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Elisabet Wirfält - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food patterns defined by cluster analysis and their utility as Dietary exposure variables: a report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
Public Health Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Elisabet Wirfält, Irene Mattisson, Bo Gullberg, Göran BerglundAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of cluster analysis in defining complex Dietary exposures, separately with two types of variables. DESIGN:: A modified Diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book and a 168-item questionnaire, assessed Dietary habits. A standardized questionnaire collected information on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health history. Anthropometric information was obtained through direct measurements. The Dietary information was collapsed into 43 generic food groups, and converted into variables indicating the per cent contribution of specific food groups to total energy intake. Food patterns were identified by the QUICK CLUSTER procedure in SPSS, in two separate analytical steps using unstandardized and standardized (Z-scores) clustering variables. SETTING:: The Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study, a prospective study in the third largest city of Sweden, with baseline examinations from March 1991 to October 1996. SUBJECTS: A random sample of 2206 men and 3151 women from the MDC cohort (n = 28 098). RESULTS: Both variable types produced conceptually well separated clusters, confirmed with discriminant analysis. 'Healthy' and 'less healthy' food patterns were also identified with both types of variables. However, nutrient intake differences across clusters were greater, and the distribution of the number of individuals more even, with the unstandardized variables. Logistic regression indicated higher risks of past food habit change, underreporting of energy and higher body mass index (BMI) for individuals falling into 'healthy' food pattern clusters. CONCLUSIONS: The utility in discriminating Dietary exposures appears greater for unstandardized food group variables. Future studies on Diet and Cancer need to recognize the confounding factors associated with 'healthy' food patterns. (Less)
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plasma enterolactone and risk of prostate Cancer in middle aged swedish men
European Journal of Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Peter Wallström, Matti J. Tikkanen, Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Anders Bjartell, Hakan Olsson, Herman Adlercreutz, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Purpose Enterolactone (ENL) is formed in the human gut after consumption of lignans, has estrogenic properties, and has been associated with risk of prostate Cancer. We examined the association between plasma ENL levels and prostate Cancer in a nested case–control study within the population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort. We also examined the association between plasma ENL and Dietary and lifestyle factors.
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A high Diet quality is associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular events in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Joanna Hlebowicz, Bo Hedblad, Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Peter Wallström, Jan Nilsson, Margaretha Persson, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Aims To investigate if Diet quality is related to incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events. Subjects and Methods A Diet quality index based on the 2005 Swedish Nutrition Recommendations and the Swedish Dietary Guidelines was created and included six Dietary components: saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish and shellfish, Dietary fiber, fruit and vegetables, and sucrose. The index ranked 17126 participants (59% women) of the population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort (Sweden) on their Dietary intakes. Total index score was categorized as low, medium or high. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to model associations between index score categories and index components with risk of incident CV events, with adjustment for potential confounders. The incidence of first CV events (non-fatal or fatal myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke or death from ischemic heart disease) was monitored from baseline (1991–1996) until December 31, 2008; 703 CV events occurred in women and 1093 in men. Results A high Diet quality was associated with decreased risk of CV events when compared to a low Diet quality. In multivariate analysis, the risk reduction was 32% (hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.49–0.73) in men and 27% (hazard ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.91) in women. When examined separately and mutually adjusted for each other, the individual components were either not associated with CV risk or marginally decreased risks were seen. Conclusion High quality Diets in line with current recommendations may reduce the risk of CV events. This study illustrates the importance of considering a combination of Dietary factors when evaluating Diet-disease associations.
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Dietary intakes of carbohydrates in relation to prostate Cancer risk a prospective study in the malmo Diet and Cancer cohort
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Anders Bjartell, Peter Wallström, Goran Ahlgren, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Background: Dietary carbohydrates have been implicated in relation to prostate Cancer. Objective: Our objective was to examine the associations between Dietary intakes of carbohydrates, fiber, and their food sources and risk of prostate Cancer, overall and by case severity, in the Malmo¨ Diet and Cancer cohort. Design: The analysis included 8128 men aged 45‐73 y without a history of Cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes and who were classified as adequate energy reporters. After a median follow-up time of 15 y, prostate Cancer was diagnosed in 817 men. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to model associations between energy-adjusted nutrient and food intakes with risk of incident prostate Cancer, with competing risk of death from non‐prostate Cancer causes taken into account. Results: After adjustment for age and other known or potential risk factors, we observed no associations between total carbohydrates or Dietary fiber and prostate Cancer. We observed positive associations between the intake of low-fiber cereals with overall and low-risk prostate Cancer and between intakes of cake and biscuits and rice and pasta with low-risk prostate Cancer (all P-trend , 0.05). A high intake compared with zero consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of symptomatic prostate Cancer (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.84). Conclusions: Results from this large study with high-validity Dietary data suggest that a high intake of refined carbohydrates may be associated with increased risk of prostate Cancer. However we observed no significant associations with high-risk prostate Cancer, and not all foods that are typically high in refined carbohydrates were associated with prostate Cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:1409‐ 18.
