The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Abigail Noyce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oddball distractors Demand Attention neural and behavioral responses to predictability in the flanker task
Neuropsychologia, 2014Co-Authors: Abigail Noyce, Robert SekulerAbstract:Abstract Predictable and unpredictable distractors may differentially affect Attention. We adapted the Eriksen flanker task by manipulating the probability with which specific flankers occurred. Subjects reported the orientation of briefly-presented targets while attempting to ignore four flanking items. Flankers had either standard (90% of trials) or oddball (10%) orientations. Congruent and incongruent configurations were equiprobable, as were target orientations. Oddball flanker orientations substantially enhanced congruency effects: performance was best when the target was congruent with oddball flankers and worst when it was incongruent. We recorded scalp EEG while subjects performed the task, and later computed ERPs timelocked to stimulus onset. Oddball flanker orientations evoked a visual mismatch negativity (vMMN). Subjects’ temperament predicted individual differences in vMMN magnitude. Orientation sensitivity predicted larger vMMNs; Attentional selectivity predicted smaller. Behavioral and vMMN results indicate that subjects exploit distractor predictability to support more-effective active inhibition; oddballs disrupt this strategy. Despite subjects’ attempts to ignore the flankers, unexpected distractors strongly influence neural responses and behavioral performance.
Robyn S. Shapiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Future issues in transplantation ethics: ethical and legal controversies in xenotransplantation, stem cell, and cloning research.
Transplantation reviews (Orlando Fla.), 2008Co-Authors: Robyn S. ShapiroAbstract:With little prospect of developing a sufficient supply of human transplantable organs to meet the large and growing Demand, Attention has turned to xenotransplantation, as well as stem cell and cloning research, as possible approaches for alleviating this allograft shortage. This article explores ethical and legal issues that surround developments in these fields.
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Section 5: Future Issues in Transplant Ethics Future issues in transplantation ethics: ethical and legal controversies in xenotransplantation, stem cell, and cloning research ☆
2008Co-Authors: Robyn S. ShapiroAbstract:With little prospect of developing a sufficient supply of human transplantable organs to meet the large and growing Demand, Attention has turned to xenotransplantation, as well as stem cell and cloning research, as possible approaches for alleviating this allograft shortage. This article explores ethical and legal issues that surround developments in these fields.
Robert Sekuler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oddball distractors Demand Attention neural and behavioral responses to predictability in the flanker task
Neuropsychologia, 2014Co-Authors: Abigail Noyce, Robert SekulerAbstract:Abstract Predictable and unpredictable distractors may differentially affect Attention. We adapted the Eriksen flanker task by manipulating the probability with which specific flankers occurred. Subjects reported the orientation of briefly-presented targets while attempting to ignore four flanking items. Flankers had either standard (90% of trials) or oddball (10%) orientations. Congruent and incongruent configurations were equiprobable, as were target orientations. Oddball flanker orientations substantially enhanced congruency effects: performance was best when the target was congruent with oddball flankers and worst when it was incongruent. We recorded scalp EEG while subjects performed the task, and later computed ERPs timelocked to stimulus onset. Oddball flanker orientations evoked a visual mismatch negativity (vMMN). Subjects’ temperament predicted individual differences in vMMN magnitude. Orientation sensitivity predicted larger vMMNs; Attentional selectivity predicted smaller. Behavioral and vMMN results indicate that subjects exploit distractor predictability to support more-effective active inhibition; oddballs disrupt this strategy. Despite subjects’ attempts to ignore the flankers, unexpected distractors strongly influence neural responses and behavioral performance.
Hui Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tunable synthesis of hollow metal nitrogen carbon capsules for efficient oxygen reduction catalysis in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
ACS Nano, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Yang, Xing Chen, Wan-ting Chen, Qing Wang, Nelly Cantillo Cuello, Ayman Nafady, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Abdullah M Alenizi, Gabriel A. GoenagaAbstract:Atomically dispersed metal catalysts anchored on nitrogen-doped (N-doped) carbons Demand Attention due to their superior catalytic activity relative to that of metal nanoparticle catalysts in energy storage and conversion processes. Herein, we introduce a simple and versatile strategy for the synthesis of hollow N-doped carbon capsules that contain one or more atomically dispersed metals (denoted as H–M–Nx–C and H–Mmix–Nx–C, respectively, where M = Fe, Co, or Ni). This method utilizes the pyrolysis of nanostructured core–shell precursors produced by coating a zeolitic imidazolate framework core with a metal–tannic acid (M–TA) coordination polymer shell (containing up to three different metal cations). Pyrolysis of these core–shell precursors affords hollow N-doped carbon capsules containing monometal sites (e.g., Fe–Nx, CoNx, or Ni–Nx) or multimetal sites (Fe/Co–Nx, Fe/Ni–Nx, Co/Ni–Nx, or Fe/Co/Ni–Nx). This inventory allowed exploration of the relationship between catalyst composition and electrochemical ...
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Tunable Synthesis of Hollow Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Capsules for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysis in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
ACS nano, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Yang, Xing Chen, Wan-ting Chen, Qing Wang, Nelly Cantillo Cuello, Ayman Nafady, Abdullah M. Al-enizi, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Gabriel A. Goenaga, Thomas A. ZawodzinskiAbstract:Atomically dispersed metal catalysts anchored on nitrogen-doped (N-doped) carbons Demand Attention due to their superior catalytic activity relative to that of metal nanoparticle catalysts in energ...
Kate M. Leafhead - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Delusions Demand Attention.
Cognitive neuropsychiatry, 1996Co-Authors: Kate M. LeafheadAbstract:We used a variant of the Stroop paradigm to investigate Attention bias in a young woman (JK) with delusional beliefs that she had died and that members of her family had changed. JK was shown sets of words printed in different colours of ink, and was asked to name the colour of each word. Sets of words were chosen which related to her delusions, and to possible contributory moods. The times taken by JK to colour-name words in these lists were compared with her times to colour-name sets of neutral words. There were three separate testing sessions which took place over a two-year period. In comparison to her times to name the colours of words in the neutral lists, JK was significantly slower to colour-name test lists containing words related to her delusional beliefs. When she was no longer experiencing these delusions, however, she was no slower to colour-name any of the test word lists. The results indicate that the Stroop paradigm can be useful in investigating individual cases of delusions and in monito...