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Pietro Sampaio Baruselli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of induction of ovulation with estradiol benzoate at p4 Device Removal on ovulation rate and fertility in bos indicus cows submitted to a tai protocol
    Animal Reproduction Science, 2019
    Co-Authors: G A Crepaldi, Jose Nelio De Sousa Sales, R W Girotto, Julia Gleyci Soares De Carvalho, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
    Abstract:

    This study aimed to minimize the number of times cattle need to be confined during protocols for TAI in beef cows treated for induction of ovulation with EB at the time of P4 Device Removal (P4r). In Experiment 1, cows were treated with P4 plus EB (Day 0; AM) and were allocated to one of three groups at P4r: EB8.5, EB at P4r on Day 8.5 (PM; three confinements); EB9, EB 24 h after P4r on Day 8 (AM; four confinements) and EC8, EC at P4r on Day 8 (AM; positive control; three confinements). At P4r, cows were treated with PGF2a plus eCG. Ultrasonography was performed from D8 to D12. The interval from P4r to ovulation was less in the EB8.5 compared to EB9 and EC8 group. There was no difference in the ovulation rate between groups. The variability of ovulation was greater in the EB8.5 and EC8 compared to EB9 group. In Experiment 2, cows of EC8 and EB9 groups were submitted to TAI 48 to 52 h (AM) or 54 to 58 h (PM) after P4r (D10). Cows of the EB8.5 group were submitted to TAI 38 to 42 h (AM) or 44 to 48 h (PM) after P4r (D10). There was no interaction between treatments and timing of AI and no treatment effect and timing of AI on P/AI. In conclusion, the delay compared to what typically occurs by 10 h of P4r concomitant with EB administration (Day 8.5) reduced the frequency of animal confinement for the TAI protocol without affecting the reproductive efficiency and the flexibility to perform the TAI in suckled beef cows.

  • ovulation synchronization with estradiol benzoate or gnrh in a timed artificial insemination protocol in buffalo cows and heifers during the nonbreeding season
    Theriogenology, 2017
    Co-Authors: N A T Carvalho, J N S Sales, J R G Maio, J G Soares, D C Souza, B Martins, R C Macari, M J Docchio, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to compare estradiol benzoate (EB) and GnRH for the induction of ovulation in a TAI protocol in buffalo during the nonbreeding season. In experiment 1, 141 buffaloes (56 cows and 85 heifers) received an intravaginal P4 Device (1.0 g) plus EB (2.0-mg, intramuscular [im]) at random stage of the estrous cycle (Day 0). On Day 9, the P4 Device was removed, and buffaloes were given PGF2α (0.53-mg im sodium cloprostenol) plus eCG (400-IU im). Buffaloes were then randomly allocated to one of three groups and treated as follows: EB24 (n = 47), EB (1.0 mg im) 24 hours after P4 Device Removal; EB36 (n = 50), EB 36 hours after P4 Device Removal; GnRH48 (n = 44), GnRH (10 μg im buserelin acetate) 48 hours after P4 Device Removal. Ultrasound examinations were performed on Day 0 to ascertain ovarian follicular status, Day 9 to measure follicular diameter, and from Day 11 to Day 14 (every 12 hours for 60 hours) to establish the time of ovulation. There were no significant differences between EB24, EB36, and GnRH48 for diameter of the ovulatory follicle (13.1 ± 0.3, 13.7 ± 0.3, and 13.7 ± 0.3 mm; P = 0.26) and ovulation rate (78.7%, 82.0%, and 84.1%; P = 0.93). When compared with heifers, cows had a greater diameter of the dominant follicle on Day 9 (10.3 ± 0.3 and 8.6 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.0001), diameter of the ovulatory follicle (14.1 ± 0.3 and 13.1 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.01), ovulation rate (91.1% and 75.3%; P = 0.02), and interval from P4 Device Removal to ovulation (76.3 ± 1.3 and 72.5 ± 1.4 hours; P = 0.05). In experiment 2, 511 buffaloes (354 cows and 157 heifers) were assigned to the same treatments described in experiment 1 (EB24, n = 168; EB36, n = 172; and GnRH48, n = 171), and all animals were submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI) 64 hours after P4 Device Removal. Pregnancy diagnosis was undertaken 30 days after TAI. There were no significant differences between EB24, EB36, and GnRH48 for pregnancy rate (45.2%, 43.0%, and 49.7%; P = 0.46), and the pregnancy rate did not differ (P = 0.31) for cows (47.5%) and heifers (42.7%). The findings from the two experiments indicated that EB (24 or 36 hours) and GnRH (48 hours) induce comparable follicular responses, ovulation, and pregnancy rates in buffalo cows and heifers. Although there were some differences in the follicular responses between cows and heifers, the pregnancy rate to TAI was nonetheless similar.

  • effect of circulating progesterone concentration during synchronization for fixed time artificial insemination on ovulation and fertility in bos indicus nelore beef cows
    Theriogenology, 2015
    Co-Authors: J N S Sales, G A Crepaldi, R W Girotto, J B P Carvalho, J R G Maio, Jose Camisao De Souza, J G Soares, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
    Abstract:

    Four experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of different circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations during a synchronization of ovulation protocol for the timed artificial insemination (TAI) of Bos indicus (Nelore) beef cattle. In the first trial, 13 ovariectomized Nelore heifers were randomly allocated into one of three groups using new P4 Devices (New; 1.0 g P4), previously used P4 Devices for 8 days (Used1x), and previously used P4 Devices for 16 days (Used2x), in a crossover experimental design. The circulating P4 concentrations during the P4 Device treatment were lower for Used1x (2.3 ± 0.1 ng/mL) and Used2x (2.0 ± 0.1 ng/mL) than those for New (3.8 ± 0.2 ng/mL; P = 0.001). In the second trial, the ovarian follicular dynamics of 60 anestrous cows were evaluated after the cows received the treatments described previously (New [n = 20], Used1x [n = 20], and Used2x [n = 20]). During the insertion of the P4 Device, the cows were administered 2.0-mg estradiol benzoate. Eight days later, the P4 Device was removed, and the cows were administered 0.53-mg sodium cloprostenol, 300 IU eCG, and 1-mg estradiol cypionate. There were no differences among the groups during the interval from P4 Device Removal to ovulation (73.7 ± 2.9 vs. 69.8 ± 2.4 vs. 68.4 ± 2.3 hours) or regarding the ovulation rate (70.0% vs. 80.0% vs. 85.0%). However, the maximum diameter of the largest follicle was greater (P = 0.06) in the Used2x (15.3 ± 0.4 mm) than that of New (13.5 ± 0.8 mm) and Used1x (14.9 ± 0.5 mm). In experiment 3, 443 anestrous cows were randomly assigned into one of the three treatments (New [n = 144] vs. Used1x [n = 167] vs. Used2x [n = 132]) and received a TAI 48 hours after the P4 Device Removal. The diameter of the largest follicle during the Device Removal (10.7 ± 0.3 vs. 11.2 ± 0.2 vs. 11.3 ± 0.3 mm) and the 30-day pregnancy rates (51.4% vs. 53.9% vs. 43.2%) did not differ among the experimental groups. In experiment 4, a field trial with 593 B indicus (Nelore) cows was conducted to evaluate the pregnancy per AI using different levels of P4 in a TAI protocol (New [n = 189] vs. Used1x [n = 203] vs. Used2x [n = 201]). The pregnancy per AI was similar between the treatment groups (63.5% vs. 57.6% vs. 62.7%). In conclusion, the low circulating P4 concentrations that were released from a used P4 Device efficiently controlled the ovarian follicular growth and exhibited no detrimental effects on the pregnancy rates of the B indicus (Nelore) beef cattle.

