The Experts below are selected from a list of 338709 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Emilio Zagheni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Promises and Pitfalls of Using Digital Traces for Demographic Research.
Demography, 2018Co-Authors: Nina Cesare, Hedwig Lee, Tyler H Mccormick, Emma S Spiro, Emilio ZagheniAbstract:The digital traces that we leave online are increasingly fruitful sources of data for social scientists, including those interested in Demographic Research. The collection and use of digital data also presents numerous statistical, computational, and ethical challenges, motivating the development of new Research approaches to address these burgeoning issues. In this article, we argue that Researchers with formal training in demography-those who have a history of developing innovative approaches to using challenging data-are well positioned to contribute to this area of work. We discuss the benefits and challenges of using digital trace data for social and Demographic Research, and we review examples of current Demographic literature that creatively use digital trace data to study processes related to fertility, mortality, and migration. Focusing on Facebook data for advertisers-a novel "digital census" that has largely been untapped by demographers-we provide illustrative and empirical examples of how Demographic Researchers can manage issues such as bias and representation when using digital trace data. We conclude by offering our perspective on the road ahead regarding demography and its role in the data revolution.
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promises and pitfalls of using digital traces for Demographic Research
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Nina Cesare, Hedwig Lee, Tyler H Mccormick, Emma S Spiro, Emilio ZagheniAbstract:The digital traces we leave online are increasingly fruitful sources of data for social scientists - including those interested in Demographic Research. The collection and use of these data also presents numerous statistical, computational, and ethical challenges, motivating the development of new Research approaches to address these burgeoning issues. In this discussion, we provide an overview of current work regarding the benefits and challenges of using digital traces of human behavior for population studies. We highlight potential applications of digital traces for Demographic Research, couched in a discussion of the a rapidly changing, broader literature on so-called "big social data." We provide examples of ways in which Demographic methods can shape the future of work that uses these data.
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Demographic Research with non representative internet data
International Journal of Manpower, 2015Co-Authors: Emilio Zagheni, Ingmar WeberAbstract:Purpose – Internet data hold many promises for Demographic Research, but come with severe drawbacks due to several types of bias. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature that uses internet data for Demographic studies and presents a general framework for addressing the problem of selection bias in non-representative samples. Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose two main approaches to reduce bias. When ground truth data are available, the authors suggest a method that relies on calibration of the online data against reliable official statistics. When no ground truth data are available, the authors propose a difference in differences approach to evaluate relative trends. Findings – The authors offer a generalization of existing techniques. Although there is not a definite answer to the question of whether statistical inference can be made from non-representative samples, the authors show that, when certain assumptions are met, the authors can extract signal from noisy and biased d...
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microsimulation in Demographic Research
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015Co-Authors: Emilio ZagheniAbstract:This article is a revision of the previous edition article by G. Santow, volume 14, pp. 9780–9785, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
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you are where you e mail using e mail data to estimate international migration rates
Web Science, 2012Co-Authors: Emilio Zagheni, Ingmar WeberAbstract:International migration is one of the major determinants of Demographic change. Although efforts to produce comparable statistics are underway, estimates of Demographic flows are inexistent, outdated, or largely inconsistent, for most countries. We estimate age and gender-specific migration rates using data extracted from a large sample of Yahoo! e-mail messages. Self-reported age and gender of anonymized e-mail users were linked to the geographic locations (mapped from IP addresses) from where users sent e-mail messages over time (2009-2011). The users' country of residence over time was inferred as the one from where most e-mail messages were sent. Our estimates of age profiles of migration are qualitatively consistent with existing administrative data sources. Selection bias generates uncertainty for estimates at one point in time, especially for developing countries. However, our approach allows us to compare in a reliable way migration trends of females and males. We document the recent increase in human mobility and we observe that female mobility has been increasing at a faster pace. Our findings suggest that e-mail data may complement existing migration data, resolve inconsistencies arising from different definitions of migration, and provide new and rich information on mobility patterns and social networks of migrants. The use of digital records for Demographic Research has the potential to become particularly important for developing countries, where the diffusion of Internet will be faster than the development of mature Demographic registration systems.
Nina Cesare - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Promises and Pitfalls of Using Digital Traces for Demographic Research.
Demography, 2018Co-Authors: Nina Cesare, Hedwig Lee, Tyler H Mccormick, Emma S Spiro, Emilio ZagheniAbstract:The digital traces that we leave online are increasingly fruitful sources of data for social scientists, including those interested in Demographic Research. The collection and use of digital data also presents numerous statistical, computational, and ethical challenges, motivating the development of new Research approaches to address these burgeoning issues. In this article, we argue that Researchers with formal training in demography-those who have a history of developing innovative approaches to using challenging data-are well positioned to contribute to this area of work. We discuss the benefits and challenges of using digital trace data for social and Demographic Research, and we review examples of current Demographic literature that creatively use digital trace data to study processes related to fertility, mortality, and migration. Focusing on Facebook data for advertisers-a novel "digital census" that has largely been untapped by demographers-we provide illustrative and empirical examples of how Demographic Researchers can manage issues such as bias and representation when using digital trace data. We conclude by offering our perspective on the road ahead regarding demography and its role in the data revolution.