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Food patterns, inflammation markers and incidence of cardiovascular disease: the Malmö Diet and Cancer study.
Journal of Internal Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Joanna Hlebowicz, Bo Hedblad, Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Peter Wallström, Jan Nilsson, Margaretha Persson, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Objectives: To examine the associations between food patterns constructed using cluster analysis and markers of systemic and vascular inflammation, and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) after 13 years of follow-up. Design: Population-based, prospective cohort study. Setting and subjects: Cluster analysis identified six food patterns from 43 food group variables among 4999 subjects, aged 45-68 years, who participated in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cardiovascular programme between 1991 and 1994. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2) ), C-reactive protein concentration and white blood cell (WBC) count were measured using blood samples at baseline. Incidence of CVD (coronary events and ischaemic stroke) was monitored over 13 years of follow-up. Results: The fibre-rich bread pattern was associated with favourable effects on WBC count in women, and the low-fat and high-fibre pattern with favourable effects on Lp-PLA(2) mass in women, and on Lp-PLA(2) activity in men. However, the milk fat and sweets and cakes patterns were both associated with adverse effects; the former on WBC count in women and on Lp-PLA(2) mass in men, and the latter on WBC count and Lp-PLA(2) mass in women. The milk fat and sweets and cakes patterns were associated with increased CVD risk in women. Conclusions: The results of this study support the present Nordic Dietary recommendations indicating that Diets rich in high-fibre, low-fat and low-sugar foods are favourably associated with markers of inflammation and, potentially, with CVD risk.
Göran Berglund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food patterns defined by cluster analysis and their utility as Dietary exposure variables: a report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
Public Health Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Elisabet Wirfält, Irene Mattisson, Bo Gullberg, Göran BerglundAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of cluster analysis in defining complex Dietary exposures, separately with two types of variables. DESIGN:: A modified Diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book and a 168-item questionnaire, assessed Dietary habits. A standardized questionnaire collected information on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health history. Anthropometric information was obtained through direct measurements. The Dietary information was collapsed into 43 generic food groups, and converted into variables indicating the per cent contribution of specific food groups to total energy intake. Food patterns were identified by the QUICK CLUSTER procedure in SPSS, in two separate analytical steps using unstandardized and standardized (Z-scores) clustering variables. SETTING:: The Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study, a prospective study in the third largest city of Sweden, with baseline examinations from March 1991 to October 1996. SUBJECTS: A random sample of 2206 men and 3151 women from the MDC cohort (n = 28 098). RESULTS: Both variable types produced conceptually well separated clusters, confirmed with discriminant analysis. 'Healthy' and 'less healthy' food patterns were also identified with both types of variables. However, nutrient intake differences across clusters were greater, and the distribution of the number of individuals more even, with the unstandardized variables. Logistic regression indicated higher risks of past food habit change, underreporting of energy and higher body mass index (BMI) for individuals falling into 'healthy' food pattern clusters. CONCLUSIONS: The utility in discriminating Dietary exposures appears greater for unstandardized food group variables. Future studies on Diet and Cancer need to recognize the confounding factors associated with 'healthy' food patterns. (Less)
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Intakes of plant foods, fibre and fat and risk of breast Cancer - a prospective study in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.
British Journal of Cancer, 2004Co-Authors: Irene Mattisson, Bo Gullberg, Elisabet Wirfält, Hakan Olsson, U Johansson, Göran BerglundAbstract:Intakes of plant foods, fibre and fat and risk of breast Cancer – a prospective study in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort
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A methodological report from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study: development and evaluation of altered routines in Dietary data processing
Nutrition Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Elisabet Wirfält, Irene Mattisson, Bo Gullberg, Peter Wallström, Ulla Johansson, Göran BerglundAbstract:Background In the Malmo Diet and Cancer study, information on Dietary habits was obtained through a modified Diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book for cooked meals and a Diet questionnaire for foods with low day-to-day variation. Half way through the baseline data collection, a change of interview routines was implemented in order to reduce interview time.