  • effect of associating estradiol benzoate and gnrh at the beginning of the timed ai protocol on fertility of high producing holstein cows
    Animal reproduction, 2015
    Co-Authors: R Ruggeri, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli, C D Narciso, E O S Batista, R Sartori, A H Souza
    Abstract:

    This study was designed to test the hypothesis that associating estradiol benzoate (EB) with GnRH at the beggining of the timed AI (TAI) protocol would improve conception results (P/AI) in high producing dairy cows. Holstein cows (n = 254) with average daily production of 41.3 ± 5.8 kg, body condition score of 2.9 ± 0.1 and at 158.3 ± 9.4 DIM were synchronized at their first postpartum AI and if found open at pregnancy diagnosis. Cows were randomized according to parity and corpus luteum (CL) presence at D0 one of the following synchronizatrion programs for TAI: 1) EBGnRH: D0 = 2mg of BE (Sigma-Aldrich® + insertion of P4 Device (CIDR, Zoetis), D2 = GnRH (100 µg gonadorelin, Factrel, Zoetis), D7 = PGF2α (25mg dinoprost, Zoetis) and P4 Device Removal, D8 = second treatment with PGF2α, D10 = TAI performed simultaneously with a GnRH treatment, aproximately 72h after P4 Device Removal; 2) NOEBGnRH: similar protocol, without the EB treatment on D0. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound 30 days after AI. Statistical analyses were performed with the procedure Glimmix of SAS, 9.3. Cows receiving EB associated with GnRH at the begining of the TAI protocol had greater P/AI compared to cows that received only GnRH (42.0% vs 31.0%; P<0.05). In addition, there was no interaction between the type of protocol and parity (Primiparous: EBGnRH = 36.8% vs NOEBGnRH = 22.2%, P=0.11; Multiparous: EBGnRH = 43.5% vs NOEBGnRH = 41.2%, P=0.80) or CL presence (with CL: EBGnRH = 48.0% vs NOEBGnRH = 31.6%, P=0.06; without CL: EBGnRH = 32.7% vs NOEBGnRH = 30.0%, P=0.79). These results show a positive effect of associating EB and GnRH at the beginning of the TAI protocol; however, future experiments will be required to elucidate underlying physiological mechanisms linked to this improvement in fertility, possibly involved with an improved control of the follicle wave emergence.

  • dynamics of follicular growth and progesterone concentrations in cyclic and anestrous suckling nelore cows bos indicus treated with progesterone equine chorionic gonadotropin or temporary calf Removal
    Theriogenology, 2014
    Co-Authors: T R R Barreiros, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli, W Blaschi, G M G Santos, Fabio Morotti, E R Andrade, Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of eCG and temporary calf Removal (TCR) associated with progesterone (P4) treatment on the dynamics of follicular growth, CL size, and P4 concentrations in cyclic (n = 36) and anestrous (n = 30) Nelore cows. Cyclic (C) and anestrous (A) cows were divided into three groups. The control group received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate via intramuscular (IM) injection and an intravaginal Device containing 1.9 g of P4 on Day 0. On Day 8, the Device was removed, and the animals received 12.5 mg of dinoprost tromethamine IM. After 24 hours, the animals received 1 mg of estradiol benzoate IM. In the eCG group, cows received the same treatment described for the control group but also received 400 UI of eCG at the time of Device Removal. In the TCR group, calves were separated from the cows for 56 hours after Device Removal. Ultrasound exams were performed every 24 hours after Device Removal until the time of ovulation and 12 days after ovulation to measure the size of the CL. On the same day as the CL measurement, blood was collected to determine the plasma P4 level. Statistical analyses were performed with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. In cyclic cows, the presence of the CL at the beginning of protocol resulted in a smaller follicle diameter at the time of Device Removal (7.4 ± 0.3 mm in cows with CL vs. 8.9 ± 0.4 mm in cows without CL; P = 0.03). All cows ovulated within 72 hours after Device Removal. Anestrous cows treated with eCG or TCR showed follicle diameter at fixed-timed artificial insemination (A-eCG 10.2 ± 0.3 and A-TCR 10.3 ± 0.5 mm) and follicular growth rate (A-eCG 1.5 ± 0.2 and A-TCR 1.3 ± 0.1 mm/day) similar to cyclic cows (C-eCG 11.0 ± 0.6 and C-TCR 12.0 ± 0.5 mm) and (C-eCG 1.4 ± 0.2 and C-TCR 1.6 ± 0.2 mm/day, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). Despite the similarities in CL size, the average P4 concentration was higher in the A-TCR (9.6 ± 1.4 ng/mL) than in the A-control (4.0 ± 1.0 ng/mL) and C-TCR (4.4 ± 1.0 ng/mL) groups (P < 0.05). From these results, we conclude that eCG treatment and TCR improved the fertility of anestrous cows by providing follicular growth rates and size of dominant follicles similar to cyclic cows. Additionally, TCR increases the plasma concentrations of P4 in anestrous cows.