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promises and pitfalls of using digital traces for Demographic Research
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Nina Cesare, Hedwig Lee, Tyler H Mccormick, Emma S Spiro, Emilio ZagheniAbstract:The digital traces we leave online are increasingly fruitful sources of data for social scientists - including those interested in Demographic Research. The collection and use of these data also presents numerous statistical, computational, and ethical challenges, motivating the development of new Research approaches to address these burgeoning issues. In this discussion, we provide an overview of current work regarding the benefits and challenges of using digital traces of human behavior for population studies. We highlight potential applications of digital traces for Demographic Research, couched in a discussion of the a rapidly changing, broader literature on so-called "big social data." We provide examples of ways in which Demographic methods can shape the future of work that uses these data.
Martin Mckee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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russian mortality beyond vital statistics effects of social status and behaviours on deaths from circulatory disease and external causes a case control study of men aged 20 55 years in urdmurtia 1998 99
Demographic Research, 2004Co-Authors: Vladimir M Shkolnikov, Valeriy V Chervyakov, David A Leon, Martin MckeeAbstract:Analyses of routine data have established that the extreme mortality fluctuations among young and middle-aged men are the most important single component of both temporal changes in Russian life expectancy at birth and in the gap between male and female life expectancy. It is also responsible for the largest share of the life expectancy gap between Russia and other industrialised countries. A case-control study has been used to identify factors associated with mortality among men aged 20 to 55 in the five major cities of the Udmurt Republic in 1998-99. Men dying from external causes and circulatory disease are taken as cases. Matched controls were selected from men of the same age living in the same neighbourhood of residence. Information about characteristics of cases and controls was obtained by interviewing proxies who were 1 Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad Zuse Strasse 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany. E-mail: Shkolnikov@demogr.mpg.de 2 Transnational Family Research Institute, Ul. Ak. Koroleva, 8, kor. 1, k. 479, Moscow 129515, Russia. E-mail: valeriy.chervyakov@verizon.net 3 European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom. E-mail: Martin.McKee@lshtm.ac.uk 4 European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom. E-mail: David.Leon@lshtm.ac.uk Demographic Research – Special Collection 2: Article 4 -Determinants of Diverging Trends in Mortality -72 http://www.Demographic-Research.org family members or friends of the subjects. After exclusion of those deaths for which proxy informant could not be identified, a total of 205 circulatory disease and 333 external cause cases were included together with the same number of controls. Educational level was significantly associated with mortality from circulatory diseases and external causes in a crude analysis. However, this could largely be explained by adjustment for employment, marital status, smoking and alcohol consumption. Smoking was associated with mortality from circulatory disease (crude OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.364.36), this effect being slightly attenuated after adjustment for socio-economic factors and alcohol consumption. Unemployment was associated with a large increase in the risk of death from external causes (crude OR=3.63, 95% CI 2.17-6.08), an effect that was still substantial after adjustment for other variables (adjusted OR=2.52, 95% CI 1.43-4.43). A reported history of periods of heavy drinking was linked to both deaths from circulatory disease (crude OR=4.21, 95% CI 2.35-7.55) and external cause mortality (crude OR=2.65, 95% CI 1.69-4.17). Adjustment for other variables reduced the size of these odds ratios, but they remained strikingly large for circulatory disease (adjusted OR=3.54, 95% CI 1.76-7.13) and considerable for external causes (adjusted OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.02-3.00). These may be underestimates of the true effects as nearly all of them increased when employment status (which can in part at least be seen as being on the causal pathway) was excluded from the final model. In summary, however, our key finding is that a history of heavy drinking in the recent past is strongly associated with risk of death from circulatory disease. This provides the first individuallevel evidence in support of the hypothesis that episodic heavy drinking is key to explaining the heavy burden of circulatory disease mortality among Russian men of working age. Demographic Research – Special Collection 2: Article 4 -Determinants of Diverging Trends in Mortality -http://www.Demographic-Research.org 73
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russian mortality beyond vital statistics effects of social status and behaviours on deaths from circulatory disease and external causes a case control study of men aged 20 55 years in urdmurtia 1998 99
Demographic Research, 2004Co-Authors: Vladimir M Shkolnikov, Valeriy V Chervyakov, David A Leon, Martin MckeeAbstract:Analyses of routine data have established that the extreme mortality fluctuations among young and middle-aged men are the most important single component of both temporal changes in Russian life expectancy at birth and in the gap between male and female life expectancy. It is also responsible for the largest share of the life expectancy gap between Russia and other industrialised countries. A case-control study has been used to identify factors associated with mortality among men aged 20 to 55 in the five major cities of the Udmurt Republic in 1998-99. Men dying from external causes and circulatory disease are taken as cases. Matched controls were selected from men of the same age living in the same neighbourhood of residence. Information about characteristics of cases and controls was obtained by interviewing proxies who were 1 Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad