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Amr S. Fawzy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chlorhexidine Nanocapsule Drug Delivery Approach to the Resin-Dentin Interface
Journal of Dental Research, 2016Co-Authors: B. M. Priyadarshini, S. Tamil Selvan, T B Lu, Amr S. FawzyAbstract:In this study, we are introducing a new drug-Delivery Approach to demineralized dentin substrates through microsized dentinal tubules in the form of drug-loaded nanocapsules. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used in adhesive dentistry due to its nonspecific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory effect and antibacterial activities. Poly(e-caprolactone) nanocapsules (nano-PCL) loaded with CHX were fabricated by interfacial polymer deposition at PCL/CHX ratios of 125:10, 125:25, and 125:50. Unloaded nanocapsules (blank) were fabricated as control. The fabricated nanocapsules were characterized in vitro in terms of particle size, surface charges, particle recovery, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Nanocapsule morphology, drug inclusion, structural properties, and crystallinity were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Initial screening of the antibacterial activities and...
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Chlorhexidine Nanocapsule Drug Delivery Approach to the Resin-Dentin Interface
Journal of Dental Research, 2016Co-Authors: B. M. Priyadarshini, S. Tamil Selvan, Jennifer Neo, T B Lu, H. Xie, Amr S. FawzyAbstract:In this study, we are introducing a new drug-Delivery Approach to demineralized dentin substrates through microsized dentinal tubules in the form of drug-loaded nanocapsules. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used in adhesive dentistry due to its nonspecific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory effect and antibacterial activities. Poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (nano-PCL) loaded with CHX were fabricated by interfacial polymer deposition at PCL/CHX ratios of 125:10, 125:25, and 125:50. Unloaded nanocapsules (blank) were fabricated as control. The fabricated nanocapsules were characterized in vitro in terms of particle size, surface charges, particle recovery, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Nanocapsule morphology, drug inclusion, structural properties, and crystallinity were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Initial screening of the antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity of the nanocapsules were also conducted. Nanocapsules, as carried on ethanol/water solution, were delivered to demineralized dentin specimens connected to an ex vivo model setup simulating the pulpal pressure to study their infiltration, penetration depth, and retention inside the dentinal tubules by SEM/TEM. Nanocapsules were Ag labeled and delivered to demineralized dentin, followed by the application of a 2-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive. CHX-release profiles were characterized in vitro and ex vivo up to 25 d. Spherical nanocapsules were fabricated with a CHX core coated with a thin PCL shell. The blank nanocapsules exhibited the largest z-average diameter with negatively charged ζ-potential. With CHX incorporation, the nanocapsule size was decreased with a positive shift in ζ-potential. Nano-PCL/CHX at 125:50 showed the highest drug loading, antibacterial effect, and CHX release both in vitro and ex vivo. SEM and TEM revealed the deep penetration and retention of the CHX-loaded nanocapsules inside dentinal tubules and their ability to be gradually degraded to release CHX in vitro and ex vivo. Ag-labeled nanocapsules revealed the close association and even distribution of nanocapsules throughout the resin tag structure. This study demonstrated the potential of introducing this novel drug-Delivery Approach to demineralized dentin substrates and the resin-dentin interface with nanosized CHX-loaded nanocapsules through the microsized dentinal tubules.
Eric Chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study of student satisfaction for 'Sandwiches' Delivery Approach
2020Co-Authors: Eric ChanAbstract:The summer trimester system provides students with greater flexibility to plan their study around work or lifestyle commitments, create options for students to commence a degree sooner or at a more convenient time of the year and enable students to fast track their study. There is increasing number of students enrolled in summer trimester. However, it was found that student engagement during summer is less than when those same subjects are delivered during other trimesters. This research investigates the using the "Sandwiches" Delivery Approach to improve the learning relationship with students. This innovative Approach includes the first three weeks intensive oncampus Delivery with a range of lectures and tutorials. This is followed by six weeks of on-line discussions, quizzes and self-assessment activities to strengthen the students' knowledge and reinforce learning. The last week of summer trimester is revision to confirm theory prior to an examination. Positive responses from student reflected that this Approach can be used for other subjects not only in summer trimester but also applicable in other trimesters. In fact, In order to improve course Delivery, higher education providers always collect feedback and comment from students and previous research studies have used various methodologies. This paper demonstrates how to use survey plus case study to analysis student satisfaction.
