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Florian Jabbour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nomenclatural revision of Delphinium subg. Consolida (DC.) Huth (Ranunculaceae)
'Pensoft Publishers', 2021Co-Authors: Pierre-emmanuel Dupasquier, Véronique Andro-durand, Lucas Batory, Wei Wang, Florian JabbourAbstract:Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have indicated that Aconitella is embedded in Consolida, which in turn is embedded in Delphinium. We choose not to split the genus Delphinium (c. 300 species), as it is horticulturally and pharmaceutically important, by conserving a broad Delphinium by transferring the names from Consolida and Aconitella to Delphinium s.lat., and more precisely in the resurrected D. subg. Consolida. Including 58 species of Aconitella and Consolida within Delphinium causes fewer nomenclatural overall changes than do alternative schemes because most of the species of Aconitella and Consolida were once named under the name Delphinium. We present here the list of synonyms for the species once named under Consolida or Aconitella and gather the information relative to the types of these names. Two new combinations are provided, and 21 lectotypes are designated here
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the evolution of afro montane Delphinium ranunculaceae morphospecies phylogenetics and biogeography
Taxon, 2016Co-Authors: Marion Chartier, Florian Jabbour, Wei Wang, Stefan Dressler, Jurg Schonenberger, Alfonso Rojas Mora, Corinne SarthouAbstract:The genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) consists of ca. 300 species and has a mainly holarctic distribution. Few species hove been described from high-altitude areas in West and East Tropical Africa, where the environmental conditions are mostly temperate-like. We aim to clarify the taxonomy of these afro-montane Delphinium species and to understand their evolutionary history in terms of their floral morphology and their phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships. Based on herbarium specimens, we analyze flower shape variation, map the geographic distribution of the morphologically defined taxa and reconstruct the molecular phylogeny of the group. Our quantitative analyses of flower shapes indicate that three species can be defined based on floral morphological traits, hence confirming the latest taxonomic treatment of the group where D. dasycaulon, D. leroyi and D. macrocentrum were described. The examination of herbarium specimens indicates that these three species are almost parapatric. However, their respective monophyly is not supported by molecular data. Considering their relatively young age, the non-monophyly of each of the three morphospecies could be due to incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybridization events. Alternatively, the transition to the D. leroyi floral morph could be the result of evolutionary convergence in the two main groups of afro-montane Delphinium driven by similar pollinators in different sky islands of the East African Rift System. We hypothesize that the main branches of the East African Rift System, as physical barriers to dispersal, may have prevented genetic exchange among geographic clusters.
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Development, anatomy, and genetic control of some teratological phenotypes of Ranunculaceae flowers
Novikoff A.V. State Natural History Museum NAS of Ukraine, 2016Co-Authors: Florian Jabbour, Sophie Nadot, Felipe Espinosa, Thierry Deroin, Domenica Manicacci, Catherine DamervalAbstract:Teratological organisms originate from developmental anomalies, and exhibit structures and a body organization that deviate from the species standard. These monsters give essential clues about the formation and evolutionary significance of the wild-type groundplan. We focus on flower terata, which can be affected in their sterile and/or fertile organs, with special emphasis on the Ranunculaceae. The diversity of perianth shapes and organizations in flowers of this family is huge, and is even increased when anomalies occur during organo- and/or morphogenesis. To begin with, we synthesize the observations and research conducted on the Ranunculacean floral terata, following the most recent phylogenetic framework published in 2016 by our team. Then, we report results regarding the morphology of developing meristems, the anatomy of buds, and the genetic control of selected teratological phenotypes of Ranunculaceae flowers. We focus on species and horticultural varieties belonging to the genera Aquilegia, Delphinium, and Nigella. Wildtype flowers of these species are actinomorphic (Aquilegia, Nigella) or zygomorphic (Delphinium), spurred (Aquilegia, Delphinium) or with pocket-like petals (Nigella). Last, we discuss the evolutionary potential of such teratological phenotypes when they occur in the wild
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a phylogeny of delphinieae ranunculaceae shows that aconitum is nested within Delphinium and that late miocene transitions to long life cycles in the himalayas and southwest china coincide with bursts in diversification
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Florian Jabbour, Susanne S RennerAbstract:Abstract The tribe Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) comprises two species-rich genera, Aconitum and Delphinium, the latter including Consolida and Aconitella. The 650–700 species are distributed in Eurasia and North America; three species occur on tropical African mountains. Maximum likelihood analyses of 2088 aligned nucleotides of plastid and nuclear sequences obtained from up to 185 species of Delphinieae from throughout the geographic range (plus relevant outgroups) show that three short-lived (facultative annual or biennial) Mediterranean species belonging to Delphinium subgenus Staphisagria are the sister clade to all other Delphinieae, implying that Staphisagria needs to be raised to genus status if Delphinium and Aconitum are to become mutually monophyletic. Molecular clock dating suggests an origin of the sampled Delphinieae in the Early Oligocene (c. 32.3 Ma) and expansion to North America of Aconitum and Delphinium around 3.3 and 2.9 Ma ago, respectively; the East African Mts. were reached by long-distance dispersal some 2.4 Ma ago, coincident with the major uplift of the East African Rift system. The ancestral growth form of the Delphinieae could not be reconstructed, but Late Miocene bursts in diversification rates in the Himalayan and southwestern Chinese clades of Aconitum and Delphinium appear to be associated with transitions from short-lived to long-lived life histories.