Zuse Strasse 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany. E-mail: Shkolnikov@demogr.mpg.de 2 Transnational Family Research Institute, Ul. Ak. Koroleva, 8, kor. 1, k. 479, Moscow 129515, Russia. E-mail: valeriy.chervyakov@verizon.net 3 European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom. E-mail: Martin.McKee@lshtm.ac.uk 4 European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom. E-mail: David.Leon@lshtm.ac.uk Demographic Research – Special Collection 2: Article 4 -Determinants of Diverging Trends in Mortality -72 http://www.Demographic-Research.org family members or friends of the subjects. After exclusion of those deaths for which proxy informant could not be identified, a total of 205 circulatory disease and 333 external cause cases were included together with the same number of controls. Educational level was significantly associated with mortality from circulatory diseases and external causes in a crude analysis. However, this could largely be explained by adjustment for employment, marital status, smoking and alcohol consumption. Smoking was associated with mortality from circulatory disease (crude OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.364.36), this effect being slightly attenuated after adjustment for socio-economic factors and alcohol consumption. Unemployment was associated with a large increase in the risk of death from external causes (crude OR=3.63, 95% CI 2.17-6.08), an effect that was still substantial after adjustment for other variables (adjusted OR=2.52, 95% CI 1.43-4.43). A reported history of periods of heavy drinking was linked to both deaths from circulatory disease (crude OR=4.21, 95% CI 2.35-7.55) and external cause mortality (crude OR=2.65, 95% CI 1.69-4.17). Adjustment for other variables reduced the size of these odds ratios, but they remained strikingly large for circulatory disease (adjusted OR=3.54, 95% CI 1.76-7.13) and considerable for external causes (adjusted OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.02-3.00). These may be underestimates of the true effects as nearly all of them increased when employment status (which can in part at least be seen as being on the causal pathway) was excluded from the final model. In summary, however, our key finding is that a history of heavy drinking in the recent past is strongly associated with risk of death from circulatory disease. This provides the first individuallevel evidence in support of the hypothesis that episodic heavy drinking is key to explaining the heavy burden of circulatory disease mortality among Russian men of working age. Demographic Research – Special Collection 2: Article 4 -Determinants of Diverging Trends in Mortality -http://www.Demographic-Research.org 73
Christina Lubinski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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crossroads of family business Research and firm demography a critical assessment of family business survival rates
Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2011Co-Authors: Isabell Stamm, Christina LubinskiAbstract:Abstract Do family firms rise and decline in three generations? Not only since Thomas Mann's “The Buddenbrooks” has the survival rate of family firms intrigued family business scholars, practitioners and consultants. In this article, we trace the family firm survival rate to its roots and discuss its empirical basis and univocal reading. We then ask how the mortality of family businesses could be measured, and which contextual factors need to be taken into account. To this end we explore the literature on firm demography, a field which is particularly concerned with age and mortality, and identify crossroads with family business studies. We conclude by suggesting a re-conceptualization of survival rates within a larger firm Demographic Research framework.
Hedwig Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Promises and Pitfalls of Using Digital Traces for Demographic Research.
Demography, 2018Co-Authors: Nina Cesare, Hedwig Lee, Tyler H Mccormick, Emma S Spiro, Emilio ZagheniAbstract:The digital traces that we leave online are increasingly fruitful sources of data for social scientists, including those interested in Demographic Research. The collection and use of digital data also presents numerous statistical, computational, and ethical challenges, motivating the development of new Research approaches to address these burgeoning issues. In this article, we argue that Researchers with formal training in demography-those who have a history of developing innovative approaches to using challenging data-are well positioned to contribute to this area of work. We discuss the benefits and challenges of using digital trace data for social and Demographic Research, and we review examples of current Demographic literature that creatively use digital trace data to study processes related to fertility, mortality, and migration. Focusing on Facebook data for advertisers-a novel "digital census" that has largely been untapped by demographers-we provide illustrative and empirical examples of how Demographic Researchers can manage issues such as bias and representation when using digital trace data. We conclude by offering our perspective on the road ahead regarding demography and its role in the data revolution.
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promises and pitfalls of using digital traces for Demographic Research
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Nina Cesare, Hedwig Lee, Tyler H Mccormick, Emma S Spiro, Emilio ZagheniAbstract:The digital traces we leave online are increasingly fruitful sources of data for social scientists - including those interested in Demographic Research. The collection and use of these data also presents numerous statistical, computational, and ethical challenges, motivating the development of new Research approaches to address these burgeoning issues. In this discussion, we provide an overview of current work regarding the benefits and challenges of using digital traces of human behavior for population studies. We highlight potential applications of digital traces for Demographic Research, couched in a discussion of the a rapidly changing, broader literature on so-called "big social data." We provide examples of ways in which Demographic methods can shape the future of work that uses these data.