The Experts below are selected from a list of 18990 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Carlphilipp Heisenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • fluidization mediated tissue spreading by mitotic cell rounding and non canonical wnt signalling
    Nature Cell Biology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nicoletta I Petridou, Silvia Grigolon, Guillaume Salbreux, Edouard Hannezo, Carlphilipp Heisenberg
    Abstract:

    Tissue morphogenesis is driven by mechanical forces that elicit changes in cell size, shape and motion. The extent by which forces deform tissues critically depends on the rheological properties of the recipient tissue. Yet, whether and how dynamic changes in tissue rheology affect tissue morphogenesis and how they are regulated within the Developing Organism remain unclear. Here, we show that blastoderm spreading at the onset of zebrafish morphogenesis relies on a rapid, pronounced and spatially patterned tissue fluidization. Blastoderm fluidization is temporally controlled by mitotic cell rounding-dependent cell–cell contact disassembly during the last rounds of cell cleavages. Moreover, fluidization is spatially restricted to the central blastoderm by local activation of non-canonical Wnt signalling within the blastoderm margin, increasing cell cohesion and thereby counteracting the effect of mitotic rounding on contact disassembly. Overall, our results identify a fluidity transition mediated by loss of cell cohesion as a critical regulator of embryo morphogenesis. Studying blastoderm spreading in zebrafish, Petridou et al. discover that this process is facilitated by tissue fluidization, mediated by a local loss of cell–cell adhesion during mitotic rounding and spatially restricted by Wnt.

  • d arcy thompson s on growth and form from soap bubbles to tissue self organization
    Mechanisms of Development, 2017
    Co-Authors: Carlphilipp Heisenberg
    Abstract:

    Tissues are thought to behave like fluids with a given surface tension. Differences in tissue surface tension (TST) have been proposed to trigger cell sorting and tissue envelopment. D'Arcy Thompson in his seminal book 'On Growth and Form' has introduced this concept of differential TST as a key physical mechanism dictating tissue formation and organization within the Developing Organism. Over the past century, many studies have picked up the concept of differential TST and analyzed the role and cell biological basis of TST in development, underlining the importance and influence of this concept in developmental biology.

Jason Q Boone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identification of drosophila type ii neuroblast lineages containing transit amplifying ganglion mother cells
    Developmental Neurobiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Jason Q Boone
    Abstract:

    Mammalian neural stem cells generate transit amplifying progenitors that expand the neuronal population, but these type of progenitors have not been studied in Drosophila. The Drosophila larval brain contains ∼100 neural stem cells (neuroblasts) per brain lobe, which are thought to bud off smaller ganglion mother cells (GMCs) that each produce two post-mitotic neurons. Here, we use molecular markers and clonal analysis to identify a novel neuroblast cell lineage containing “transit amplifying GMCs” (TA-GMCs). TA-GMCs differ from canonical GMCs in several ways: each TA-GMC has nuclear Deadpan, cytoplasmic Prospero, forms Prospero crescents at mitosis, and generates up to 10 neurons; canonical GMCs lack Deadpan, have nuclear Prospero, lack Prospero crescents at mitosis, and generate two neurons. We conclude that there are at least two types of neuroblast lineages: a Type I lineage where GMCs generate two neurons, and a type II lineage where TA-GMCs have longer lineages. Type II lineages allow more neurons to be produced faster than Type I lineages, which may be advantageous in a rapidly Developing Organism like Drosophila. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008

  • Identification of Drosophila type II neuroblast lineages containing transit amplifying ganglion mother cells
    2008
    Co-Authors: Jason Q Boone, Chris Q. Doe
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT: Mammalian neural stem cells gener-ate transit amplifying progenitors that expand the neu-ronal population, but these type of progenitors have not been studied in Drosophila. The Drosophila larval brain contains*100 neural stem cells (neuroblasts) per brain lobe, which are thought to bud off smaller ganglion mother cells (GMCs) that each produce two post-mitotic neurons. Here, we use molecular markers and clonal analysis to identify a novel neuroblast cell lineage con-taining ‘‘transit amplifying GMCs’ ’ (TA-GMCs). TA-GMCs differ from canonical GMCs in several ways: each TA-GMC has nuclear Deadpan, cytoplasmic Pros-pero, forms Prospero crescents at mitosis, and generates up to 10 neurons; canonical GMCs lack Deadpan, have nuclear Prospero, lack Prospero crescents at mitosis, and generate two neurons. We conclude that there are at least two types of neuroblast lineages: a Type I line-age where GMCs generate two neurons, and a type II lineage where TA-GMCs have longer lineages. Type II lineages allow more neurons to be produced faster than Type I lineages, which may be advantageous in a rapidly Developing Organism like Drosophila. ' 2008 Wile

Andrew Mugler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • diffusion vs direct transport in the precision of morphogen readout
    eLife, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sean Fancher, Andrew Mugler
    Abstract:

    Morphogen profiles allow cells to determine their position within a Developing Organism, but not all morphogen profiles form by the same mechanism. Here, we derive fundamental limits to the precision of morphogen concentration sensing for two canonical mechanisms: the diffusion of morphogen through extracellular space and the direct transport of morphogen from source cell to target cell, for example, via cytonemes. We find that direct transport establishes a morphogen profile without adding noise in the process. Despite this advantage, we find that for sufficiently large values of profile length, the diffusion mechanism is many times more precise due to a higher refresh rate of morphogen molecules. We predict a profile lengthscale below which direct transport is more precise, and above which diffusion is more precise. This prediction is supported by data from a wide variety of morphogens in Developing Drosophila and zebrafish.

