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Iede E. T. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sample size for monitoring sirex populations and their natural enemies.
'Embrapa Florestas', 2016Co-Authors: Penteado, Do S. R. C., E. B. De ,oliveira, Iede E. T.Abstract:A vespa-da-madeira, Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) foi introduzida no Brasil em 1988 e tornou-se a principal praga dos plantios de pínus. Encontra-se distribuída em aproximadamente 1.000.000 de ha em diferentes níveis populacionais nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo e Minas Gerais. O controle da população da vespa-da-madeira é feito principalmente pela utilização do nematoide Deladenus siricidicola Bedding (Nematoda: Neothylenchidae). A avaliação da eficiência dos inimigos naturais é dificultada por não haver um sistema de amostragem apropriado. Este estudo testou o sistema de amostragem hierárquica para definir o tamanho da amostra para monitorar a população de S. noctilio e também a eficiência dos inimigos naturais, a qual mostrou-se adequada.201
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Utilização da amostragem seqüencial para avaliar a eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) em adultos de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae).
Ciência Florestal Santa Maria v. 18 n. 2 p. 223-231 abr. jun. 2008., 2011Co-Authors: Penteado, Do S. C., E. B. De ,oliveira, Iede E. T.Abstract:O nematóide Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) é o principal agente de controle de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), vespa-da-madeira. ao esterilizar as fêmeas do inseto, atinge níveis de parasitismo próximos a 100%, com média de 70%. o monitoramento da eficiência do nematóide tem sido realizado pela avaliação da sua presença no aparelho reprodutor de machos e fêmeas do inseto. porém, esse processo é exaustivo e antieconômico quando aplicado a amostras muito grandes. o objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar a técnica da amostragem seqüencial para avaliação da eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola em adultos de Sirex noctilio, a qual se mostrou como uma alternativa viável, pois se baseia em um tamanho variável de amostra, definido em função dos resultados obtidos durante os levantamentos amostrais, resultando em redução do tamanho da amostra, dos custos da atividade e precisão nos resultados. foram também abordados aspectos do parasitismo por Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola.bitstream/item/30247/1/UTILIZACAO-DA-AMOSTRAGEM-SEQUENCIAL-PARA-AVALIAR-A-EFICIENCIA.pd
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Utilização da amostragem seqüencial para avaliar a eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) em adultos de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae).
Ciência Florestal Santa Maria v. 18 n. 2 p. 223-231 abr. jun. 2008., 2008Co-Authors: Penteado, Do S. C., E. B. De ,oliveira, Iede E. T.Abstract:O nematóide Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) é o principal agente de controle de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), vespa-da-madeira. ao esterilizar as fêmeas do inseto, atinge níveis de parasitismo próximos a 100%, com média de 70%. o monitoramento da eficiência do nematóide tem sido realizado pela avaliação da sua presença no aparelho reprodutor de machos e fêmeas do inseto. porém, esse processo é exaustivo e antieconômico quando aplicado a amostras muito grandes. o objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar a técnica da amostragem seqüencial para avaliação da eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola em adultos de Sirex noctilio, a qual se mostrou como uma alternativa viável, pois se baseia em um tamanho variável de amostra, definido em função dos resultados obtidos durante os levantamentos amostrais, resultando em redução do tamanho da amostra, dos custos da atividade e precisão nos resultados. foram também abordados aspectos do parasitismo por Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola.200
Penteado, Susete Do Rocio Chiarello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tamanho da amostra para monitorar a população de sirex e de seus inimigos naturais
Embrapa Florestas, 2016Co-Authors: Penteado, Susete Do Rocio Chiarello, Edilson Batista De Oliveira, Iede, Edson TadeuAbstract:The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) was introduced in Brazil in 1988 and became the main pest in pine plantations. It has spread to about 1.000.000 ha, at different population levels, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Control is done mainly by using a nematode, Deladenus siricidicola Bedding (Nematoda: Neothylenchidae). The evaluation of the efficiency of natural enemies has been difficult because there are no appropriate sampling systems. This study tested a hierarchical sampling system to define the sample size to monitor the S. noctilio population and the efficiency of their natural enemies, which was found to be perfectly adequate.A vespa-da-madeira, Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) foi introduzida no Brasil em 1988 e tornou-se a principal praga dos plantios de pínus. Encontra-se distribuída em aproximadamente 1.000.000 de ha em diferentes níveis populacionais nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo e Minas Gerais. O controle da população da vespa-da-madeira é feito principalmente pela utilização do nematoide Deladenus siricidicola Bedding (Nematoda: Neothylenchidae). A avaliação da eficiência dos inimigos naturais é dificultada por não haver um sistema de amostragem apropriado. Este estudo testou o sistema de amostragem hierárquica para definir o tamanho da amostra para monitorar a população de S. noctilio e também a eficiência dos inimigos naturais, a qual mostrou-se adequada