Rie Goto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethylene production by gynoecium and receptacle is associated with sepal abscission in cut Delphinium flowers.
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Kazuo Ichimura, Hiroko Shimizu-yumoto, Rie GotoAbstract:Abstract Delphinium flowers are sensitive to ethylene, and exposure to ethylene is known to accelerate sepal abscission. The relationship of ethylene to sepal abscission in cut Delphinium flowers was investigated. The gynoecium and receptacle each contributed to climacteric-like increases in ethylene production whereas the sepals, petals and stamens did not. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activities in the gynoecium and receptacle increased in the senescing flowers. Wounding of the gynoecium or receptacle accelerated abscission of sepals, which was accompanied by a marked increase in ethylene production. Accelerated sepal abscission was counteracted by treatment with silver thiosulphate complex (STS), an inhibitor of ethylene action. The results of this study show that ethylene produced by the gynoecium and receptacle is closely associated with sepal abscission in cut Delphinium flowers.
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Soluble carbohydrates in Delphinium and their influence on sepal abscission in cut flowers
Physiologia Plantarum, 2000Co-Authors: Katsunori Kohata, Rie GotoAbstract:A carbohydrate other than sucrose, glucose, fructose and myo-inositol was detected in sepal extracts of Delphinium. This compound was identified as mannitol by 1 H-NMR. Mannitol was the major carbohydrate in all examined organs: the sepal, the other parts of the flower, the stem and leaves. Mannitol as well as glucose (both at 0.55 M), fed to cut Delphinium flowers, similarly delayed the abscission of sepals. 3-O-methyl glucose (3-OMG) and polyethylene glycol 200 at the same molar concentrations had no such effect. The treatment with glucose markedly increased the concentrations of glucose and fructose in the sepals without changing the concentrations of sucrose and mannitol. On the other hand, the treatment with mannitol increased the concentrations of glucose and fructose in addition to mannitol in the sepals, suggesting that mannitol is metabolized in Delphinium flowers. The treatment with 3-OMG increased the concentration of 3-OMG but not other carbohydrates. Mannitol and glucose similarly delayed the increase in ethylene production in flowers, but 3-OMG did not. The sensitivity to ethylene was similarly reduced by the treatment with glucose and mannitol, but not by 3-OMG. These results suggest that the treatment with mannitol, a major carbohydrate in Delphinium, delayed the abscission of sepals by reducing the sensitivity to ethylene. Mannitol further acted, not merely as an osmolyte, but as an apparent source for carbohydrate metabolism in the flower.
Maria Bosch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New conservation viewpoints when plants are viewed at one level higher. Integration of phylogeographic structure, niche modeling and genetic diversity in conservation planning of W Mediterranean larkspurs
Elsevier, 2019Co-Authors: Maria Bosch, Sonia Herrando-moraira, Alberto Del Hoyo, Jordi López-pujol, Sergi Massó, Josep A. Rosselló, Joan Simon, Cesar BlancheAbstract:Protection and management of closely related endangered species and subspecies at a very narrow regional scale is the origin of multiple dysfunctional conservation decisions. These include artificially increased IUCN risk assessment categories and derived consequences: poor effectiveness in allocating public and private funds or repeat of unnecessary actions/facilities. Data provided by the revisited study of a group of W Mediterranean larkspurs (Delphinium ser. Fissa), including new data on demography, niche modeling, genetic diversity and phylogeography, contributed to a new and wider analysis of causes of threat. Although current IUCN Red List regulations did not allow for assessments at levels higher than a specific rank, scientific information suggests that in some cases this could be a better approach for sound scientifically-based biodiversity conservation planning and action. Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Conservation genetics, Delphinium ser. Fissa, Allozymes, cpDNA, Chromosome number
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genetic diversity in the endangered dysploid larkspur Delphinium bolosii and its close diploid relatives in the series fissa of the western mediterranean area
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2007Co-Authors: Maria Renee Orellana, Jordi Lopezpujol, Cesar Blanche, Maria BoschAbstract:Allozyme diversity was evaluated in four closely-related taxa of the Delphinium series Fissa distributed throughout the Western Mediterranean area. All are considered threatened plants. Delphinium bolosii and Delphinium mansanetianum are narrowly endemic to the Eastern Iberian Peninsula, whereas Delphinium fissum ssp. sordidum is found in a few populations across the Peninsula. Delphinium fissum ssp. fissum is more widely distributed but often in small and isolated populations. In this group, Delphinium bolosii is dysploid (2n = 18) whereas the other taxa are diploid (2n = 16). A total of 12 populations were surveyed, including all known locations for D. bolosii, D. mansanetianum, and D. fissum ssp. sordidum. Eleven enzyme systems were assayed and 15 loci were resolved. Markedly depauperate values for genetic diversity were obtained for D. mansanetianum (He = 0.013) and D. fissum ssp. sordidum (He = 0.044). The estimates for D. fissum ssp. fissum (He = 0.071) were below the values expected for widespread species. Small population size and marginal distribution have probably contributed to the low variability observed in this group. By contrast, D. bolosii exhibited comparatively larger populations and greater genetic diversity (He = 0.138). We suggest that, apart from population size and local adaptation, genetic diversity during speciation may have been promoted by dysploidy through genomic recombination. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 773–784.
