The Experts below are selected from a list of 31047 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Emily A West - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Descriptive Representation and political efficacy evidence from obama and clinton
The Journal of Politics, 2017Co-Authors: Emily A WestAbstract:Existing theory suggests that individuals who share their identity with elected officials should have more positive attitudes toward government. However, the effect has not been well identified among African Americans, and the hypothesis is underexplored with respect to women. Thus, I examine the effects of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton’s successes on African American and female political efficacy, using Iowa Electronic Markets contract prices during the 2008 primary to proxy daily shifts in perceptions of Obama and Clinton’s likelihood of winning. I combine this with daily political efficacy measures from the 2008 National Annenberg Election Study. African American efficacy increases with Obama’s perceived probability of success, while white Democrats who prefer Obama are unaffected, suggesting that the effect among African Americans is driven by race (and not the success of a preferred candidate). Clinton’s price is not correlated with women’s efficacy, suggesting that Descriptive Representation’s ef...
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does Descriptive Representation improve political efficacy evidence from obama and clinton
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Emily A WestAbstract:Does Descriptive Representation improve political efficacy? Existing theory suggests that it does: individuals who share their identity with elected officials should have more positive attitudes toward government. However, the effect that has been demonstrated for African Americans is not causally identified, and the hypothesis is under-explored with respect to women. Thus, I examine the effects of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton’s successes on African-American and female political efficacy, using Iowa Electronic Markets contract prices during the 2008 primary to proxy daily shifts in perceptions of Obama and Clinton’s likelihood of winning. I combine this with daily political efficacy measures from the 2008 National Annenberg Election Study. African-American efficacy increases with Obama’s perceived probability of success, while white attitudes are unaffected, casting doubt that Descriptive Representation’s effect is zero-sum in diverse settings. Clinton’s price is not correlated with women’s efficacy, suggesting that Descriptive Representation’s effects are less pronounced among women.
Jeremy M Weinstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Descriptive Representation and judicial outcomes in multiethnic societies
American Journal of Political Science, 2016Co-Authors: Guy Grossman, Oren Gazalayal, Samuel D Pimentel, Jeremy M WeinsteinAbstract:The extent to which judicial outcomes depend on judges' identities is a central question in multiethnic societies. Past work on the impact of the racial composition of appellate courts has narrowly focused on civil rights cases in the United States. We expand this literature by testing for ethnicity-based panel effects in criminal appeals in Israel. Using randomness in the assignment of cases to panels, we find that appeal outcomes for Jewish defendants are independent of panels' ethnic composition. By contrast, panel composition is highly consequential for Arab defendants, who receive more lenient punishments when their case is heard by a panel that includes at least one Arab judge, compared to all-Jewish panels. The magnitude of these effects is sizable: a 14–20% reduction in incarceration and a 15–26% reduction in prison sentencing. These findings contribute to recent debates on the relationship between Descriptive Representation and substantive outcomes in judicial bodies.
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Descriptive Representation and judicial outcomes in multi ethnic societies
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Guy Grossman, Oren Gazalayal, Samuel D Pimentel, Jeremy M WeinsteinAbstract:The extent to which judicial outcomes depend on judges' identities is a central question in multi-ethnic societies. Past work on the impact of the racial composition of appellate courts has narrowly focused on civil rights cases in the USA. We expand this literature by testing for ethnicity-based panel effects in criminal appeals in Israel. Using randomness in the assignment of cases to panels, we find that appeal outcomes for Jewish defendants are independent of panels' ethnic composition. By contrast, panel composition is highly consequential for Arab defendants, who receive more lenient punishments when their case is heard by a panel that includes at least one Arab judge, compared to all-Jewish panels. The magnitude of these effects is sizable: a 14-20% reduction in incarceration and a 15-26% reduction in prison sentencing. These findings contribute to recent debates on the relationship between Descriptive Representation and substantive outcomes in judicial bodies.
Robert R Preuhs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a different kind of Representation black and latino Descriptive Representation and the role of ideological cuing
Political Research Quarterly, 2011Co-Authors: Robert R Preuhs, Rodney E HeroAbstract:Most scholarship on minority Descriptive Representation focuses on whether minority legislators are “more” supportive of minority concerns than white legislators but does not address how Descriptive representatives differ in the use of decision-making cues when advocating for minority interests. Drawing on data from four Congresses and comparing two sets of minority group representatives with their white counterparts and each other, the authors show that an important effect of Descriptive Representation is that racial/ethnic minority representatives are uniquely influenced in their advocacy of minority interests by cues that stand apart from the conventional liberal/conservative political ideological frame.