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Use of sequential sampling to evaluate the efficiency of Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) parasitism on Sirex noctilio adults (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Centro de Pesquisas Florestais - CEPEF Departamento de Ciências Florestais - DCFL Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Florestal - PPGEF, 2009Co-Authors: Penteado, Susete Do Rocio Chiarello, De Oliveira, Edílson Batista, Iede, Edson TadeuAbstract:O nematóide Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) é o principal agente de controle de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), vespa-da-madeira. ao esterilizar as fêmeas do inseto, atinge níveis de parasitismo próximos a 100%, com média de 70%. o monitoramento da eficiência do nematóide tem sido realizado pela avaliação da sua presença no aparelho reprodutor de machos e fêmeas do inseto. porém, esse processo é exaustivo e antieconômico quando aplicado a amostras muito grandes. o objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar a técnica da amostragem seqüencial para avaliação da eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola em adultos de Sirex noctilio, a qual se mostrou como uma alternativa viável, pois se baseia em um tamanho variável de amostra, definido em função dos resultados obtidos durante os levantamentos amostrais, resultando em redução do tamanho da amostra, dos custos da atividade e precisão nos resultados. foram também abordados aspectos do parasitismo por Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola.The nematode Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) is the main control agent of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). It acts by female sterilization and reaches parasitism levels close to 100%, averaging 70%. The monitoring of the efficiency of this nematode parasitism has been done by evaluating the presence of the worm in the reproductive apparatus of male and female wasps, but this process is time consuming and expensive when applied to large samples. The objective of this research was to apply the sequential sampling which has proved to be a viable alternative to evaluate the efficiency of the parasitism of Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola on Sirex noctilio. It is based on a variable sample size that is defined in function of the results obtained from the survey, reducing the costs of sampling and obtaining a satisfactory precision level. Some aspects of parasitism by Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola are addressed
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Utilização da amostragem seqüencial para avaliar a eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) em adultos de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae).
'Universidad Federal de Santa Maria', 2008Co-Authors: Penteado, Susete Do Rocio Chiarello, Edilson Batista De Oliveira, Iede, Edson TadeuAbstract:The nematode Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) is the main control agent of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). It acts by female sterilization and reaches parasitism levels close to 100%, averaging 70%. The monitoring of the efficiency of this nematode parasitism has been done by evaluating the presence of the worm in the reproductive apparatus of male and female wasps, but this process is time consuming and expensive when applied to large samples. The objective of this research was to apply the sequential sampling which has proved to be a viable alternative to evaluate the efficiency of the parasitism of Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola on Sirex noctilio. It is based on a variable sample size that is defined in function of the results obtained from the survey, reducing the costs of sampling and obtaining a satisfactory precision level. Some aspects of parasitism by Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola are addressed.O nematóide Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) é o principal agente de controle de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), vespa-da-madeira. ao esterilizar as fêmeas do inseto, atinge níveis de parasitismo próximos a 100%, com média de 70%. o monitoramento da eficiência do nematóide tem sido realizado pela avaliação da sua presença no aparelho reprodutor de machos e fêmeas do inseto. porém, esse processo é exaustivo e antieconômico quando aplicado a amostras muito grandes. o objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar a técnica da amostragem seqüencial para avaliação da eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola em adultos de Sirex noctilio, a qual se mostrou como uma alternativa viável, pois se baseia em um tamanho variável de amostra, definido em função dos resultados obtidos durante os levantamentos amostrais, resultando em redução do tamanho da amostra, dos custos da atividade e precisão nos resultados. foram também abordados aspectos do parasitismo por Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola
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Métodos de amostragem para avaliação populacional de Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) e de seus inimigos naturais, em Pinus taeda L. e aspectos do controle biológico
