The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

David E. Mcclain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A review of Depleted Uranium biological effects: in vitro and in vivo studies.
    Reviews on environmental health, 2007
    Co-Authors: Alexandra C. Miller, David E. Mcclain
    Abstract:

    The use of Depleted Uranium in armor-penetrating munitions remains a source of controversy because of the numerous unanswered questions about its long-term health effects. Although no conclusive epidemiologic data have correlated DU exposure to specific health effects, studies using cultured cells and laboratory rodents continue to suggest the possibility of leukemogenic, genetic, reproductive, and neurological effects from chronic exposure. Until issues of concern are resolved with further research, the use of Depleted Uranium by the military will continue to be controversial.

  • Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride induces apoptosis in mouse J774 macrophages.
    Toxicology, 2002
    Co-Authors: John F. Kalinich, Narayani Ramakrishnan, Vilmar Villa, David E. Mcclain
    Abstract:

    Depleted Uranium entering the body as a result of inhalation or embedded fragments becomes associated to a great extent with macrophages. As part of our continuing studies on the health effects of internalized Depleted Uranium, we investigated the effect of soluble Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride on the mouse macrophage cell line, J774. Using a cytochemical staining protocol specific for Uranium, we found that Uranium uptake by the macrophages increased in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with 1, 10, or 100 microM Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride resulted in decreased viability of the J774 cells within 24 h. Flow cytometric analysis of the treated cells with annexin V showed the translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inner face of the plasma membrane to the outer surface indicating the loss of phospholipid symmetry and the beginning of the apoptotic process. Significant differences in annexin V labeling between control cells and cells treated with 100 microM Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride were apparent within 2 h. Other events associated with apoptosis, including morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, were also apparent after Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride treatment. These results suggest that the uptake and concentration of soluble Depleted Uranium by macrophages initiates events that results in the apoptotic death of these cells.

  • Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride induces apoptosis in mouse J774 macrophages.
    Toxicology, 2002
    Co-Authors: John F. Kalinich, Narayani Ramakrishnan, Vilmar Villa, David E. Mcclain
    Abstract:

    Depleted Uranium entering the body as a result of inhalation or embedded fragments becomes associated to a great extent with macrophages. As part of our continuing studies on the health effects of internalized Depleted Uranium, we investigated the effect of soluble Depleted Uranium/uranyl chloride on the mouse macrophage cell line, J774. Using a cytochemical staining protocol specific for Uranium, we found that Uranium uptake by the macrophages increased in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with 1, 10, or 100 mM Depleted Uranium/uranyl chloride resulted in decreased viability of the J774 cells within 24 h. Flow cytometric analysis of the treated cells with annexin V showed the translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inner face of the plasma membrane to the outer surface indicating the loss of phospholipid symmetry and the beginning of the apoptotic process. Significant differences in annexin V labeling between control cells and cells treated with 100 mM Depleted Uranium/uranyl chloride were apparent within 2 h. Other events associated with apoptosis, including morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, were also apparent after Depleted Uranium/uranyl chloride treatment. These results suggest that the uptake and concentration of soluble Depleted Uranium by macrophages initiates events that results in the apoptotic death of these cells. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • A procedure for the rapid detection of Depleted Uranium in metal shrapnel fragments.
    Military medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: John F. Kalinich, Narayani Ramakrishnan, David E. Mcclain
    Abstract:

    Depleted Uranium is now widely used in the armor of military vehicles as well as in kinetic-energy penetrators designed to defeat enemy armor. As a result, the potential that personnel will be wounded by Depleted Uranium fragments has increased. Because toxicities associated with Depleted Uranium fragments may ultimately require different treatment protocols than those used for traditional metal fragment injuries, a method to rapidly detect the presence of Depleted Uranium in surgically excised shrapnel fragments is required. By treating the shrapnel fragment with an extracting agent, such as nitric acid, for 5 minutes in an ultrasonic cleaner, sufficient metal is solubilized to allow for colorimetric detection using a pyridylazo dye. Although several metals are capable of being detected under these conditions, the reaction can be made specific for Depleted Uranium through the use of masking agents such as sodium citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. This procedure allows for the rapid (< 15 minutes) extraction and detection of Depleted Uranium in metal shrapnel fragments.