M Sa F Filho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin in tai protocol on suckled bos taurus beef cows impact on follicle growth and occurrence of estrus
    Animal reproduction, 2015
    Co-Authors: G W Carloto, A P Martini, G A Pessoa, M C C Rodrigues, Cassio Cassal Brauner, P S Baruselli, M I B Rubin, Marcio Nunes Correa, F G Leivas, M Sa F Filho
    Abstract:

    This study evaluated the use of different doses (0, 300 or 400 IU) of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) administered at the moment at progesterone (P4) Device Removal and their impact on follicular growth and estrus occurrence on suckled Bos taurus beef cows. Cows from five commercial beef farms located in three distinguished regions of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil were used. At the onset of the synchronization protocol (D0), 966 cows with body condition score 2.77±0.02 (score 1-5) received an intravaginal P4 Device (CIDR®, Zoetis, SP, Brazil) and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate IM (Gonadiol®, Zoetis). On Day 9, the P4 Device was removed, and were administrated 12,5 mg of dinoprost tromethamine IM (Lutalyse®, Zoetis) plus 1mg of estradiol cypionate IM (E.C.P.®, Zoetis). At this moment, cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: Control (n = 323), 300 IU (n = 326) or 400 IU (n = 317). The TAI was 48 h later P4 Device Removal. The females had their tail-heads painted with chalk paint (Raidl-Maxi, Raidex GmbH, Dettingen / Erms, Germany) at the time of removed of P4 Device. Females without mark at the time of TAI were considered as displayed estrous. Additionally, 435 cows in anoestrus (no corpus luteum at the time of Device insertion P4; Control: n= 146; 300UI: n= 153; 400 IU: n= 136) had follicular diameter at the time of the remove Device P4 and the TAI evaluated to determine follicular growth after treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS and the data compared by orthogonal contrast (C): C1 (eCG effect) and C2 (effect of eCG dose). The eCG treatment increased the estrus occurrence (Control = 53.7%, 300 IU = 70.6% and 400 IU = 77.0%; C1; P<0.0004), however, there was no difference between the doses used (C2; P=0.58). Also, because of the similarity of follicular diameter at the time of P4 Device Removal (Control = 11.0 ± 0.2 mm, 300 IU = 10.7 ± 0.2 mm and 400 IU = 11.0 ± 0.2 mm; C1; P=0.32 and C2; P=0.38) and larger follicular diameter on the TAI of cows treated with eCG (Control = 13.5 ± 0.3 mm, 300 IU = 14.0 ± 0.2 mm and 400 IU = 15.1 ± 0.3 mm; C1 ; P<0.04 and C2; P=0.19) the follicular growth (mm/day) was greater (Control = 1.2 ± 0.1 mm, 300 IU = 1.6 ± 0.1 mm and 400 IU = 2.1 ± 0.1 mm; C1; P<0.0001) in cows treated with eCG, regardless of the administered doses (C2; P=0.33). According to the literature, most animals having estrus manifest follicle and have higher probability of pregnancy. Therefore, the treatment with eCG, regardless of the dose of 300 or 400 IU administered, increases the occurrence of estrus and follicular growth in suckled Bos taurus beef cows.

  • 102 supplementation with estradiol cypionate at the onset of a synchronized proestrus alters the uterine gene expression of suckled anestrous beef cows
    Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2015
    Co-Authors: M Sa F Filho, G Pugliesi, A M Gonelladiaza, M Sponchiado, M F Mendanha, R S Ramos, Sonia C S Andrade, G Gasperin, Marcelo Demarchi Goissis, F S Mesquita
    Abstract:

    The present study evaluated the effect of oestradiol cypionate (ECP) supplementation at the onset of a proestrus [i.e. at progesterone (P4) Device Removal of the synchronization of ovulation protocol] on the global endometrial gene expression of suckled anestrous beef cows. A total of 12 suckled cows presenting absence of corpus luteum detected by ultrasound received 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate IM and an intravaginal P4 Device. Eight days later, P4 Devices were removed, and the cows received 500 mg of sodium cloprostenol IM. Cows were blocked according to body condition score and diameter of largest follicle (LF) at P4 Device Removal and were randomly assigned to receive an IM treatment with 1 mg of ECP (ECP, n = 6) or not (CON, n = 6) at the P4 Device Removal. All cows received 10 μg of buserelin acetate 48 h after P4 Device Removal and were timed AI immediately after. Cows presenting a new corpus luteum formed 6 days after the gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment had an endometrial fragment collected by transcervical biopsy. RNA-Seq analysis was performed and the transcriptome profile was obtained. The significance of differential gene expression was assessed with the package DESEqn 2 v.1.2.10 and the differential expression estimation was based on the GLM followed by the Wald test. The significance threshold was established as an FDR- Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P-value of <0.1. The integrated analysis was performed using DAVID database. In total, 135 transcripts were differentially expressed between ECP and CON groups, of which 73 genes were up-regulated by ECP supplementation and 62 genes were up-regulated in the CON cows. Two pathways were overrepresented by the ECP-induced transcripts: pathways in cancer (n = 5 genes) and small cell lung cancer (n = 3 genes). On the other hand, ECP-inhibited transcripts indicated the enrichment of 3 pathways: Parkinson's disease (n = 3 genes), oxidative phosphorylation (n = 3 genes), and Alzheimer's disease (n = 3 genes). More specifically, ECP-induced transcripts associated with pathways in cancer [gene symbol (fold change); respectively] were LAMC3 (1.55), PTCH1 (1.51), PTCH2 (1.52), PIK3R3 (1.22), and PIAS1 (1.18), whereas ECP-inhibited transcripts associated with oxidative phosphorylation were ATP5F1 (1.18), ATP5J (1.24), and NDUFB3 (1.37). Therefore, ECP supplementation at onset of the synchronized proestrous slightly alters the uterine transcriptome. The enriched pathways affected by the ECP supplementation described in this work need to be studied more but these results show candidate pathways that can be associated with uterine environment and receptivity and with possible regulation by oestradiol supplementation given at the onset of the proestrous.