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Descriptive Representation as a mechanism to mitigate policy backlash latino incorporation and welfare policy in the american states
Political Research Quarterly, 2007Co-Authors: Robert R PreuhsAbstract:While the election of racial/ethnic minority lawmakers has diversified American legislative institutions, scholars continue to find evidence of racial backlash in public policy decisions. This seems to undermine the Madisonian conception of the ability of minority interests to offset majoritarian resentment through Representation and raises the question, Can minority group representatives influence policy decisions in majoritarian institutions? Using evidence from the American states, this study shows that the fastest-growing ethnic minority group, Latinos, do benefit from Descriptive Representation, as increases in Latino Representation and legislative incorporation offset the negative effects of Latino population size on social welfare policy.
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the conditional effects of minority Descriptive Representation black legislators and policy influence in the american states
The Journal of Politics, 2006Co-Authors: Robert R PreuhsAbstract:Despite a substantial increase in the number of racial and ethnic minority lawmakers across the United States, scholars have been unable to demonstrate that diversification of representative bodies increases minority group influence over policy decisions outside of small local governing boards. These null findings, however, are primarily due to underspecified empirical designs that do not account for the conditioning effects of racialized political contexts and majority party coalition membership. Using state-level data on welfare benefit levels and a survey of black state legislators, this study shows that black Descriptive Representation exerts policy influence outside of local governing bodies, but that a highly racialized political context and party control condition the nature and degree of policy influence.
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Descriptive Representation legislative leadership and direct democracy latino influence on english only laws in the states 1984 2002
State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 2005Co-Authors: Robert R PreuhsAbstract:How does minority racial and ethnic Descriptive Representation exert policy influence in majoritarian representative institutions? And how do nonrepresentative majoritarian institutions, such as the citizen initiative, affect the degree of this influence? I use an event history analysis of state adoption of English Only laws from 1984 to 2002 to test a model of minority policy influence that is exerted through the possession of state legislative leadership positions. Unlike previous studies, I find that the size of the minority population and the level of Descriptive Representation in the legislature exert only an indirect effect on legislative policy decisions. Furthermore, the majoritarian rules of the initiative undermine the policy influence minorities gain through legislative leadership and can actually lead to a policy backlash.
Taofang Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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electing one of our own Descriptive Representation of asian americans
Social Science Research Network, 2010Co-Authors: Taofang HuangAbstract:The voting behavior of Asian Americans is one of the most intriguing puzzles of contemporary American politics. The potential political significance of the population growth rates of Asian Americans provides a lingering opportunity for parties and candidates seeking to boost their fortunes by mobilizing peripheral electorates. This study uses both experimental design and survey data to examine the thesis of minority Representation among Asian American voters. The analysis partially confirms the thesis with caution. The appearance of Asian American candidates on the ballot does increase turnout rates among Asian American voters. Mentioning the origin of the Asian Indian American candidate's parents seems to be positively associated with a higher preference of the Asian Indian American candidate over his opponent. The bivariate analysis of the 2008 presidential election does not only indirectly confirms the minority Representation thesis, but also suggests the viability of building an across-racial line coalition.
Jason Morin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of Descriptive Representation on latinos views of government and of themselves
Social Science Quarterly, 2011Co-Authors: Gabriel R Sanchez, Jason MorinAbstract:Objective. This article investigates the relationship between Descriptive Representation and the political attitudes of Latino citizens in the United States. We specifically test the impact of both panethnic and national-origin specific Representation on Latino citizens' attitudes toward government and their individual-level identity. Methods. Original data on the ethnicity and national origin of Latino mayors in 2005 and 2006 was merged with the Latino National Survey (2006) to analyze the impact of Descriptive Representation on four specific outcomes: perceptions of political alienation, efficacy, political commonality, and linked fate. Results. We find a meaningful relationship between Descriptive Representation and the political attitudes of Latino citizens. However, the impact of Representation varies by level (panethnic vs. national origin) and the particular outcome of interest. Conclusions. By developing a Latino-specific model of Descriptive Representation, this investigation improves our knowledge of how recent increases in the number of Latinos elected to public office have impacted the Latino electorate.
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the effect of Descriptive Representation on latinos views of government and of themselves
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Gabriel R Sanchez, Jason MorinAbstract:This article investigates the relationship between Descriptive Representation and the political attitudes of Latino citizens in the United States. We specifically test the impact of both panethnic and national-origin specific Representation on Latino citizens’ attitudes toward government and their individual level identity. Original data on the ethnicity and national origin of Latino mayors in 2005 and 2006 was merged with the Latino National Survey (2006) to analyze the impact of Descriptive Representation on four specific outcomes: perceptions of political alienation, efficacy, political commonality, and linked fate. We find a meaningful relationship between Descriptive Representation and the political attitudes of Latino citizens. However, the impact of Representation varies by level (panethnic vs. national origin) and the particular outcome of interest. By developing a Latino-specific model of Descriptive Representation, this investigation improves our knowledge of how recent increases in the number of Latinos elected to public office have impacted the Latino electorate.