1995Co-Authors: Penteado, Susete Do Rocio ChiarelloAbstract:Orientador: Prof. Dr. Honório Roberto dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências BiológicasInclui referências: p. 108-119Área de Concentração: EntomologiaResumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivos definir métodos de amostragem para avaliação populacional de Sirex noctilio e dos níveis de parasitismo de Deladenus sirícidicola e Ibalia leucospoides, bem como, abordar aspectos relacionados ao controle biológico da praga. Para isso, foram instalados experimentos em povoamentos de Pinus taeda em Encruzilhada do Sul - RS e Lages - SC, onde havia sido constatada a presença de I. leucospoides. Em cada local foram selecionadas cinco árvores atacadas por S. noctilio, onde procedeu-se à inoculação de nematóides. As árvores foram divididas em toretes de 0,50 m, os quais foram acondicionados em gaiolas. Todos os adultos de S. noctilio que emergiram foram contados e dissecados sob lupa, para determinação da porcentagem de parasitismo por D. sirícidicola. Os adultos de I. leucospoides foram contados, para o posterior cálculo da porcentagem de parasitismo. Para o estudo dos percentuais de ataque de S. noctilio em povoamentos de P. taeda, e percentuais de parasitismo de D.sirícidicola em adultos de S. noctilio, procurou-se definir um método de amostragem que priorizasse a redução dos custos e ao mesmo tempo oferecesse uma boa precisão dos resultados. Assim, a amostragem sequencial foi considerada a alternativa mais viável, por não apresentar um tamanho fixo de amostra, o qual é definido em função de resultados obtidos durante os levantamentos amostrais. O estudo da distribuição dos insetos ao longo do tronco indicou que a região correspondente aos 30% iniciais do tronco, apesar de apresentar maior volume de madeira, é menos preferida por S. noctilio e seus inimigos naturais. A análise de resíduos permitiu verificar que, na região compreendida entre 30% e 80% da altura total do tronco, ocorreu menor dispersão dos dados observados em relação aos pontos estimados pela equação de regressão, sendo que, para melhor precisão dos resultados, os toretes devem ser coletados nesta região, correspondendo ao terço médio e a metade do terço superior da árvore. Através da utilização de um modelo matemático de classificação hierárquica, foram elaboradas tabelas de coeficientes de variação, com as quais tomou-se possível o estabelecimento do número de árvores e de toretes que deverão ser amostrados, levando-se em consideração, principalmente, o custo desta atividade e o espaço para o armazenamento das amostras. A definição dos níveis de nematóides em adultos de S. noctilio, indicou que, em Encruzilhada do Sul, onde 99,46% dos insetos apresentaram nível alto de nematóides, a porcentagem média de parasitismo, na área, também foi alta, 71,79%. Em Lages, onde 55,91% dos insetos apresentaram nível baixo de nematóides, a porcentagem média de parasitismo foi de apenas 26,59%, indicando que existe relação entre o nível de nematóides e a eficiência de D. sirícidicola. Para a avaliação dos percentuais de ataque de S. noctilio em povoamentos de P. taeda e do parasitismo de D. sirícidicola em adultos de S. noctilio, foram elaboradas tabelas, utilizando-se a amostragem sequencial. Em função do tamanho da amostra ser dimensionado à medida em que os resultados vão sendo obtidos, não ocorrem desperdícios com tamanhos excessivos e nem falta de precisão com tamanhos reduzidos da amostra. Isto propicia maior rapidez na obtenção dos resultados, economia de tempo e, consequentemente, redução dos custos da operação.Abstract: This thesis aimed at defining sampling methods to evaluate Sirex noctilio population and its parasitism by Deladenus sirícidicola and Ibalia leucospoides, as well as, discussing some aspects related to biological control of this pest. An experiment was installed in Pinus taeda plantation in Encruzilhada do Sul, RS and other in Lages, SC, in areas where I. leucospoides had already been detected. Five trees attacked by S. noctilio were selected in each place where the nematodes had been inoculated previously. The trees were divided in logs 0,50 m long and placed in cages. Every S. noctilio adult emerged was counted and dissected under stereoscopic microscope to determine the percentage of parasitism by D. sirícidicola. The adults of I. leucospoides were counted for future calculations of parasitism. Sequential sampling was chosen as the sampling method for determining S. noctilio attack in P. taeda and percentage of parasitism by D. sirícidicola in S. noctilio adults as this is a low cost method with precise results. Besides, it does not requires a fixed sample size once it is determined during sampling survey. The distribution study of insects along the trunk showed that the first 30% of the trunk is less preferred by S. noctilio and their natural enemies because despite of a greater wood volume in that region the number of insects emerged was lower. The residual analysis showed that the region between 30% and 80% from total trunk height had a lower data dispersion to the points estimated by regression equation. The logs should be collected at the medium third part and at the first half of the superior third part of the trunk for a better precision in the results. It was possible to determine the number of trees and logs that should be sampled by using a mathematical model of hierarchical classification to elaborate