiled spent wheat straw and rice husks bedding was initially poor, but achieved full activity after 40-60 days, indicating that reactor operation without external inoculum may be possible with care.
Bruce Edgerton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anaerobic digestion of spent bedding from Deep Litter piggery housing
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Stephan Tait, Jelmer Tamis, Bruce Edgerton, Damien John BatstoneAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates spent Litter from Deep Litter piggery housing as a potential substrate for farm-scale anaerobic digestion. Degradability and degradation rates were evaluated under mesophilic conditions for unused, lightly soiled (used by weaner/small pigs), and heavily soiled (used by finishing/large pigs) wheat straw, barley straw, and rice husks bedding. Apparent first order hydrolysis rate coefficients varied, but were comparable across all samples analysed (
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anaerobic digestion of spent bedding from Deep Litter piggery housing
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Stephan Tait, Jelmer Tamis, Bruce Edgerton, Damien John BatstoneAbstract:This paper investigates spent Litter from Deep Litter piggery housing as a potential substrate for farm-scale anaerobic digestion. Degradability and degradation rates were evaluated under mesophilic conditions for unused, lightly soiled (used by weaner/small pigs), and heavily soiled (used by finishing/large pigs) wheat straw, barley straw, and rice husks bedding. Apparent first order hydrolysis rate coefficients varied, but were comparable across all samples analysed (<0.1 day(-1)). Spent wheat straw was generally more degradable (approximately 60%) than spent barley straw, while spent barley straw was comparable to raw straw (40-50%), but with higher hydrolysis rates, indicating better accessibility. Rice husks were relatively poorly degradable (<20%), but degradability was improved by weathering in a pig shed. Digestion of spent barley and wheat straw Litter was significantly faster (approximately twice the rate) at low (8% solids) than high (14% solids) solids loading. Rice husks degradation kinetics were not significantly influenced by solids concentration. Intrinsic methanogenic activity of heavily soiled spent wheat straw and rice husks bedding was initially poor, but achieved full activity after 40-60 days, indicating that reactor operation without external inoculum may be possible with care.
Sven G Sommer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of composting on nutrient loss and nitrogen availability of cattle Deep Litter
European Journal of Agronomy, 2001Co-Authors: Sven G SommerAbstract:Abstract Nitrogen and carbon emissions and plant nutrient leaching during storage of solid Deep Litter from dairy cow houses was examined in this study. Included was an assessment of the potential for reducing emission and leaching losses by compaction, mixing and by covering the Deep Litter. During a composting period of 132 days from October 1998 to March 1999, emissions of NH 3 , N 2 O and CH 4 and leaching of nutrients during composting were measured. Denitrification was estimated as N unaccounted for in N mass balance calculations. During mixing of the Deep Litter, N was lost and the emission and leaching losses during composting were consequently low compared with the other treatments. Covering the compost with a porous tarpaulin or compacting the compost reduced emission losses to 12–18% of total-N compared with a loss of 28% during composting of untreated Deep Litter. Most of the nitrogen loss was due to NH 3 volatilization; leaching accounted for about one fifth of the N losses and only a little N was lost due to denitrification. Leaching loss of potassium (K) was 8–16% of the amount present at the start of the experiment; compaction and a cover reduced the volume of liquid leaching from the heaps and K loss. Less than 0.3% of the total-N was emitted as N 2 O, and CH 4 emission was between 0.01 and 0.03% of the C in the stored Deep Litter. The yield level of barley was poor in this study and the fertilizer effect of compost was low. The yield response of barley showed that compost had a significantly lower fertilizer efficiency than Deep Litter applied to the field directly after emptying the animal house.
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emission of greenhouse gases during composting of Deep Litter from pig production effect of straw content
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2000Co-Authors: Sven G Sommer, Henrik Bjarne MollerAbstract:Of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission in Denmark animal manure contributes an estimated 40% of methane (CH 4 ) and 20% of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Livestock production systems undergo changes for the purpose of increasing animal welfare, and such changes often include increasing the amounts of bedding manure. Emission of greenhouse gases from composting pig Deep Litter was studied during a 4-month period. Effects of increasing the amount of straw used in Deep Litter (reducing Litter density) were included in the study. Methane was produced at a high rate in the centre of the heap at high density during the thermophilic phase of composting, and CH 4 emission was only measured during this phase. In this treatment N 2 O was also produced in the centre both initially and after the temperature of the compost had dropped to below 45 °C. Emissions of N 2 O were only significant in the low temperature phases. Production of N 2 O was probably restricted to the surface layers during the thermophilic phase of composting. Total carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions were 7·37 and 0·09 kg C/t fresh weight from the heaps with bulk densities of 0·44 and 0·23 kg/l, respectively. Methane emission from the high density compost heap was 191 g C/t and N 2 O emission was 58 g N/t. Emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O from the low density heap were not detected. The greenhouse effect of gas emission from the high density compost heap was calculated by multiplying the climate force efficiencies and the cumulated gas emission. This calculation showed that CH 4 contributes almost as much to the global warming potential as CO 2 , and N 2 O contributed twice as much as CO 2 .
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nutrient and carbon balance during the composting of Deep Litter
Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1999Co-Authors: Sven G Sommer, P DahlAbstract:During the storage of solid animal manure, biological transformation of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) may increase the temperature from 60 to 70°C, i.e. composting. Composting may cause emission losses of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Furthermore, plant nutrients may leach from the compost heaps. During a composting period of 197 day from September 1997 to April 1998, emission of NH3, nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and CO2was measured using dynamic chambers covering three heaps of Deep Litter from a house with dairy cows. Leaching of nutrients during composting was determined. Denitrification was estimated as N unaccounted for in an N mass balance. The heaps were either mixed once after 30 days, compressed initially or left untreated. Compacting the heap caused a temperature increase from 10 to 50–60°C. The temperature increased from 30 to 40°C in the heap being mixed. From both the compacted and mixed heap, the cumulative ammonia volatilization was 0·2 kg N/t corresponding to between 2·6 and 3% of the total N. Half of this amount was lost from the untreated heap in which the temperature only increased marginally in the first days after the start of the experiment. Cumulative CO2losses were 33 (19%), 20 (12%) and 17 kg C/t (10%) from the Litter mixed after 30 days, compressed Deep Litter and untreated Deep Litter, respectively. Emissions of N2O and CH4were low. Nitrogen losses due to leaching were <0·8% of the initial N. Total nitrogen losses due to denitrification, NH3emission and leaching was from 5 to 19% of the initial N, the lowest from mixed and the highest from untreated Litter.