  • 17 manipulation of proestrus period by exogenous gonadotropin and estradiol during timed artificial insemination protocol in suckled beef cows
    Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2013
    Co-Authors: Pietro Sampaio Baruselli, P C S F Pitaluga, M Sa F Filho, J N S Sales, L Vincenti
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eCG or estradiol cypionate (ECP) during the proestrus period on estrus occurrence, ovarian responses, and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in suckled Bos indicus beef cows subjected to timed AI (TAI) protocols. A total of 393 cows in random stages of estrus (Day 0), received an intravaginal progesterone (P4) Device (1.9 g of P4; CIDR®, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA) and 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate IM (EB; Gonadiol®, MDS Animal Health). Eight days later, the P4 Devices were removed, and cows were given 0.15 mg of d-cloprostenol (Prostaglandina Tortuga®, Tortuga Companhia Zootecnica Agraria, Sao Paulo, Brazil). At this time, cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 300 IU of eCG (Group eCG; n = 138), 300 IU of eCG plus 1 mg of ECP IM (Group eCG+ECP; n = 124), or no additional treatment (control; n = 131). Cows were timed inseminated 48 h after P4 Device Removal and were administrated simultaneously 100 µg of gonadorelin IM (Profertil®, Tortuga Companhia Zootecnica Agraria). A subset of cows (n = 98) were evaluated according to the occurrence of estrus between the P4 Device Removal and TAI and their ovarian follicles were evaluated by ultrasound at P4 Device Removal and corpus luteum (5 days after TAI). The data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and differences with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A greater pregnancy rate (P/AI; P = 0.04) was observed in cows receiving the eCG treatment at P4 Device Removal [eCG = 42% (58/138) and eCG+ECP = 50.8% (63/124)] than cows from the control group [29.8% (39/131)]. There was no additive effect of ECP supplementation on P/AI. Cows that received ECP [eCG+ECP = 56.3% (18/32)] displayed more estrus (P = 0.002) compared with those receiving eCG [eCG = 23.5% (8/34)] or only GnRH at TAI [control = 15.6% (5/32)]. In addition, regardless of the ECP supplementation, cows receiving the eCG treatment at P4 Device Removal [eCG = 85.3% (29/34) and eCG+ECP = 90.1% (29/32)] presented a greater ovulation rate than cows from the control group [65.6% (21/32)]. In conclusion, exogenous estradiol administrated at Device Removal increased the proportion of suckled Bos indicus cows that displayed estrus. Cows receiving eCG treatment (with or without estradiol supplementation) had greater ovulatory and pregnancy responses after the estradiol/P4-based synchronization protocol.

  • the effect of timing of the induction of ovulation on embryo production in superstimulated lactating holstein cows undergoing fixed time artificial insemination
    Theriogenology, 2012
    Co-Authors: C M Martins, M Sa F Filho, C A Rodrigues, L M Vieira, R J Mapletoft, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
    Abstract:

    Two experiments evaluated the effects of timing of the induction of ovulation in superstimulated lactating Holstein donor cows that were fixed-time artificially inseminated. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the effects of the timing of progesterone (P4) Device Removal (Experiment 1) or the addition of a second norgestomet implant (Experiment 2) during superstimulation. In Experiment 1, 12 cows were allocated to one of four treatment groups with the timing of P4 Device Removal (24 or 36 h) and pLH treatment (48 or 60 h), after the first PGF as main factors, in a Latin Square (cross-over) design. There was an interaction (P = 0.03) between time of P4 Device Removal and time of pLH treatment. Mean (± SEM) numbers of transferable embryos were higher when the P4 Device was removed at 36 h and pLH was administered at 60 h after the first PGF (P36LH60 =6.3 ± 1.4) compared to other treatments (P24LH60 =3.7 ± 1.1; P24LH48 =2.4 ± 0.8; or P36LH48 =2.2 ± 0.7). In Experiment 2, 40 cows were randomly allocated into one of four treatments with the number of norgestomet implants (one or two) and the time of induction of ovulation with GnRH relative to the first PGF (48 vs. 60 h) as main effects. The mean number of transferable embryos was higher (P = 0.02) when GnRH was administered at 60 h (4.2 ± 1.3) compared to at 48 h (2.7 ± 0.8), and the number of freezable embryos was increased (P = 0.01) in cows receiving two (3.0 ± 1.0) rather than one norgestomet implant (1.5 ± 0.5). In summary, embryo production in lactating Holstein cows was increased when the ovulatory stimulus (pLH or GnRH) was given 60 h after the first PGF, particularly when the P4 Device was removed 36 h after the first PGF and when two norgestomet ear implants were used during the superstimulation protocol.

  • optimizing the use of sex sorted sperm in timed artificial insemination programs for suckled beef cows
    Journal of Animal Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: M Sa F Filho, R W Girotto, R V Sala, E Campos P Filho, E K Abe, L Penteado, J F Moreno, Marcilio Nichi, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
    Abstract:

    Three experiments were designed to evaluate methods to optimize the use of sex-sorted sperm in timed AI (TAI) programs for suckled beef cows. In all 3 experiments, suckled Bos indicus cows were synchronized using an intravaginal progesterone (P4) Device during 8 d and a 2.0-mg injection of intramuscular estradiol benzoate (EB) at Device insertion. The females received PG and eCG (300 IU) at P4 Device Removal and 1.0 mg of EB 24 h later. The cows were inseminated 60 to 64 h after P4 Device withdrawal. All cows had their ovaries scanned by transrectal ultrasound at TAI to indentify and to measure the largest follicle (LF) present. In Exp. 1, a total of 853 cows had their LF classified as <9 mm or ≥9 mm at the time of TAI; these cows were then randomly assigned to 4 groups according to their LF diameter (<9 mm or ≥9 mm) and the type of sperm used (sex-sorted or non-sex-sorted). There was an interaction (P = 0.02) between the type of sperm and LF diameter beginning at TAI[non-sex-sorted ≥9 mm = 58.9%a (126/214); non-sex-sorted <9 mm = 49.5%b (106/214);sex-sorted ≥9 mm = 56.8%ab (134/236); and sex-sorted <9 mm = 31.2%c (59/189), a≠b≠c = P < 0.05]. In Exp. 2, suckled cows (n = 491) were classified immediately before TAI as having displayed estrus or not (estrus or no estrus) between P4 Device Removal and TAI. These cows were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to the occurrence of estrus and the type of sperm (sex-sorted or non-sex-sorted). There were effects of the occurrence of estrus (P = 0.0003) and the type of sperm (P = 0.05) on pregnancy per AI [P/AI; no estrus, non-sex-sorted = 43.6% (27/62); estrus, non-sex-sorted = 58.5%; (107/183); no estrus, sex-sorted = 33.9% (21/62), and estrus, sex-sorted = 50.0% (92/184)]; however, no interaction between the occurrence of estrus and type of sperm was observed (P = 0.87). In Exp. 3, a total of 200 suckled cows presenting LF ≥9 mm at TAI were randomly assigned to receive sex-sorted sperm deposited into the uterine body (n = 100) or into the uterine horn ipsilateral to the recorded LF (n = 100). No effect of deeper AI on P/AI was found (P = 0.57). Therefore, the LF diameter at TAI and the occurrence of estrus can be used as selection criteria to identify cows with greater odds of pregnancy to receive sex-sorted sperm in TAI programs. In addition, performing TAI with sex-sorted sperm deeper into the uterus did not alter the pregnancy results.