  • Diffusion vs. direct transport in the precision of morphogen readout
    bioRxiv, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sean Fancher, Andrew Mugler
    Abstract:

    Morphogen profiles allow cells to determine their position within a Developing Organism, but not all morphogen profiles form by the same mechanism. Here we derive fundamental limits to the precision of morphogen concentration sensing for two canonical mechanisms: the diffusion of morphogen through extracellular space and the direct transport of morphogen from source cell to target cell, e.g., via cytonemes. We find that direct transport establishes a morphogen profile without adding noise in the process. Despite this advantage, we find that for sufficiently large values of profile length, the diffusion mechanism is many times more precise due to a higher refresh rate of morphogen molecules. We predict a profile lengthscale below which direct transport is more precise, and above which diffusion is more precise. This prediction is supported by data from a wide variety of morphogens in Developing Organisms.

  • Diffusion vs. direct transport in the precision of morphogen readout
    arXiv: Biological Physics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Sean Fancher, Andrew Mugler
    Abstract:

    Morphogen profiles allow cells to determine their position within a Developing Organism, but the mechanisms behind the formation of these profiles are still not well agreed upon. Here we derive fundamental limits to the precision of morphogen concentration sensing for two canonical models: the diffusion of morphogen through extracellular space and the direct transport of morphogen from source cell to target cell, e.g. via cytonemes. We find that direct transport establishes a morphogen profile without adding extrinsic noise. Despite this advantage, we find that for sufficiently large values of population size and profile length, the diffusion mechanism is many times more precise due to a higher refresh rate of morphogen molecules. Our predictions are supported by data from a wide variety of morphogens in Developing Organisms.

Sean Fancher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • diffusion vs direct transport in the precision of morphogen readout
    eLife, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sean Fancher, Andrew Mugler
    Abstract:

    Morphogen profiles allow cells to determine their position within a Developing Organism, but not all morphogen profiles form by the same mechanism. Here, we derive fundamental limits to the precision of morphogen concentration sensing for two canonical mechanisms: the diffusion of morphogen through extracellular space and the direct transport of morphogen from source cell to target cell, for example, via cytonemes. We find that direct transport establishes a morphogen profile without adding noise in the process. Despite this advantage, we find that for sufficiently large values of profile length, the diffusion mechanism is many times more precise due to a higher refresh rate of morphogen molecules. We predict a profile lengthscale below which direct transport is more precise, and above which diffusion is more precise. This prediction is supported by data from a wide variety of morphogens in Developing Drosophila and zebrafish.

  • Diffusion vs. direct transport in the precision of morphogen readout
    bioRxiv, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sean Fancher, Andrew Mugler
    Abstract:

    Morphogen profiles allow cells to determine their position within a Developing Organism, but not all morphogen profiles form by the same mechanism. Here we derive fundamental limits to the precision of morphogen concentration sensing for two canonical mechanisms: the diffusion of morphogen through extracellular space and the direct transport of morphogen from source cell to target cell, e.g., via cytonemes. We find that direct transport establishes a morphogen profile without adding noise in the process. Despite this advantage, we find that for sufficiently large values of profile length, the diffusion mechanism is many times more precise due to a higher refresh rate of morphogen molecules. We predict a profile lengthscale below which direct transport is more precise, and above which diffusion is more precise. This prediction is supported by data from a wide variety of morphogens in Developing Organisms.

  • Diffusion vs. direct transport in the precision of morphogen readout
    arXiv: Biological Physics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Sean Fancher, Andrew Mugler
    Abstract:

    Morphogen profiles allow cells to determine their position within a Developing Organism, but the mechanisms behind the formation of these profiles are still not well agreed upon. Here we derive fundamental limits to the precision of morphogen concentration sensing for two canonical models: the diffusion of morphogen through extracellular space and the direct transport of morphogen from source cell to target cell, e.g. via cytonemes. We find that direct transport establishes a morphogen profile without adding extrinsic noise. Despite this advantage, we find that for sufficiently large values of population size and profile length, the diffusion mechanism is many times more precise due to a higher refresh rate of morphogen molecules. Our predictions are supported by data from a wide variety of morphogens in Developing Organisms.

Andreas Tomac - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.