tables of coefficient of variation (CV) based on a pre-determined CV. The definition of levels of nematodes in adults of S. noctilio showed that in Encruzilhada do Sul, where 99,46% of insects presented high levels of matodes, the percentage of parasitism was also high (71,79%). In Lages, where 55,91% of the insects presented low levels of nematodes, the percentage of parasitism was only 26,59%, showing that there is a relationship between the levels of nematodes and the efficiency of D. sirícidicola. In the same way, by using a technic of sequential sampling it was defined the sampling size to evaluate parasitism levels of D. sirícidicola in adults of S. noctilio through the elaboration of tables with differents levels of precision. As sample size is determined when results are obtained, no excessive sampling occurs and there are not losses in precision due to reduced sample size. Therefore, results are rapidly collected in a cost effective way
Iede, Edson Tadeu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tamanho da amostra para monitorar a população de sirex e de seus inimigos naturais
Embrapa Florestas, 2016Co-Authors: Penteado, Susete Do Rocio Chiarello, Edilson Batista De Oliveira, Iede, Edson TadeuAbstract:The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) was introduced in Brazil in 1988 and became the main pest in pine plantations. It has spread to about 1.000.000 ha, at different population levels, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Control is done mainly by using a nematode, Deladenus siricidicola Bedding (Nematoda: Neothylenchidae). The evaluation of the efficiency of natural enemies has been difficult because there are no appropriate sampling systems. This study tested a hierarchical sampling system to define the sample size to monitor the S. noctilio population and the efficiency of their natural enemies, which was found to be perfectly adequate.A vespa-da-madeira, Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) foi introduzida no Brasil em 1988 e tornou-se a principal praga dos plantios de pínus. Encontra-se distribuída em aproximadamente 1.000.000 de ha em diferentes níveis populacionais nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo e Minas Gerais. O controle da população da vespa-da-madeira é feito principalmente pela utilização do nematoide Deladenus siricidicola Bedding (Nematoda: Neothylenchidae). A avaliação da eficiência dos inimigos naturais é dificultada por não haver um sistema de amostragem apropriado. Este estudo testou o sistema de amostragem hierárquica para definir o tamanho da amostra para monitorar a população de S. noctilio e também a eficiência dos inimigos naturais, a qual mostrou-se adequada
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Use of sequential sampling to evaluate the efficiency of Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) parasitism on Sirex noctilio adults (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Centro de Pesquisas Florestais - CEPEF Departamento de Ciências Florestais - DCFL Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Florestal - PPGEF, 2009Co-Authors: Penteado, Susete Do Rocio Chiarello, De Oliveira, Edílson Batista, Iede, Edson TadeuAbstract:O nematóide Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) é o principal agente de controle de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), vespa-da-madeira. ao esterilizar as fêmeas do inseto, atinge níveis de parasitismo próximos a 100%, com média de 70%. o monitoramento da eficiência do nematóide tem sido realizado pela avaliação da sua presença no aparelho reprodutor de machos e fêmeas do inseto. porém, esse processo é exaustivo e antieconômico quando aplicado a amostras muito grandes. o objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar a técnica da amostragem seqüencial para avaliação da eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola em adultos de Sirex noctilio, a qual se mostrou como uma alternativa viável, pois se baseia em um tamanho variável de amostra, definido em função dos resultados obtidos durante os levantamentos amostrais, resultando em redução do tamanho da amostra, dos custos da atividade e precisão nos resultados. foram também abordados aspectos do parasitismo por Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola.The nematode Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) is the main control agent of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). It acts by female sterilization and reaches parasitism levels close to 100%, averaging 70%. The monitoring of the efficiency of this nematode parasitism has been done by evaluating the presence of the worm in the reproductive apparatus of male and female wasps, but this process is time consuming and expensive when applied to large samples. The objective of this research was to apply the sequential sampling which has proved to be a viable alternative to evaluate the efficiency of the parasitism of Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola on Sirex noctilio. It is based on a variable sample size that is defined in function of the results obtained from the survey, reducing the costs of sampling and obtaining a satisfactory precision level. Some aspects of parasitism by Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola are addressed
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Utilização da amostragem seqüencial para avaliar a eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) em adultos de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae).