A V Parfienov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Depleted Uranium hexafluoride the fluorine source for production of the inorganic and organic compounds
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: V V Shatalov, V A Seredenko, Yu D Kalmakov, A V Ivanov, O B Gromov, A V Parfienov
    Abstract:

    Abstract The methods of the transfer of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride into the safer chemical forms have been analyzed. The Depleted Uranium hexafluoride is the very valuable source of the high-purity fluorine that it may be used for the production of the pure fluorine-containing compounds. The need for processing of hydrogen fluoride obtained as a result of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride (DUF 6 ) conversion, as a result of its high chemical and toxicological hazard. The methods and ways of fluorine application in different fields of science and technology are contained in DUF 6 . Basic direction of fluorine application, contained in DUF 6 , is nuclear fuel cycle.

  • Depleted Uranium hexafluoride—The fluorine source for production of the inorganic and organic compounds
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: V V Shatalov, V A Seredenko, A V Ivanov, O B Gromov, D.yu. Kalmakov, A V Parfienov
    Abstract:

    Abstract The methods of the transfer of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride into the safer chemical forms have been analyzed. The Depleted Uranium hexafluoride is the very valuable source of the high-purity fluorine that it may be used for the production of the pure fluorine-containing compounds. The need for processing of hydrogen fluoride obtained as a result of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride (DUF 6 ) conversion, as a result of its high chemical and toxicological hazard. The methods and ways of fluorine application in different fields of science and technology are contained in DUF 6 . Basic direction of fluorine application, contained in DUF 6 , is nuclear fuel cycle.

V V Shatalov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Depleted Uranium hexafluoride the fluorine source for production of the inorganic and organic compounds
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: V V Shatalov, V A Seredenko, Yu D Kalmakov, A V Ivanov, O B Gromov, A V Parfienov
    Abstract:

    Abstract The methods of the transfer of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride into the safer chemical forms have been analyzed. The Depleted Uranium hexafluoride is the very valuable source of the high-purity fluorine that it may be used for the production of the pure fluorine-containing compounds. The need for processing of hydrogen fluoride obtained as a result of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride (DUF 6 ) conversion, as a result of its high chemical and toxicological hazard. The methods and ways of fluorine application in different fields of science and technology are contained in DUF 6 . Basic direction of fluorine application, contained in DUF 6 , is nuclear fuel cycle.

  • Depleted Uranium hexafluoride—The fluorine source for production of the inorganic and organic compounds
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: V V Shatalov, V A Seredenko, A V Ivanov, O B Gromov, D.yu. Kalmakov, A V Parfienov
    Abstract:

    Abstract The methods of the transfer of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride into the safer chemical forms have been analyzed. The Depleted Uranium hexafluoride is the very valuable source of the high-purity fluorine that it may be used for the production of the pure fluorine-containing compounds. The need for processing of hydrogen fluoride obtained as a result of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride (DUF 6 ) conversion, as a result of its high chemical and toxicological hazard. The methods and ways of fluorine application in different fields of science and technology are contained in DUF 6 . Basic direction of fluorine application, contained in DUF 6 , is nuclear fuel cycle.

John F. Kalinich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride induces apoptosis in mouse J774 macrophages.
    Toxicology, 2002
    Co-Authors: John F. Kalinich, Narayani Ramakrishnan, Vilmar Villa, David E. Mcclain
    Abstract:

    Depleted Uranium entering the body as a result of inhalation or embedded fragments becomes associated to a great extent with macrophages. As part of our continuing studies on the health effects of internalized Depleted Uranium, we investigated the effect of soluble Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride on the mouse macrophage cell line, J774. Using a cytochemical staining protocol specific for Uranium, we found that Uranium uptake by the macrophages increased in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with 1, 10, or 100 microM Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride resulted in decreased viability of the J774 cells within 24 h. Flow cytometric analysis of the treated cells with annexin V showed the translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inner face of the plasma membrane to the outer surface indicating the loss of phospholipid symmetry and the beginning of the apoptotic process. Significant differences in annexin V labeling between control cells and cells treated with 100 microM Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride were apparent within 2 h. Other events associated with apoptosis, including morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, were also apparent after Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride treatment. These results suggest that the uptake and concentration of soluble Depleted Uranium by macrophages initiates events that results in the apoptotic death of these cells.

