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O. Nakamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Flow aggregated, traffic driven label mapping in label-switching Networks
    IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1999
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Nagami, Hiroshi Esaki, Yasuhiro Katsube, O. Nakamura
    Abstract:

    Label-switching technology enables high performance and flexible layer-3 packet forwarding based on the fixed-length label information that is mapped to the layer-3 packet stream. A label-switching router (LSR) forwards layer-3 packets based on their layer-3 address information or their label information that is mapped to the layer-3 address information. Two label-mapping policies have been proposed. One is traffic driven mapping, where the label is mapped for a layer-3 packet stream of each host-pair according to the actual packet arrival. The other is topology driven mapping, where the label is mapped in advance for a layer-3 packet stream toward the same Destination Network, regardless of actual packet arrival to the LSR. This paper evaluates the required number of labels under each of these two label-mapping policies using real backbone traffic traces. The evaluation shows that both label-mapping policies require a large number of labels. In order to reduce the required number of labels, we propose a label-mapping policy that is a combination of the two label-mapping policies above. This is traffic-driven label mapping for the packet stream toward the same Destination Network. The evaluation shows that the proposed label-mapping policy requires only about one-tenth as many labels as the traffic-driven label mapping for the host-pair packet stream and the topology-driven label mapping for the Destination-Network packet stream.

  • Flow aggregated traffic-driven label mapping in label switching Networks
    Internet Routing and Quality of Service, 1998
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Nagami, Hiroshi Esaki, Yasuhiro Katsube, O. Nakamura
    Abstract:

    Label switching technology enables high performance, flexible, layer-3 packet forwarding based on the fixed length label information mapped to the layer-3 packet stream. A Label Switching Router (LSR) forwards layer-3 packets based on their label information mapped to the layer-3 address information as well as their layer-3 address information. This paper evaluates the required number of labels under traffic-driven label mapping policy using the real backbone traffic traces. The evaluation shows that the label mapping policy requires a large number of labels. In order to reduce the required number of labels, we propose a label mapping policy which is a traffic-driven label mapping for the traffic toward the same Destination Network. The evaluation shows that the proposed label mapping policy requires only about one tenth as many labels compared with the traffic-driven label mapping for the host-pair packet stream,and the topology-driven label mapping for the Destination Network packet stream.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Rodolfo Baggio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • knowledge transfer in a tourism Destination the effects of a Network structure
    Service Industries Journal, 2010
    Co-Authors: Rodolfo Baggio, Chris Cooper
    Abstract:

    Tourism Destinations have a necessity to innovate in order to remain competitive in an increasingly global environment. A pre-requisite for innovation is the understanding of how Destinations source, share and use knowledge. This conceptual paper examines the nature of Networks and how their analysis can shed light upon the processes of knowledge sharing in Destinations as they strive to innovate. The paper conceptualizes Destinations as Networks of connected organizations, both public and private, each of which can be considered as a Destination stakeholder. In Network theory, they represent the nodes within the system. The paper shows how epidemic diffusion models can act as analogies for knowledge communication and transfer within a Destination Network. These models can be combined with other approaches to Network analysis to shed light on how Destination Networks operate, and how they can be optimized with policy intervention to deliver innovative and competitive Destinations. The paper closes with a practical tourism example taken from the Italian Destination of Elba. Using numerical simulations, the case demonstrates how the Elba Network can be optimized. Overall, this paper demonstrates the considerable utility of Network analysis for tourism in delivering Destination competitiveness.† -super-†An earlier version of this paper has been presented at the IASK Advances in Tourism Research 2008 Conference, Aveiro, Portugal, 26--28 May 2008.

  • Knowledge transfer in a tourism Destination: the effects of a Network structure
    arXiv: Physics and Society, 2009
    Co-Authors: Rodolfo Baggio, Chris Cooper
    Abstract:

    Tourism Destinations have a necessity to innovate to remain competitive in an increasingly global environment. A pre-requisite for innovation is the understanding of how Destinations source, share and use knowledge. This conceptual paper examines the nature of Networks and how their analysis can shed light upon the processes of knowledge sharing in Destinations as they strive to innovate. The paper conceptualizes Destinations as Networks of connected organizations, both public and private, each of which can be considered as a Destination stakeholder. In Network theory they represent the nodes within the system. The paper shows how epidemic diffusion models can act as an analogy for knowledge communication and transfer within a Destination Network. These models can be combined with other approaches to Network analysis to shed light on how Destination Networks operate, and how they can be optimized with policy intervention to deliver innovative and competitive Destinations. The paper closes with a practical tourism example taken from the Italian Destination of Elba. Using numerical simulations the case demonstrates how the Elba Network can be optimized. Overall this paper demonstrates the considerable utility of Network analysis for tourism in delivering Destination competitiveness.

  • Network position and perceptions of Destination stakeholder importance
    Anatolia, 2009
    Co-Authors: Chris Cooper, Noel Scott, Rodolfo Baggio
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT This paper examines the organization and governance of the inter-organizational Networks of key tourism organizations within the Gold Coast, Australia and how the position of individual stakeholders in a Destination Network is related to their perceived salience. In this study 22 key organizations identified using a reputation method were interviewed and asked about the skills and power of the 21 other organizations. Based on this data three analyses were conducted. Firstly, an analysis identified the order of the perceived salience of the organizations studied. Secondly, a k-core clustering analysis identified the organizational Network as having a core- periphery structure. Thirdly, the Network salience of each stakeholders was correlated with their perceived salience resulting in a correlation coefficient of 0.51. Together these analyses indicate that the key stakeholders on the Gold Coast are located in the core of the Network and form an elite that is seen as more salient while peripheral st...