'Universidad Federal de Santa Maria', 2008Co-Authors: Penteado, Susete Do Rocio Chiarello, Edilson Batista De Oliveira, Iede, Edson TadeuAbstract:The nematode Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) is the main control agent of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). It acts by female sterilization and reaches parasitism levels close to 100%, averaging 70%. The monitoring of the efficiency of this nematode parasitism has been done by evaluating the presence of the worm in the reproductive apparatus of male and female wasps, but this process is time consuming and expensive when applied to large samples. The objective of this research was to apply the sequential sampling which has proved to be a viable alternative to evaluate the efficiency of the parasitism of Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola on Sirex noctilio. It is based on a variable sample size that is defined in function of the results obtained from the survey, reducing the costs of sampling and obtaining a satisfactory precision level. Some aspects of parasitism by Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola are addressed.O nematóide Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) é o principal agente de controle de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), vespa-da-madeira. ao esterilizar as fêmeas do inseto, atinge níveis de parasitismo próximos a 100%, com média de 70%. o monitoramento da eficiência do nematóide tem sido realizado pela avaliação da sua presença no aparelho reprodutor de machos e fêmeas do inseto. porém, esse processo é exaustivo e antieconômico quando aplicado a amostras muito grandes. o objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar a técnica da amostragem seqüencial para avaliação da eficiência do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola em adultos de Sirex noctilio, a qual se mostrou como uma alternativa viável, pois se baseia em um tamanho variável de amostra, definido em função dos resultados obtidos durante os levantamentos amostrais, resultando em redução do tamanho da amostra, dos custos da atividade e precisão nos resultados. foram também abordados aspectos do parasitismo por Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola
Erin E Morris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic variability among native and introduced strains of the parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2020Co-Authors: Erin E Morris, Patrick M Ogrady, Gyorgy Csoka, Ann E HajekAbstract:Sirex noctilio is an invasive Eurasian woodwasp that can kill pine (Pinus spp.) trees and has been introduced to areas of the Southern Hemisphere where plantations of introduced pines are grown. The main method of control of this invasive pest has been introduction and augmentation of a parasitic nematode, Deladenus siricidicola. The strain of D. siricidicola used for biological control of S. noctilio in the Southern Hemisphere originated in Sopron, Hungary. The genotype of D. siricidicola used for biological control sterilizes females of the strain of S. noctilio present in Australia. However, different strains of S. noctilio have been introduced to different geographic areas that have been invaded and different combinations of D. siricidicola and S. noctilio genotypes vary in whether these nematodes sterilize female S. noctilio. Moreover, even in the event of sterilization, partial sterilization can occur, where not all woodwasp eggs are compromised. Sirex noctilio has now invaded North America accidentally, putatively accompanying D. siricidicola, but these host/parasite pairings do not result in female sterilization. More information is needed about the genetic diversity of D. siricidicola both where it is native and introduced. In addition, the host range of these nematodes is necessary to understand to evaluate their potential use in areas where pine communities are native. We collected and evaluated Deladenus parasitizing S. noctilio, S. juvencus, and associated insects in Hungary, Denmark, Spain, and Italy, as well as in the United States. Phylogenetic analyses were unable to fully provide fine resolution, although some community structure was evident. Many D. siricidicola samples from Hungary had identical COI and ITS sequences to the strain of D. siricidicola accidentally introduced to North America putatively when S. noctilio invaded. The same or similar strains of D. siricidicola parasitize two different Sirex species that utilize pines as well as a Sirex parasitoid and a pine-boring beetle, demonstrating some limited variability in host specificity of this species. These results highlight the genetic diversity of Deladenus siricidicola in its native range in Europe.