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Study of student satisfaction for "sandwiches" Delivery Approach / Eric Chan
2020Co-Authors: Eric ChanAbstract:The summer trimester system provides students with greater flexibility to plan their study around work or lifestyle commitments, create options for students to commence a degree sooner or at a more convenient time of the year and enable students to fast track their study. There is increasing number of students enrolled in summer trimester. However, it was found that student engagement during summer is less than when those same subjects are delivered during other trimesters. This research investigates using the "Sandwiches" Delivery Approach to improve the learning relationship with students. This innovative Approach includes the first three weeks intensive on-campus Delivery with a range of lectures and tutorials. This is followed by six weeks of on-line discussions, quizzes and self-assessment activities to strengthen the students' knowledge and reinforce learning. The last week of summer trimester is revision to confirm theory prior to an examination. Positive responses from student reflected that this Approach can be used for other subjects not only in summer trimester but also applicable in other trimesters. In fact, in order to improve course Delivery, higher education providers always collect feedback and comment from students and previous research studies have used various methodologies. This paper demonstrates how to use survey plus case study to analyses student satisfaction
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Flexible Delivery Approach in Architecture and Construction Management Course.
European journal of educational research, 2013Co-Authors: Eric ChanAbstract:The millennial generation is facing challenges in their career path and they believe that tertiary education can help them to equip better to tackle against. However, some students find it difficult to rush back to classroom due to work commitment. Fortunately, flexible education developed these years allows students to capture knowledge anytime and anywhere easier. In order to deliver courses in line with students’ need, many universities have considered offering alternative studying modes, such as flexible method, to enrich the course Delivery. Using a case study, this paper investigates the Delivery Approach adopted by a school of a well-known university in Australia. This School offers architecture and construction management courses and has successfully adopted the flexible Approach, with the aid of various online teaching and learning tools: the Cloud, Elluminate Live!, EchoSystem, Mediawiki and ePortfolio, in delivering subjects. It is welcomed by various cohorts of students. Not only the student numbers have been increased, but the School is also the first preference when students opting architecture and construction management studies. Statistics also indicate students’ satisfaction and course experience are improved. The success of this School proves itself to be an exemplar for other educators planning for flexible Delivery.
Rui Xavier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Modified Delivery Approach
Advanced Aesthetic Rhinoplasty, 2013Co-Authors: Rui XavierAbstract:Every rhinoplasty begins with the analysis of the patient and the selection of the surgical technique and the surgical Approach to be used. In many cases, a Delivery Approach is chosen. However, if the patient has alar cartilages that are too long or too cephalically positioned, it may be difficult to deliver the cartilages without twisting or tearing the intermediate crura or the most lateral part of the lateral crura. In this kind of nasal tip, a modified Delivery Approach may be easier to perform and may be safer to the alar cartilages. Also, by avoiding an intercartilaginous incision, this modified Delivery Approach does not promote weakening of the tip support.
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Nasal Tip Plasty: The Delivery Approach Revisited
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2013Co-Authors: Rui XavierAbstract:The Delivery Approach, though very appropriate for remodeling the tip of the nose, has been overlooked in recent years and has often been passed over for the open Approach. One reason for this is the intercartilaginous incision used for the Delivery Approach, which may cause scarring at the nasal valve area, leading to postoperative functional obstruction of the nose. The Delivery of the alar cartilages is another negative, as this maneuver will disrupt the collagen fibers that attach the upper lateral cartilages to the cephalic margin of the alar cartilages, leading to a weakening of the tip’s support. We propose a modification to the traditional Delivery Approach by using a transcartilaginous instead of an intercartilaginous incision to prevent damage to the valve area. We also suggest taking advantage of the interference to the tip’s support caused by the disruption of the collagen fibers of the scroll area. The purpose of this article is to describe this modification of the Delivery Approach and to emphasize the advantages that this controlled interference to the tip’s support may have in selected cases. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Nasal Tip Plasty: The Delivery Approach Revisited