  • Depleted Uranium-uranyl chloride induces apoptosis in mouse J774 macrophages.
    Toxicology, 2002
    Co-Authors: John F. Kalinich, Narayani Ramakrishnan, Vilmar Villa, David E. Mcclain
    Abstract:

    Depleted Uranium entering the body as a result of inhalation or embedded fragments becomes associated to a great extent with macrophages. As part of our continuing studies on the health effects of internalized Depleted Uranium, we investigated the effect of soluble Depleted Uranium/uranyl chloride on the mouse macrophage cell line, J774. Using a cytochemical staining protocol specific for Uranium, we found that Uranium uptake by the macrophages increased in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with 1, 10, or 100 mM Depleted Uranium/uranyl chloride resulted in decreased viability of the J774 cells within 24 h. Flow cytometric analysis of the treated cells with annexin V showed the translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inner face of the plasma membrane to the outer surface indicating the loss of phospholipid symmetry and the beginning of the apoptotic process. Significant differences in annexin V labeling between control cells and cells treated with 100 mM Depleted Uranium/uranyl chloride were apparent within 2 h. Other events associated with apoptosis, including morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, were also apparent after Depleted Uranium/uranyl chloride treatment. These results suggest that the uptake and concentration of soluble Depleted Uranium by macrophages initiates events that results in the apoptotic death of these cells. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • A procedure for the rapid detection of Depleted Uranium in metal shrapnel fragments.
    Military medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: John F. Kalinich, Narayani Ramakrishnan, David E. Mcclain
    Abstract:

    Depleted Uranium is now widely used in the armor of military vehicles as well as in kinetic-energy penetrators designed to defeat enemy armor. As a result, the potential that personnel will be wounded by Depleted Uranium fragments has increased. Because toxicities associated with Depleted Uranium fragments may ultimately require different treatment protocols than those used for traditional metal fragment injuries, a method to rapidly detect the presence of Depleted Uranium in surgically excised shrapnel fragments is required. By treating the shrapnel fragment with an extracting agent, such as nitric acid, for 5 minutes in an ultrasonic cleaner, sufficient metal is solubilized to allow for colorimetric detection using a pyridylazo dye. Although several metals are capable of being detected under these conditions, the reaction can be made specific for Depleted Uranium through the use of masking agents such as sodium citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. This procedure allows for the rapid (< 15 minutes) extraction and detection of Depleted Uranium in metal shrapnel fragments.

V A Seredenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Depleted Uranium hexafluoride the fluorine source for production of the inorganic and organic compounds
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: V V Shatalov, V A Seredenko, Yu D Kalmakov, A V Ivanov, O B Gromov, A V Parfienov
    Abstract:

    Abstract The methods of the transfer of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride into the safer chemical forms have been analyzed. The Depleted Uranium hexafluoride is the very valuable source of the high-purity fluorine that it may be used for the production of the pure fluorine-containing compounds. The need for processing of hydrogen fluoride obtained as a result of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride (DUF 6 ) conversion, as a result of its high chemical and toxicological hazard. The methods and ways of fluorine application in different fields of science and technology are contained in DUF 6 . Basic direction of fluorine application, contained in DUF 6 , is nuclear fuel cycle.

  • Depleted Uranium hexafluoride—The fluorine source for production of the inorganic and organic compounds
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: V V Shatalov, V A Seredenko, A V Ivanov, O B Gromov, D.yu. Kalmakov, A V Parfienov
    Abstract:

    Abstract The methods of the transfer of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride into the safer chemical forms have been analyzed. The Depleted Uranium hexafluoride is the very valuable source of the high-purity fluorine that it may be used for the production of the pure fluorine-containing compounds. The need for processing of hydrogen fluoride obtained as a result of Depleted Uranium hexafluoride (DUF 6 ) conversion, as a result of its high chemical and toxicological hazard. The methods and ways of fluorine application in different fields of science and technology are contained in DUF 6 . Basic direction of fluorine application, contained in DUF 6 , is nuclear fuel cycle.