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characterisation of the dimorphic Deladenus beddingi n sp and its associated woodwasp and fungus
Nematology, 2018Co-Authors: Erin E Morris, David W. Williams, Patricia S Stock, Louela A Castrillo, Ann E HajekAbstract:A new dimorphic species of Deladenus isolated from Sirex californicus from Washington, USA, is described as D. beddingi n. sp. Evolutionary relationships of the new species with other Deladenus species were assessed using multilocus sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships derived from analyses of mt CO1 and ITS showed D. beddingi n. sp. to be genetically distinct from other North American Deladenus parasitising Sirex . Molecular analyses indicated that D. beddingi n. sp. is a member of the D. siricidicola species complex, which also includes undescribed native Deladenus from Sirex cyaneus and S. nitidus , and D. siricidicola from S. noctilio . Mycophagous adults were characterised by the position of the excretory pore, which was located 32 (22-52) and 48 (38-69) μ m anterior to the hemizonid in mycophagous females and males, respectively. Typologically, the new species is most similar to D. siricidicola , D. proximus and D. nitobei , but can be distinguished from these species by several morphometric traits, including the value of ratios a, b, c of the mycophagous females and males, ratio b of the infective females, and the morphology of the tail of the mycophagous females, which is narrow and gradually tapering. This novel nematode species feeds on the fungus Amylostereum chailletii during its mycophagous phase. Experimental results showed very little reproduction by D. beddingi n. sp. when feeding on A. areolatum compared to robust reproduction when feeding on A. chailletii .
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growth of the sirex parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola on the white rot fungus amylostereum
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2016Co-Authors: Isis A L Caetano, Erin E MorrisAbstract:The Kamona strain of the nematode Deladenus siricidicola has been extensively used as a biological control agent against invasive Sirex noctilio woodwasps in the Southern Hemisphere, where it sterilizes female hosts. In North America, a non-sterilizing (NS) strain of D. siricidicola, thought to have been introduced with S. noctilio, is commonly found parasitizing this invasive woodwasp. Species of Deladenus that parasitize Sirex have a parasitic form, as well as a mycophagous form. The mycophagous form feeds on Sirex fungal symbionts in the genus Amylostereum. The goal of this study was to compare reproduction of NS and Kamona D. siricidicola when feeding on four isolates of Amylostereum areolatum (three introduced and one native in North America) and one native strain of Amylostereum chailletii isolated from Sirex nigricornis. Mycophagous forms of the two D. siricidicola strains displayed relatively similar production of offspring when feeding on most of the A. areolatum found associated with S. noctilio in this continent, except for strain BD on which NS produced more offspring than the biological control strain Kamona. Growth of both nematodes was greater on the introduced versus the native A. areolatum isolates.
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Deladenus tylenchida neotylenchidae reproduction on species and strains of the white rot fungus amylostereum
Biological Control, 2014Co-Authors: Erin E Morris, Ann E Hajek, Elliott A Zieman, David W. WilliamsAbstract:Deladenus siricidicola nematodes are used for the biological control of invasive Sirex noctilio woodwasps in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the discovery of established S. noctilio in North America and Canada in 2005, a similar biological control program is under consideration in the United States. In this study, a culture of Deladenus nematodes was established from a native Sirex nigricornis woodwasp collected in New York State. These nematodes were identified as Deladenus proximus using molecular and morphometric techniques. D. siricidicola Kamona are mass produced for biological control when feeding on the white rot fungus Amylostereum areolatum in the Southern Hemisphere, so we compared the relative development and reproduction of mycophagous forms of both nematode species when feeding on native and invasive strains of Amylostereum fungus. D. siricidicola Kamona were able to reproduce on all strains of A. areolatum tested, but reproduced poorly on the A. areolatum strain they would be most likely to encounter in northeastern North America, should the nematode be released. Multiple strains of both species of Amylostereum were observed to grow over nematode eggs, preventing them from hatching. D. proximus were able to reproduce well on both Amylostereumchailletii and A. areolatum, despite prior evidence suggesting only A. chailletii is a suitable food source. This is the first report of the ability of D. proximus to survive and reproduce on A. areolatum, the fungal symbiont usually carried by S.noctilio, suggesting this native nematode should be evaluated for its ability to parasitize and sterilize S. noctilio.