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2013Co-Authors: Rui XavierAbstract:UNLABELLED: The Delivery Approach, though very appropriate for remodeling the tip of the nose, has been overlooked in recent years and has often been passed over for the open Approach. One reason for this is the intercartilaginous incision used for the Delivery Approach, which may cause scarring at the nasal valve area, leading to postoperative functional obstruction of the nose. The Delivery of the alar cartilages is another negative, as this maneuver will disrupt the collagen fibers that attach the upper lateral cartilages to the cephalic margin of the alar cartilages, leading to a weakening of the tip's support. We propose a modification to the traditional Delivery Approach by using a transcartilaginous instead of an intercartilaginous incision to prevent damage to the valve area. We also suggest taking advantage of the interference to the tip's support caused by the disruption of the collagen fibers of the scroll area. The purpose of this article is to describe this modification of the Delivery Approach and to emphasize the advantages that this controlled interference to the tip's support may have in selected cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Modified Delivery Approach – A New Perspective
Rhinoplasty, 2011Co-Authors: Rui XavierAbstract:Every rhinoplasty begins with the analysis of the patient. For this analysis it is very important to carefully assess not only the nose, but also the facial features and the morphological characteristics of the patient s body. After this evaluation a list of the surgical techniques necessary to achieve the desired nose is drawn and, according to this surgical planning, the surgical Approach is selected. The surgical Approach should provide adequate exposure of the nasal structures that are to be addressed by surgery, and should allow the various surgical techniques to be executed without difficulty and without jeopardizing the nasal structures. For providing adequate exposure, however, every Approach has to divide or to elevate nasal cartilaginous and soft tissues structures, and this may interfere, to a certain degree, with the natural mechanisms of tip support and strength. Several nasal structures are unanimously recognised as contributing to the tip support. The factors influencing this support are usually classified as the major and the minor tip support mechanisms. The major tip support mechanisms are: the size, shape, thickness and resilience of the alar cartilages; the upper lateral cartilages attachment to the cephalic margin of the alar cartilages; the attachment of the medial crura footplates to the caudal septum. The minor tip support mechanisms are: the ligamentous sling spanning the domes of the alar cartilages; the membranous septum; the cartilaginous septal dorsum; the nasal spine; the sesamoid complex extending the support of the lateral crura to the piriform aperture; the attachment of the alar cartilages to the overlying skin and musculature. (3,4). Recent studies have underscored the role of the upper lateral cartilages attachment to the cephalic margin of the alar cartilages to maintain a strong tip support (5,6). It has been demonstrated that this attachment is made of fibrous tissue consisting of dense collagen fibers, all orientated in a single direction, thus fulfilling the criteria of a true ligament (5). Another study demonstrated that the most efficient way to release the tip as to be freely moved is severing these fibrous attachments between the upper lateral and the alar cartilages (6), thus highlighting the role of this ligament to the tip support. Every effort should be made, therefore, to preserve these collagen fibres during rhinoplasty, in order not to weaken the support of the nasal tip. This should be kept in mind while performing rhinoplasty, as well as while choosing the Approach for surgery.
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Tip rhinoplasty--a modified Delivery Approach.
Rhinology, 2009Co-Authors: Rui XavierAbstract:Introduction: For many cases of tip surgery a Delivery Approach is selected. If the patient has long alar cartilages, it may be difficult to deliver the cartilages without twisting or tearing the domes. In such a patient, a modified Delivery Approach may be easier to perform. Methods: For the modified Delivery Approach a transcartilaginous incision is first made and cephalic resection of the alar cartilage is performed. Then a marginal incision is made, and the remaining alar cartilage is dissected and easily delivered. After both alar cartilages being delivered, they are compared, and, if necessary, further resection is done in order to achieve perfect symmetry or to achieve the desired size of the cartilages. The cartilages may then be grafted, sutured or modified as considered necessary. Results: We have been using the modified Delivery Approach for the last five years and we have had no complications of the technique itself. Two patients operated on by using this Approach are presented. Conclusion: We believe that, in patients with long alar cartilages and a wide nasal tip, this modification turns the Delivery Approach into an easier and safer Approach.
B. M. Priyadarshini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chlorhexidine Nanocapsule Drug Delivery Approach to the Resin-Dentin Interface
Journal of Dental Research, 2016Co-Authors: B. M. Priyadarshini, S. Tamil Selvan, T B Lu, Amr S. FawzyAbstract:In this study, we are introducing a new drug-Delivery Approach to demineralized dentin substrates through microsized dentinal tubules in the form of drug-loaded nanocapsules. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used in adhesive dentistry due to its nonspecific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory effect and antibacterial activities. Poly(e-caprolactone) nanocapsules (nano-PCL) loaded with CHX were fabricated by interfacial polymer deposition at PCL/CHX ratios of 125:10, 125:25, and 125:50. Unloaded nanocapsules (blank) were fabricated as control. The fabricated nanocapsules were characterized in vitro in terms of particle size, surface charges, particle recovery, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Nanocapsule morphology, drug inclusion, structural properties, and crystallinity were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Initial screening of the antibacterial activities and...