Ian G Pascoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unexpected ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer sequence variation within erysiphe aquilegiae sensu lato
Fungal Diversity, 2004Co-Authors: James H Cunnington, Ann C Lawrie, Ian G PascoeAbstract:Erysiphe aquilegiae sensu lato is the most commonly occurring powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphales: Ascomycota) on the Ranunculaceae. Based on morphological characters, different authors have proposed the segregation of Erysiphe aquilegiae into two varieties or species. To determine if a genetic basis exists for these two taxa, the rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions of 26 specimens from five host genera, were compared by RFLP's and sequencing. The results failed to separate the two taxa, but revealed a third host-specialised taxon on Delphinium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed E. aquilegiae to be more closely related to Oidium lycopersici and E. macleayae than to the undescribed species on Delphinium.
Wei Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nomenclatural revision of Delphinium subg. Consolida (DC.) Huth (Ranunculaceae)
'Pensoft Publishers', 2021Co-Authors: Pierre-emmanuel Dupasquier, Véronique Andro-durand, Lucas Batory, Wei Wang, Florian JabbourAbstract:Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have indicated that Aconitella is embedded in Consolida, which in turn is embedded in Delphinium. We choose not to split the genus Delphinium (c. 300 species), as it is horticulturally and pharmaceutically important, by conserving a broad Delphinium by transferring the names from Consolida and Aconitella to Delphinium s.lat., and more precisely in the resurrected D. subg. Consolida. Including 58 species of Aconitella and Consolida within Delphinium causes fewer nomenclatural overall changes than do alternative schemes because most of the species of Aconitella and Consolida were once named under the name Delphinium. We present here the list of synonyms for the species once named under Consolida or Aconitella and gather the information relative to the types of these names. Two new combinations are provided, and 21 lectotypes are designated here
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the evolution of afro montane Delphinium ranunculaceae morphospecies phylogenetics and biogeography
Taxon, 2016Co-Authors: Marion Chartier, Florian Jabbour, Wei Wang, Stefan Dressler, Jurg Schonenberger, Alfonso Rojas Mora, Corinne SarthouAbstract:The genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) consists of ca. 300 species and has a mainly holarctic distribution. Few species hove been described from high-altitude areas in West and East Tropical Africa, where the environmental conditions are mostly temperate-like. We aim to clarify the taxonomy of these afro-montane Delphinium species and to understand their evolutionary history in terms of their floral morphology and their phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships. Based on herbarium specimens, we analyze flower shape variation, map the geographic distribution of the morphologically defined taxa and reconstruct the molecular phylogeny of the group. Our quantitative analyses of flower shapes indicate that three species can be defined based on floral morphological traits, hence confirming the latest taxonomic treatment of the group where D. dasycaulon, D. leroyi and D. macrocentrum were described. The examination of herbarium specimens indicates that these three species are almost parapatric. However, their respective monophyly is not supported by molecular data. Considering their relatively young age, the non-monophyly of each of the three morphospecies could be due to incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybridization events. Alternatively, the transition to the D. leroyi floral morph could be the result of evolutionary convergence in the two main groups of afro-montane Delphinium driven by similar pollinators in different sky islands of the East African Rift System. We hypothesize that the main branches of the East African Rift System, as physical barriers to dispersal, may have prevented genetic exchange among geographic clusters.