J N S Sales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Although it induces synchronized ovulation, hCG reduces the fertility of Santa Ines ewes submitted to TAI
    2018
    Co-Authors: L.m.k. Dias, N G Alves, J N S Sales, P. Viau, M.b.p. Barros, S.s. Nicolau, L.m.s. Simões, M.a. Alonso, R. Valentim, C.a. Oliveira
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate hCG treatment on ovarian response and on pregnancy rate using a 9-day oestrus synchronization protocol in Santa Ines ewes. On a random oestrus cycle day, ewes received an intravaginal progesterone Device (Primer-PR®, Tecnopec, Brazil). Nine days later (Day 9), 30µg of d-cloprostenol (Prolise®, Syntex, Argentina) and 250IU of eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, Brazil) were administered and the progesterone Device was removed. This moment, the ewes were randomly assigned on two groups: Control Group and hCG Group. In the hCG Group, the ewes received 500IU of hCG (Vetecor®, Hertape-Calier, Spain) 24h after Device Removal. In the Control Group, the ewes did not receive any ovulation inductor. Control and hCG Groups ewes were inseminated 60h and 48h after Device Removal, respectively. There was no difference between the groups regarding the first ovulatory follicle diameter and the second ovulatory follicle. hCG Group ewes had shorter interval between Device Removal and ovulation (Control: 79.9±15.4h and hCG: 54.7±4.9h; P=0.001) and more synchronized ovulations. However, the treatment with hCG decreased the pregnancy rate after TAI (P=0,009). In conclusion, hCG administration improves ovulatory synchronisation, but causes a decrease in the pregnancy rate.

  • ovulation synchronization with estradiol benzoate or gnrh in a timed artificial insemination protocol in buffalo cows and heifers during the nonbreeding season
    Theriogenology, 2017
    Co-Authors: N A T Carvalho, J N S Sales, J R G Maio, J G Soares, D C Souza, B Martins, R C Macari, M J Docchio, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to compare estradiol benzoate (EB) and GnRH for the induction of ovulation in a TAI protocol in buffalo during the nonbreeding season. In experiment 1, 141 buffaloes (56 cows and 85 heifers) received an intravaginal P4 Device (1.0 g) plus EB (2.0-mg, intramuscular [im]) at random stage of the estrous cycle (Day 0). On Day 9, the P4 Device was removed, and buffaloes were given PGF2α (0.53-mg im sodium cloprostenol) plus eCG (400-IU im). Buffaloes were then randomly allocated to one of three groups and treated as follows: EB24 (n = 47), EB (1.0 mg im) 24 hours after P4 Device Removal; EB36 (n = 50), EB 36 hours after P4 Device Removal; GnRH48 (n = 44), GnRH (10 μg im buserelin acetate) 48 hours after P4 Device Removal. Ultrasound examinations were performed on Day 0 to ascertain ovarian follicular status, Day 9 to measure follicular diameter, and from Day 11 to Day 14 (every 12 hours for 60 hours) to establish the time of ovulation. There were no significant differences between EB24, EB36, and GnRH48 for diameter of the ovulatory follicle (13.1 ± 0.3, 13.7 ± 0.3, and 13.7 ± 0.3 mm; P = 0.26) and ovulation rate (78.7%, 82.0%, and 84.1%; P = 0.93). When compared with heifers, cows had a greater diameter of the dominant follicle on Day 9 (10.3 ± 0.3 and 8.6 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.0001), diameter of the ovulatory follicle (14.1 ± 0.3 and 13.1 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.01), ovulation rate (91.1% and 75.3%; P = 0.02), and interval from P4 Device Removal to ovulation (76.3 ± 1.3 and 72.5 ± 1.4 hours; P = 0.05). In experiment 2, 511 buffaloes (354 cows and 157 heifers) were assigned to the same treatments described in experiment 1 (EB24, n = 168; EB36, n = 172; and GnRH48, n = 171), and all animals were submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI) 64 hours after P4 Device Removal. Pregnancy diagnosis was undertaken 30 days after TAI. There were no significant differences between EB24, EB36, and GnRH48 for pregnancy rate (45.2%, 43.0%, and 49.7%; P = 0.46), and the pregnancy rate did not differ (P = 0.31) for cows (47.5%) and heifers (42.7%). The findings from the two experiments indicated that EB (24 or 36 hours) and GnRH (48 hours) induce comparable follicular responses, ovulation, and pregnancy rates in buffalo cows and heifers. Although there were some differences in the follicular responses between cows and heifers, the pregnancy rate to TAI was nonetheless similar.

  • effect of circulating progesterone concentration during synchronization for fixed time artificial insemination on ovulation and fertility in bos indicus nelore beef cows
    Theriogenology, 2015
    Co-Authors: J N S Sales, G A Crepaldi, R W Girotto, J B P Carvalho, J R G Maio, Jose Camisao De Souza, J G Soares, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
    Abstract:

    Four experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of different circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations during a synchronization of ovulation protocol for the timed artificial insemination (TAI) of Bos indicus (Nelore) beef cattle. In the first trial, 13 ovariectomized Nelore heifers were randomly allocated into one of three groups using new P4 Devices (New; 1.0 g P4), previously used P4 Devices for 8 days (Used1x), and previously used P4 Devices for 16 days (Used2x), in a crossover experimental design. The circulating P4 concentrations during the P4 Device treatment were lower for Used1x (2.3 ± 0.1 ng/mL) and Used2x (2.0 ± 0.1 ng/mL) than those for New (3.8 ± 0.2 ng/mL; P = 0.001). In the second trial, the ovarian follicular dynamics of 60 anestrous cows were evaluated after the cows received the treatments described previously (New [n = 20], Used1x [n = 20], and Used2x [n = 20]). During the insertion of the P4 Device, the cows were administered 2.0-mg estradiol benzoate. Eight days later, the P4 Device was removed, and the cows were administered 0.53-mg sodium cloprostenol, 300 IU eCG, and 1-mg estradiol cypionate. There were no differences among the groups during the interval from P4 Device Removal to ovulation (73.7 ± 2.9 vs. 69.8 ± 2.4 vs. 68.4 ± 2.3 hours) or regarding the ovulation rate (70.0% vs. 80.0% vs. 85.0%). However, the maximum diameter of the largest follicle was greater (P = 0.06) in the Used2x (15.3 ± 0.4 mm) than that of New (13.5 ± 0.8 mm) and Used1x (14.9 ± 0.5 mm). In experiment 3, 443 anestrous cows were randomly assigned into one of the three treatments (New [n = 144] vs. Used1x [n = 167] vs. Used2x [n = 132]) and received a TAI 48 hours after the P4 Device Removal. The diameter of the largest follicle during the Device Removal (10.7 ± 0.3 vs. 11.2 ± 0.2 vs. 11.3 ± 0.3 mm) and the 30-day pregnancy rates (51.4% vs. 53.9% vs. 43.2%) did not differ among the experimental groups. In experiment 4, a field trial with 593 B indicus (Nelore) cows was conducted to evaluate the pregnancy per AI using different levels of P4 in a TAI protocol (New [n = 189] vs. Used1x [n = 203] vs. Used2x [n = 201]). The pregnancy per AI was similar between the treatment groups (63.5% vs. 57.6% vs. 62.7%). In conclusion, the low circulating P4 concentrations that were released from a used P4 Device efficiently controlled the ovarian follicular growth and exhibited no detrimental effects on the pregnancy rates of the B indicus (Nelore) beef cattle.