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parasitism of sirex noctilio by non sterilizing Deladenus siricidicola in northeastern north america
Biological Control, 2013Co-Authors: Stefanie A Kroll, Ann E Hajek, Erin E Morris, Stefan J LongAbstract:Abstract The parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola Bedding (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae) has been extensively used for biological control of the wood wasp Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), an invasive pest of pine trees (Pinus spp.) in the Southern Hemisphere. The virulent strain of D. siricidicola used for biological control sterilizes S. noctilio females, although non-sterilizing strains of this nematode also occur. A non-sterilizing (NS) strain is established in the most recent invasion of S. noctilio, in northeastern North America. This study analyzed the effects of the NS strain of D. siricidicola on invasive S. noctilio collected from New York State and Pennsylvania. Nematode parasitism had a direct negative relationship on the number of eggs produced by the pro-ovigenic adult female S. noctilio. Nematode presence also negatively influenced the number of eggs indirectly, due to smaller size in nematode-parasitized females. Nematode-parasitized females produced an average of 29 fewer eggs than healthy females. On average, male and female nematode-parasitized S. noctilio emerged earlier from trees than healthy S. noctilio, and the size of female S. noctilio was not related to emergence date. S. noctilio with NS nematodes were found in 44.0% of trees and 26.9% of all individuals diagnosed, reaching 27.9 ± 26.0% parasitism (mean ± S.D.) when averaged across sites. There was greater parasitism of female S. noctilio than males. We also examined parasitism by hymenopteran parasitoids in association with parasitism by NS D. siricidicola. Parasitism by nematodes averaged 31.9 ± 35.4% per tree, while parasitism by hymenopteran parasitoids averaged 41.8 ± 19.6%. In terms of management, NS D. siricidicola may be less effective in providing biological control compared with sterilizing D. siricidicola or parasitic hymenopterans; the latter two natural enemies prevent all or most reproduction of S. noctilio, while the NS strain is primarily associated with a reduction in S. noctilio size and fecundity.
David W. Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterisation of the dimorphic Deladenus beddingi n sp and its associated woodwasp and fungus
Nematology, 2018Co-Authors: Erin E Morris, David W. Williams, Patricia S Stock, Louela A Castrillo, Ann E HajekAbstract:A new dimorphic species of Deladenus isolated from Sirex californicus from Washington, USA, is described as D. beddingi n. sp. Evolutionary relationships of the new species with other Deladenus species were assessed using multilocus sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships derived from analyses of mt CO1 and ITS showed D. beddingi n. sp. to be genetically distinct from other North American Deladenus parasitising Sirex . Molecular analyses indicated that D. beddingi n. sp. is a member of the D. siricidicola species complex, which also includes undescribed native Deladenus from Sirex cyaneus and S. nitidus , and D. siricidicola from S. noctilio . Mycophagous adults were characterised by the position of the excretory pore, which was located 32 (22-52) and 48 (38-69) μ m anterior to the hemizonid in mycophagous females and males, respectively. Typologically, the new species is most similar to D. siricidicola , D. proximus and D. nitobei , but can be distinguished from these species by several morphometric traits, including the value of ratios a, b, c of the mycophagous females and males, ratio b of the infective females, and the morphology of the tail of the mycophagous females, which is narrow and gradually tapering. This novel nematode species feeds on the fungus Amylostereum chailletii during its mycophagous phase. Experimental results showed very little reproduction by D. beddingi n. sp. when feeding on A. areolatum compared to robust reproduction when feeding on A. chailletii .
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biological control of sirex noctilio hymenoptera siricidae in the northeastern united states using an exotic parasitic nematode
Biological Control, 2017Co-Authors: David W. Williams, Ann E HajekAbstract:Abstract The woodwasp Sirex noctilio is a devastating killer of pines in the southern hemisphere. Over the 20th Century, it has invaded exotic pine plantations in New Zealand, Australia, South America, and South Africa successively. In response to this woodwasp threat, in the 1960–70s CSIRO in Australia launched a major campaign of exploration for biological control agents in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, the presumed indigenous range of S. noctilio. The most promising natural enemy discovered was a nematode, Deladenus siricidicola, which lives inside a pine tree as a mycophagous form but becomes parasitic when near host larvae and sterilizes adult woodwasp females. Australian scientists developed a biological control management system based on the nematode, including how to rear and release it in the field. The CSIRO program has been a model for Sirex management in the pine-growing regions of the southern hemisphere since the 1960s. Thus, when S. noctilio was collected in North America in 2004, it seemed natural to try using the Australian model as a simple technology transfer. Unfortunately the transfer has not proved to be so simple. In the following, we present the results of six years of experimental controlled release studies, in which no nematodes were actually released into the field. One of the first discoveries was that another strain, a “non-sterilizing” strain, of D. siricidicola was already present in the areas invaded by S. noctilio. Our annual studies compared infection rates between trees inoculated with the Australian “Kamona strain” and controls without nematodes. In most cases, the treated trees had the higher rates of nematode parasitism, but the controls were not always zero, suggesting that the non-sterilizing strain was well-established in our study plots. Many of the Kamona-treated trees did not contain Kamonas, suggesting that the non-sterilizing strain may have out-competed the Kamonas. Even with Kamona treatments, there was relatively little sterilization, indeed much less than expected. It seems likely that the S. noctilio strain invading North America is physiologically different from the Australian nematode and not susceptible to Kamona sterilization. Another interesting result was observed between host tree species. In a three-year study, nematode parasitism rates were consistently higher in P. sylvestris than in P. resinosa and significantly higher when the three years of data were pooled. We conclude with the observation that the Kamona strain is apparently not compatible with the S. noctilio invading North America and suggest that more exploration is needed in its area of origin for different and more effective nematode genotypes.