  • The web of connections between tourism companies: Structure and dynamics
    Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2009
    Co-Authors: Luciano Da Fontoura Costa, Rodolfo Baggio
    Abstract:

    Tourism Destination Networks are amongst the most complex dynamical systems, involving a myriad of human-made and natural resources. In this work we report a complex Network-based systematic analysis of the Elba (Italy) tourism Destination Network, including the characterization of its structure in terms of several traditional measurements, the investigation of its modularity, as well as its comprehensive study in terms of the recently reported superedges approach. In particular, structural (the number of paths of distinct lengths between pairs of nodes, as well as the number of reachable companies) and dynamical features (transition probabilities and the inward/outward activations and accessibilities) are measured and analyzed, leading to a series of important findings related to the interactions between tourism companies. Among the several reported results, it is shown that the type and size of the companies influence strongly their respective activations and accessibilities, while their geographical position does not seem to matter. It is also shown that the Elba tourism Network is largely fragmented and heterogeneous, so that it could benefit from increased integration.

Kenichi Nagami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Flow aggregated, traffic driven label mapping in label-switching Networks
    IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1999
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Nagami, Hiroshi Esaki, Yasuhiro Katsube, O. Nakamura
    Abstract:

    Label-switching technology enables high performance and flexible layer-3 packet forwarding based on the fixed-length label information that is mapped to the layer-3 packet stream. A label-switching router (LSR) forwards layer-3 packets based on their layer-3 address information or their label information that is mapped to the layer-3 address information. Two label-mapping policies have been proposed. One is traffic driven mapping, where the label is mapped for a layer-3 packet stream of each host-pair according to the actual packet arrival. The other is topology driven mapping, where the label is mapped in advance for a layer-3 packet stream toward the same Destination Network, regardless of actual packet arrival to the LSR. This paper evaluates the required number of labels under each of these two label-mapping policies using real backbone traffic traces. The evaluation shows that both label-mapping policies require a large number of labels. In order to reduce the required number of labels, we propose a label-mapping policy that is a combination of the two label-mapping policies above. This is traffic-driven label mapping for the packet stream toward the same Destination Network. The evaluation shows that the proposed label-mapping policy requires only about one-tenth as many labels as the traffic-driven label mapping for the host-pair packet stream and the topology-driven label mapping for the Destination-Network packet stream.

  • Flow aggregated traffic-driven label mapping in label switching Networks
    Internet Routing and Quality of Service, 1998
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Nagami, Hiroshi Esaki, Yasuhiro Katsube, O. Nakamura
    Abstract:

    Label switching technology enables high performance, flexible, layer-3 packet forwarding based on the fixed length label information mapped to the layer-3 packet stream. A Label Switching Router (LSR) forwards layer-3 packets based on their label information mapped to the layer-3 address information as well as their layer-3 address information. This paper evaluates the required number of labels under traffic-driven label mapping policy using the real backbone traffic traces. The evaluation shows that the label mapping policy requires a large number of labels. In order to reduce the required number of labels, we propose a label mapping policy which is a traffic-driven label mapping for the traffic toward the same Destination Network. The evaluation shows that the proposed label mapping policy requires only about one tenth as many labels compared with the traffic-driven label mapping for the host-pair packet stream,and the topology-driven label mapping for the Destination Network packet stream.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Jun Jim Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • NPC - Towards a universal sketch for origin-Destination Network measurements
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Haiquan Chuck Zhao, Ashwin Lall, Ping Li, Jia Wang, Jun Jim Xu
    Abstract:

    Despite its importance in today's Internet, Network measurement was not an integral part of the original Internet architecture, i.e., there was (and still is) little native support for many essential measurement tasks. Targeting the inadequacy of counting/accounting capabilities of existing routers, many data streaming and sketching techniques have been proposed to estimate the important statistics of traffic going through a Network link. Most of these techniques are, however, developed to track one specific statistic and/or answer a specific type of query. Since there are a large number of such statistics and queries of interest, it is very difficult, if not impossible, for Network vendors and operators to implement and deploy data streaming/sketching solutions for all of them, due to router resource (memory, CPU, bus bandwidth, etc.) constraints. In this paper, we propose a general-purpose solution that can not only answer a wide range of queries, but also be able to answer types of queries that were not known a priori. In particular, we introduce the use of the Conditional Random Sampling (CRS) sketch data structure for succinctly capturing Network traffic data between a set of nodes in the Network. This sketch is the first step towards a "universal" sketch data structure in the sense that it is not tied to measurement of a single quantity. We show that the CRS sketch can compute unbiased estimates for any linear summary statistic in the intersection of a pair of traffic streams, e.g., traffic and flow matrix information, flow counts, and entropy. We present detailed experiments, using data collected at a tier-1 ISP, that show that our sketch is capable of estimating this wide range of statistics with fairly high accuracy.

Ma Yao-feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • COUPLING ANALYSIS BETWEEN TOURISM Network MARKETING SYSTEM AND TOURISM INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA
    Economic Geography, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ma Yao-feng
    Abstract:

    In order to study the provincial tourism Destination Network marketing system and tourism industry development level of the coupling relationship,this article used multi-index comprehensive evaluation of the principal component analysis(PCA) for quantitative analysis of tourism industry development,based on SPSS17.0 Social statistical software.Afterwards,through using multi-level analysis and combining with survey data,it calculated the comprehensive scores of tourism Network marketing system in each area.Finally,it analyzed the coupling degree between Network marketing system and tourism industry development.It has important significance for an in-depth understanding of the provincial tourism marketing situation and helps formulate correct tourism Destination Network marketing and the industrial development policy.