  • effect of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin on follicular and luteal dynamics and p ai of high producing holstein cows
    Animal Reproduction Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: R M Ferreira, J N S Sales, C A Rodrigues, H Ayres, A H Souza, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The hypotheses of this study were (1) that the administration of 400IU eCG in a TAI protocol would increase ovarian follicular growth and diameter of the largest follicle (LF), volume of the CL, and produce an earlier rise on serum concentration of progesterone (P4) to ultimately improve P/AI compared to non-treated high-producing Holstein cows; and (2) that 600IU of eCG could enhance any potential effects of a greater gonadotropin treatment upon follicular and luteal size and function, improving P/AI. Cows were subjected to a protocol of synchronization of ovulation for timed artificial insemination (TAI): D0–P4 Device insert and estradiol benzoate, D8–P4 Device Removal and PGF2α; Experiment 1, D10PM – GnRH plus TAI; and Experiment 2, D10AM – GnRH, D10PM – TAI. In Experiment 1, at P4 Device Removal, cows were assigned to one of the two treatments to receive none ( n =232) or 400IU ( n =232) of eCG. In Experiment 2, again at P4 Device Removal, cows were assigned to one of the three treatments to receive no eCG, ( n =166) 400 ( n =145) or 600IU ( n =145) of eCG. Pregnancy was diagnosed 35 days after TAI. Ultrasonographic examination of both ovaries was done in a subset of cows in Experiments 1 [no eCG ( n =27) and 400IU eCG ( n =14)], and 2 [no eCG ( n =15), 400IU eCG ( n =14) and 600IU eCG ( n =11)]. Exams were conducted at Device Removal (D8) and TAI (D10) to measure the diameter of the LF; then twice daily from D10 to 13, to determine time to ovulation and the maximum diameter of the LF; and then 3 (D14), 6 (D17), 9 (D20) and 12 (D23) days after presumed ovulation, concurrent with blood sampling, to measure the volume of the CL and serum concentration of P4. In both studies, eCG (400 or 600IU)-treated cows had similar diameter of the LF on D8 and D10, growth rate of the LF from Days 8 to 10, ovulation rate, time to ovulation, volume of the CL, serum concentration of P4 and P/AI as compared to control animals. Thus, adding either 400 or 600IU eCG to TAI protocols was inefficient to alter follicular and luteal dynamics and increase P/AI in high-producing dairy cows under the conditions of these experiments. The lack of positive effects of eCG in the present study might be explained by the small percentage of cows with poor body condition score and lesser incidence of anestrus.

  • 17 manipulation of proestrus period by exogenous gonadotropin and estradiol during timed artificial insemination protocol in suckled beef cows
    Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2013
    Co-Authors: Pietro Sampaio Baruselli, P C S F Pitaluga, M Sa F Filho, J N S Sales, L Vincenti
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eCG or estradiol cypionate (ECP) during the proestrus period on estrus occurrence, ovarian responses, and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in suckled Bos indicus beef cows subjected to timed AI (TAI) protocols. A total of 393 cows in random stages of estrus (Day 0), received an intravaginal progesterone (P4) Device (1.9 g of P4; CIDR®, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA) and 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate IM (EB; Gonadiol®, MDS Animal Health). Eight days later, the P4 Devices were removed, and cows were given 0.15 mg of d-cloprostenol (Prostaglandina Tortuga®, Tortuga Companhia Zootecnica Agraria, Sao Paulo, Brazil). At this time, cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 300 IU of eCG (Group eCG; n = 138), 300 IU of eCG plus 1 mg of ECP IM (Group eCG+ECP; n = 124), or no additional treatment (control; n = 131). Cows were timed inseminated 48 h after P4 Device Removal and were administrated simultaneously 100 µg of gonadorelin IM (Profertil®, Tortuga Companhia Zootecnica Agraria). A subset of cows (n = 98) were evaluated according to the occurrence of estrus between the P4 Device Removal and TAI and their ovarian follicles were evaluated by ultrasound at P4 Device Removal and corpus luteum (5 days after TAI). The data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and differences with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A greater pregnancy rate (P/AI; P = 0.04) was observed in cows receiving the eCG treatment at P4 Device Removal [eCG = 42% (58/138) and eCG+ECP = 50.8% (63/124)] than cows from the control group [29.8% (39/131)]. There was no additive effect of ECP supplementation on P/AI. Cows that received ECP [eCG+ECP = 56.3% (18/32)] displayed more estrus (P = 0.002) compared with those receiving eCG [eCG = 23.5% (8/34)] or only GnRH at TAI [control = 15.6% (5/32)]. In addition, regardless of the ECP supplementation, cows receiving the eCG treatment at P4 Device Removal [eCG = 85.3% (29/34) and eCG+ECP = 90.1% (29/32)] presented a greater ovulation rate than cows from the control group [65.6% (21/32)]. In conclusion, exogenous estradiol administrated at Device Removal increased the proportion of suckled Bos indicus cows that displayed estrus. Cows receiving eCG treatment (with or without estradiol supplementation) had greater ovulatory and pregnancy responses after the estradiol/P4-based synchronization protocol.