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Deladenus tylenchida neotylenchidae reproduction on species and strains of the white rot fungus amylostereum
Biological Control, 2014Co-Authors: Erin E Morris, Ann E Hajek, Elliott A Zieman, David W. WilliamsAbstract:Deladenus siricidicola nematodes are used for the biological control of invasive Sirex noctilio woodwasps in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the discovery of established S. noctilio in North America and Canada in 2005, a similar biological control program is under consideration in the United States. In this study, a culture of Deladenus nematodes was established from a native Sirex nigricornis woodwasp collected in New York State. These nematodes were identified as Deladenus proximus using molecular and morphometric techniques. D. siricidicola Kamona are mass produced for biological control when feeding on the white rot fungus Amylostereum areolatum in the Southern Hemisphere, so we compared the relative development and reproduction of mycophagous forms of both nematode species when feeding on native and invasive strains of Amylostereum fungus. D. siricidicola Kamona were able to reproduce on all strains of A. areolatum tested, but reproduced poorly on the A. areolatum strain they would be most likely to encounter in northeastern North America, should the nematode be released. Multiple strains of both species of Amylostereum were observed to grow over nematode eggs, preventing them from hatching. D. proximus were able to reproduce well on both Amylostereumchailletii and A. areolatum, despite prior evidence suggesting only A. chailletii is a suitable food source. This is the first report of the ability of D. proximus to survive and reproduce on A. areolatum, the fungal symbiont usually carried by S.noctilio, suggesting this native nematode should be evaluated for its ability to parasitize and sterilize S. noctilio.
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phylogenetic analysis of Deladenus nematodes parasitizing northeastern north american sirex species
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2013Co-Authors: Erin E Morris, Ryan M Kepler, Stefan J Long, David W. WilliamsAbstract:Abstract The parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola is a biological control agent of the invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio. Since the discovery of S. noctilio in pine forests of northeastern North America in 2005, a biological control program involving the Kamona strain of D. siricidicola has been under consideration. However, North American pine forests have indigenous Sirex spp. and likely harbor a unique assemblage of associated nematodes. We assessed phylogenetic relationships among native Deladenus spp. in the northeastern United States and the Kamona strain of D. siricidicola. We sequenced three genes (mtCO1, LSU, and ITS) from nematodes extracted from parasitized Sirex spp. collected inside and outside of the range of S. noctilio. Our analyses suggest cospeciation between four North American Sirex spp. and their associated nematode parasites. Within two S. noctilio individuals we found nematodes that we hypothesize are normally associated with Sirex nigricornis. One individual of the native S. nigricornis contained Deladenus normally associated with S. noctilio. We discuss nematode-host fidelity in this system and the potential for non-target impacts of a biological control program using D. siricidicola against S. noctilio.
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variability in growth of Deladenus siricidicola on strains of the white rot fungus amylostereum areolatum
Biocontrol, 2012Co-Authors: Erin E Morris, Stefan J Long, David W. Williams, A Jimenez, Ann E HajekAbstract:Deladenus siricidicola nematodes are used extensively for biological control of Sirex noctilio in the southern hemisphere. They have one morph that is parasitic on S. noctilio and another that feeds on the white rot fungus Amylostereum areolatum and is used for mass production of the nematode. To examine potential effects of strains of A. areolatum found in North America on D. siricidicola in a biological control program, first we compared the growth of four isolates of A. areolatum on several types of artificial media. We then evaluated the ability of D. siricidicola to survive and increase on five isolates of A. areolatum and found that nematode populations persisted on all five isolates. One of the slowest growing fungal isolates, ScyME, produced the most nematodes when the fungus was given five and ten days of growth prior to nematode inoculation, while the fastest growing fungus, Aussie, never produced the most nematodes. Although nematodes in all treatments produced eggs, D. siricidicola populations were unable to replace themselves when feeding on the fungal isolate SedDF. The differential ability of D. siricidicola to persist on different isolates of A. areolatum found in North America could affect multiple aspects of a biological control program to control S. noctilio.