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Chlorhexidine Nanocapsule Drug Delivery Approach to the Resin-Dentin Interface
Journal of Dental Research, 2016Co-Authors: B. M. Priyadarshini, S. Tamil Selvan, Jennifer Neo, T B Lu, H. Xie, Amr S. FawzyAbstract:In this study, we are introducing a new drug-Delivery Approach to demineralized dentin substrates through microsized dentinal tubules in the form of drug-loaded nanocapsules. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used in adhesive dentistry due to its nonspecific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory effect and antibacterial activities. Poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (nano-PCL) loaded with CHX were fabricated by interfacial polymer deposition at PCL/CHX ratios of 125:10, 125:25, and 125:50. Unloaded nanocapsules (blank) were fabricated as control. The fabricated nanocapsules were characterized in vitro in terms of particle size, surface charges, particle recovery, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Nanocapsule morphology, drug inclusion, structural properties, and crystallinity were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Initial screening of the antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity of the nanocapsules were also conducted. Nanocapsules, as carried on ethanol/water solution, were delivered to demineralized dentin specimens connected to an ex vivo model setup simulating the pulpal pressure to study their infiltration, penetration depth, and retention inside the dentinal tubules by SEM/TEM. Nanocapsules were Ag labeled and delivered to demineralized dentin, followed by the application of a 2-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive. CHX-release profiles were characterized in vitro and ex vivo up to 25 d. Spherical nanocapsules were fabricated with a CHX core coated with a thin PCL shell. The blank nanocapsules exhibited the largest z-average diameter with negatively charged ζ-potential. With CHX incorporation, the nanocapsule size was decreased with a positive shift in ζ-potential. Nano-PCL/CHX at 125:50 showed the highest drug loading, antibacterial effect, and CHX release both in vitro and ex vivo. SEM and TEM revealed the deep penetration and retention of the CHX-loaded nanocapsules inside dentinal tubules and their ability to be gradually degraded to release CHX in vitro and ex vivo. Ag-labeled nanocapsules revealed the close association and even distribution of nanocapsules throughout the resin tag structure. This study demonstrated the potential of introducing this novel drug-Delivery Approach to demineralized dentin substrates and the resin-dentin interface with nanosized CHX-loaded nanocapsules through the microsized dentinal tubules.
T B Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chlorhexidine Nanocapsule Drug Delivery Approach to the Resin-Dentin Interface
Journal of Dental Research, 2016Co-Authors: B. M. Priyadarshini, S. Tamil Selvan, T B Lu, Amr S. FawzyAbstract:In this study, we are introducing a new drug-Delivery Approach to demineralized dentin substrates through microsized dentinal tubules in the form of drug-loaded nanocapsules. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used in adhesive dentistry due to its nonspecific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory effect and antibacterial activities. Poly(e-caprolactone) nanocapsules (nano-PCL) loaded with CHX were fabricated by interfacial polymer deposition at PCL/CHX ratios of 125:10, 125:25, and 125:50. Unloaded nanocapsules (blank) were fabricated as control. The fabricated nanocapsules were characterized in vitro in terms of particle size, surface charges, particle recovery, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Nanocapsule morphology, drug inclusion, structural properties, and crystallinity were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Initial screening of the antibacterial activities and...
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Chlorhexidine Nanocapsule Drug Delivery Approach to the Resin-Dentin Interface
Journal of Dental Research, 2016Co-Authors: B. M. Priyadarshini, S. Tamil Selvan, Jennifer Neo, T B Lu, H. Xie, Amr S. FawzyAbstract:In this study, we are introducing a new drug-Delivery Approach to demineralized dentin substrates through microsized dentinal tubules in the form of drug-loaded nanocapsules. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used in adhesive dentistry due to its nonspecific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory effect and antibacterial activities. Poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (nano-PCL) loaded with CHX were fabricated by interfacial polymer deposition at PCL/CHX ratios of 125:10, 125:25, and 125:50. Unloaded nanocapsules (blank) were fabricated as control. The fabricated nanocapsules were characterized in vitro in terms of particle size, surface charges, particle recovery, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Nanocapsule morphology, drug inclusion, structural properties, and crystallinity were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Initial screening of the antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity of the nanocapsules were also conducted. Nanocapsules, as carried on ethanol/water solution, were delivered to demineralized dentin specimens connected to an ex vivo model setup simulating the pulpal pressure to study their infiltration, penetration depth, and retention inside the dentinal tubules by SEM/TEM. Nanocapsules were Ag labeled and delivered to demineralized dentin, followed by the application of a 2-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive. CHX-release profiles were characterized in vitro and ex vivo up to 25 d. Spherical nanocapsules were fabricated with a CHX core coated with a thin PCL shell. The blank nanocapsules exhibited the largest z-average diameter with negatively charged ζ-potential. With CHX incorporation, the nanocapsule size was decreased with a positive shift in ζ-potential. Nano-PCL/CHX at 125:50 showed the highest drug loading, antibacterial effect, and CHX release both in vitro and ex vivo. SEM and TEM revealed the deep penetration and retention of the CHX-loaded nanocapsules inside dentinal tubules and their ability to be gradually degraded to release CHX in vitro and ex vivo. Ag-labeled nanocapsules revealed the close association and even distribution of nanocapsules throughout the resin tag structure. This study demonstrated the potential of introducing this novel drug-Delivery Approach to demineralized dentin substrates and the resin-dentin interface with nanosized CHX-loaded nanocapsules through the microsized dentinal tubules.