F S Mesquita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Impact of hormonal modulation of proestrus on uterine gene expression associated with cell proliferation of suckled anestrous beef cows
    Animal reproduction, 2015
    Co-Authors: M. F. Sá Filho, G Pugliesi, M Sponchiado, M F Mendanha, R S Ramos, Marcelo Demarchi Goissis, F S Mesquita, P S Baruselli, A. M. Gonella-diaza, Mario Binelli
    Abstract:

    Previous studies demonstrated that estradiol cypionate (ECP) supplementation at the onset of proestrus alters uterine transcriptome of anestrous suckled beef cows (Sa Filho et al., IETS, 2015. p. 102 – abstract). Enriched pathways affected by the ECP supplementation described in this previous work identified genes associated with cell proliferation, suggesting a relationship with the modulation of uterine receptivity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of ECP and/or equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) supplementation at the onset of synchronized proestrus on endometrial expression of candidate genes associated with cell proliferation, in suckled anestrous beef cows. Evaluated genes were: progesterone receptor (PGR), oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), oestrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), collagen, type IV, alpha 1 (COL4A1), patched homolog 2 (PTCH2) and integrin, beta 3 (ITGB3). A total of 46 suckled cows was treated with 2 mg of intramuscular estradiol benzoate and received a P4 intravaginal Device. Eight days later, P4 Devices were removed, and cows received an intramuscular administration of 500 mg of cloprostenol. Cows were blocked by body condition score and diameter of largest follicle (LF) at the time of progesterone (P4) Device Removal. Simultaneously, animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control (CON; n=11), ECP (1mg; n=11), eCG (400IU; n=12) and ECP+eCG (1mg and 400IU, respectively; n=11). At 48 h after the P4 Device Removal, all cows received 10 μg of buserelin acetate and were immediately artificially inseminated at fixed time. Six days after GnRH treatment, cows that presented a recently formed corpus luteum had uterine tissue collected by transcervical biopsy. The P values 0.10) between ECP and eCG on the expression of the evaluated transcripts. ECP treatment induced greater endometrial abundance of PTCH2 (P=0.07) and COL4A1 (P=0.02) genes, whereas suppressed EGFR (P=0.09) gene expression. ECP treatment did not affect the gene expression of ESR1 (P=0.90), ESR2 (P=0.61), HBEGF (P=0.80) and ITGB3 (P=0.57). On the other hand, eCG treatment induced greater endometrial abundance of HB-EGF (P=0.06), ESR2 (P=0.09), and ITGB3 (P=0.05) genes, whereas reduced the gene expression of ESR1 (P=0.05). eCG supplementation did not alter the expression of EGFR (P=0.34), PTCH2 (P=0.31) and COL4A1 (P=0.19). Additionally, the expression of PGR was not altered by either ECP (P=0.51) or eCG (P=0.25) treatments. Therefore, the present results support the hypothesis that supplementation with ECP or eCG at onset of the proestrous in suckled anestrous beef cows acts on the endometrial tissue to alter the abundance of genes associated with cell proliferation during early diestrus

  • 102 supplementation with estradiol cypionate at the onset of a synchronized proestrus alters the uterine gene expression of suckled anestrous beef cows
    Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2015
    Co-Authors: M Sa F Filho, G Pugliesi, A M Gonelladiaza, M Sponchiado, M F Mendanha, R S Ramos, Sonia C S Andrade, G Gasperin, Marcelo Demarchi Goissis, F S Mesquita
    Abstract:

    The present study evaluated the effect of oestradiol cypionate (ECP) supplementation at the onset of a proestrus [i.e. at progesterone (P4) Device Removal of the synchronization of ovulation protocol] on the global endometrial gene expression of suckled anestrous beef cows. A total of 12 suckled cows presenting absence of corpus luteum detected by ultrasound received 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate IM and an intravaginal P4 Device. Eight days later, P4 Devices were removed, and the cows received 500 mg of sodium cloprostenol IM. Cows were blocked according to body condition score and diameter of largest follicle (LF) at P4 Device Removal and were randomly assigned to receive an IM treatment with 1 mg of ECP (ECP, n = 6) or not (CON, n = 6) at the P4 Device Removal. All cows received 10 μg of buserelin acetate 48 h after P4 Device Removal and were timed AI immediately after. Cows presenting a new corpus luteum formed 6 days after the gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment had an endometrial fragment collected by transcervical biopsy. RNA-Seq analysis was performed and the transcriptome profile was obtained. The significance of differential gene expression was assessed with the package DESEqn 2 v.1.2.10 and the differential expression estimation was based on the GLM followed by the Wald test. The significance threshold was established as an FDR- Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P-value of <0.1. The integrated analysis was performed using DAVID database. In total, 135 transcripts were differentially expressed between ECP and CON groups, of which 73 genes were up-regulated by ECP supplementation and 62 genes were up-regulated in the CON cows. Two pathways were overrepresented by the ECP-induced transcripts: pathways in cancer (n = 5 genes) and small cell lung cancer (n = 3 genes). On the other hand, ECP-inhibited transcripts indicated the enrichment of 3 pathways: Parkinson's disease (n = 3 genes), oxidative phosphorylation (n = 3 genes), and Alzheimer's disease (n = 3 genes). More specifically, ECP-induced transcripts associated with pathways in cancer [gene symbol (fold change); respectively] were LAMC3 (1.55), PTCH1 (1.51), PTCH2 (1.52), PIK3R3 (1.22), and PIAS1 (1.18), whereas ECP-inhibited transcripts associated with oxidative phosphorylation were ATP5F1 (1.18), ATP5J (1.24), and NDUFB3 (1.37). Therefore, ECP supplementation at onset of the synchronized proestrous slightly alters the uterine transcriptome. The enriched pathways affected by the ECP supplementation described in this work need to be studied more but these results show candidate pathways that can be associated with uterine environment and receptivity and with possible regulation by oestradiol supplementation given at the onset of the proestrous.

Larry M Baddour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • abstract 15979 utility of post extraction follow up blood cultures in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic Device infection
    Circulation, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sarwat Khalil, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Douglas W Challener, Pooja Gurram, Wajeeha Tariq, Natalia Castilloalmeida, Larry M Baddour, Daniel C Desimone, Walter R Wilson, Brian D Lahr
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Cardiovascular implantable electronic Devices (CIED) infections are frequently complicated with bloodstream infection (BSI). Complete Device Removal and prolonged antimicrobial therap...

  • outcomes in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic Device infection managed with chronic antibiotic suppression
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2017
    Co-Authors: Eugene M Tan, Larry M Baddour, Daniel C Desimone, Walter R Wilson, James M Steckelberg, Rizwan M Sohail, Abinash Virk
    Abstract:

    Background. Most cardiovascular implantable electronic Device (CIED) recipients are elderly, have multiple comorbid conditions, and are at increased risk of CIED infection (CIEDI). Current guidelines recommend complete Device Removal in patients with CIEDI to prevent relapse and mortality. However, comorbidities or other factors may preclude Device Removal, thus prompting a nonsurgical approach that includes chronic antibiotic suppression (CAS). There are limited data on outcomes of patients receiving CAS for CIEDI. Methods. We retrospectively screened 660 CIEDI cases from 2005 to 2015 using electronic health records and a CIEDI institutional database and identified 48 patients prescribed CAS. Primary outcomes were infection relapse and survival. Results. The median age was 78 years, and 73% (35/48) were male. The median Charlson comorbidity index was 4. Common pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (21%, 10/48) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (19%, 9/48). At 1 month after hospitalization, 25% (12/48) of patients had died, of whom only 1 initiated CAS; 67% (8/12) of these had staphylococcal infections. Of the 37 patients who initiated CAS, the most common antimicrobials were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, and amoxicillin (22%, 8/37 each). Estimated median overall survival was 1.43 years (95% confidence interval, 0.27-2.14), with 18% (6/33 survivors) developing relapse within 1 year. Of the 6 patients who relapsed, 2 (33%) subsequently underwent CIED extraction. Conclusion. CAS is reasonable in select patients who are not candidates for complete Device Removal for attempted cure of CIEDI. Nevertheless, 1-month mortality in our sample of CAS-eligible patients was high and reflective of high rates of comorbid conditions.

  • impact of timing of Device Removal on mortality in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic Device infections
    Heart Rhythm, 2011
    Co-Authors: Muhammad R Sohail, Walter R Wilson, Paul A Friedman, Daniel Z Uslan, Stephen S Cha, David L Hayes, James M Steckelberg, Larry M Baddour
    Abstract:

    Background Cardiovascular implantable electronic Device (CIED) infections are associated with increased mortality. However, detailed analyses of the impact of Device Removal on mortality have been limited. Objective This study sought to evaluate the impact of timing Device Removal on mortality in patients with CIED infections. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all cases of CIED infections seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1991 and 2008. The impact of Device Removal on 30-day and 1-year mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Of 416 patients with CIED infection, 23 (5.5%) died by 30 days and 61 (14.6%) died by 1 year. Forty-four (12.0%) developed complications related to Device Removal, and 3 (0.8%) died. Complete procedural success was achieved in 341 (81.9%) and clinical success in 391 (93.9%) cases. In multivariate analysis, antimicrobial therapy without Device Removal was associated with a 7-fold increase in 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 6.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36 to 35.60). Although Device Removal complications were associated with increased mortality at 30 days (HR 4.33, 95% CI 1.47 to 12.70) and at 1 year (HR 3.77, 95% CI 1.88 to 7.55), immediate Device Removal, when compared to delay in Device Removal in favor of initial conservative therapy with antimicrobials alone, and no Device Removal, was associated with a 3-fold decrease in 1-year mortality (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.75). Conclusion Although Device Removal resulted in fatal complications in a few patients, the mortality associated with a delay in Device Removal was significantly higher. Therefore, early and complete Device Removal was associated with improved outcomes.

  • outcomes in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic Devices and bacteremia caused by gram positive cocci other than staphylococcus aureus
    Circulation-arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Malini Madhavan, Walter R Wilson, Muhammad R Sohail, Paul A Friedman, David L Hayes, James M Steckelberg, Larry M Baddour
    Abstract:

    Background— Infection is a serious complication of cardiovascular implantable electronic Device (CIED) placement and requires Device Removal for attempted cure. Methods and Results— We studied the rate, risk factors, and outcomes of CIED infection in 74 consecutive patients with bacteremia caused by Gram-positive cocci (GPC) other than Staphylococcus aureus between 2001 and 2007. CIED infection was defined as the presence of signs of infection at the generator site, lead vegetations seen on echocardiography, or microbiological growth from Device cultures. Twenty-two (30%) of 74 patients with non–S aureus GPC bacteremia had CIED infections. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) accounted for 73% of CIED infections. The rate of CIED infection in patients with CoNS bacteremia was almost 2-fold that of non-CoNS GPC bacteremia (36% versus 20%, P =0.13). The number of leads, the presence of abandoned leads, and prior generator replacement were associated with CIED infection. Among 33 patients without identifiable CIED infection at initial evaluation who did not undergo Device Removal, 5 (15%) had relapsing bacteremia within 12 weeks of completing antibiotic therapy. CoNS accounted for all relapses, and none had evidence of CIED infection at relapse. Conclusions— Patients with a CIED and bacteremia caused by GPC other than S aureus frequently had evidence of underlying CIED infection on clinical evaluation that included transesophageal echocardiography. This was particularly true among those with CoNS bacteremia. No evidence of underlying CIED infections was identified in the subgroup of patients who did not have manifestations of CIED infection on initial evaluation but subsequently had relapsing bacteremia caused by CoNS.

  • outcomes in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic Devices and bacteremia due to gram positive cocci other than staphylococcus aureus
    Circulation-arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Malini Madhavan, Walter R Wilson, Muhammad R Sohail, Paul A Friedman, David L Hayes, James M Steckelberg, Larry M Baddour
    Abstract:

    Background —Infection is a serious complication of cardiovascular implantable electronic Device (CIED) placement and requires Device Removal for attempted cure. Methods and results —We studied the rate, risk factors and outcomes of CIED infection in 74 consecutive patients with bacteremia due to gram-positive cocci (GPC) other than Staphylococcus aureus between 2001 and 2007. CIED infection was defined as presence of signs of infection at the generator site, lead vegetations seen on echocardiography, or microbiological growth from Device cultures. Twenty-two (30%) of 74 patients with non- S. aureus GPC bacteremia had CIED infections. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) accounted for 73% of CIED infections. The rate of CIED infection in patients with CoNS bacteremia was almost two-fold that of non-CoNS GPC bacteremia (36% vs 20%, p=0.13). Number of leads, presence of abandoned leads, and prior generator replacement were associated with CIED infection. Among 33 patients without identifiable CIED infection at initial evaluation, who did not undergo Device Removal, 5 (15%) experienced relapsing bacteremia within 12 weeks of completing antibiotic therapy. CoNS accounted for all relapses and none of them had evidence of CIED infection at relapse. Conclusions —Patients with a CIED and bacteremia due to GPC other than S. aureus frequently had evidence of underlying CIED infection on clinical evaluation that included transesophageal echocardiography. This was particularly true among those with CoNS bacteremia. No evidence of underlying CIED infections was identified in the subgroup of patients who did not have manifestations of CIED infection on initial evaluation, but subsequently suffered relapsing bacteremia due to CoNS.