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A methodological report from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study: development and evaluation of altered routines in Dietary data processing
Nutrition Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Elisabet Wirfält, Irene Mattisson, Bo Gullberg, Peter Wallström, Ulla Johansson, Göran BerglundAbstract:Background In the Malmö Diet and Cancer study, information on Dietary habits was obtained through a modified Diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book for cooked meals and a Diet questionnaire for foods with low day-to-day variation. Half way through the baseline data collection, a change of interview routines was implemented in order to reduce interview time. Methods Changes concentrated on portion-size estimation and recipe coding of mixed dishes reported in the menu book. All method development and tests were carefully monitored, based on experiential knowledge, and supplemented with empirical data. A post hoc evaluation study using "real world" data compared observed means of selected Dietary variables before and after the alteration of routines handling Dietary data, controlling for potential confounders. Results These tests suggested that simplified coding rules and standard portion-sizes could be used on a limited number of foods, without distortions of the group mean nutrient intakes, or the participants' ranking. The post hoc evaluation suggested that mean intakes of energy-adjusted fat were higher after the change in routines. The impact appeared greater in women than in men. Conclusions Future descriptive studies should consider selecting subsets assessed with either method version to avoid distortion of observed mean intakes. The impact in analytical studies may be small, because method version and Diet assistant explained less than 1 percent of total variation. The distribution of cases and non-cases across method versions should be monitored.
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A prospective study of adiposity and postmenopausal breast Cancer risk: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.
International Journal of Cancer, 2002Co-Authors: Petra H Lahmann, Hakan Olsson, Bo Gullberg, Lauren Lissner, Göran BerglundAbstract:High BMI is a well-known risk factor for postmenopausal breast Cancer. There have been some reports of excess risk in association with weight gain and WHR, but little is known about the influence of body fatness per se. Using data from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study, a prospective cohort study, 12,159 postmenopausal women (59.9 +/- 7.7 years) were categorized by quintiles of baseline anthropometric and impedance measures and reported weight change since age 20. RRs from multivariate Cox regression models were calculated. All analyses were adjusted for age, height, smoking, alcohol consumption, occupation, marital status, parity, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche and current hormone use. During the 5.7 years of follow-up, there were 246 incident breast Cancer cases. Weight, height, BMI and %BF were positively associated with risk of breast Cancer (P-trend less than or equal to 0.02). %BF showed the strongest association, with an RR of 2.01 (95% CI 1.26-3.21) in the highest vs. lowest quintile. There was significant modification of this association by hormone use, suggesting a greater impact of body fatness among non-users. Fat distribution was not independently associated with breast Cancer risk. Women with weight gain >21 kg (top quintile) had an RR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.11-2.77) compared to women with low weight gain. Breast Cancer risk in postmenopausal women is predicted by increased body fat and weight gain. %BF is a more discriminating risk factor for breast Cancer incidence than the commonly used BMI. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bo Gullberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food patterns defined by cluster analysis and their utility as Dietary exposure variables: a report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
Public Health Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Elisabet Wirfält, Irene Mattisson, Bo Gullberg, Göran BerglundAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of cluster analysis in defining complex Dietary exposures, separately with two types of variables. DESIGN:: A modified Diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book and a 168-item questionnaire, assessed Dietary habits. A standardized questionnaire collected information on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health history. Anthropometric information was obtained through direct measurements. The Dietary information was collapsed into 43 generic food groups, and converted into variables indicating the per cent contribution of specific food groups to total energy intake. Food patterns were identified by the QUICK CLUSTER procedure in SPSS, in two separate analytical steps using unstandardized and standardized (Z-scores) clustering variables. SETTING:: The Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study, a prospective study in the third largest city of Sweden, with baseline examinations from March 1991 to October 1996. SUBJECTS: A random sample of 2206 men and 3151 women from the MDC cohort (n = 28 098). RESULTS: Both variable types produced conceptually well separated clusters, confirmed with discriminant analysis. 'Healthy' and 'less healthy' food patterns were also identified with both types of variables. However, nutrient intake differences across clusters were greater, and the distribution of the number of individuals more even, with the unstandardized variables. Logistic regression indicated higher risks of past food habit change, underreporting of energy and higher body mass index (BMI) for individuals falling into 'healthy' food pattern clusters. CONCLUSIONS: The utility in discriminating Dietary exposures appears greater for unstandardized food group variables. Future studies on Diet and Cancer need to recognize the confounding factors associated with 'healthy' food patterns. (Less)
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plasma enterolactone and risk of prostate Cancer in middle aged swedish men
European Journal of Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Peter Wallström, Matti J. Tikkanen, Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Anders Bjartell, Hakan Olsson, Herman Adlercreutz, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Purpose Enterolactone (ENL) is formed in the human gut after consumption of lignans, has estrogenic properties, and has been associated with risk of prostate Cancer. We examined the association between plasma ENL levels and prostate Cancer in a nested case–control study within the population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort. We also examined the association between plasma ENL and Dietary and lifestyle factors.
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Plasma variation and reproducibility of oxidized LDL-cholesterol and low-grade inflammation biomarkers among participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.
Biomarkers, 2016Co-Authors: Joana Alves Dias, Bo Gullberg, Ulrika Ericson, Sophie Hellstrand, Jan Nilsson, Margaretha Persson, Gunnar Engström, Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson, Bo HedbladAbstract:AbstractContext: Large epidemiological studies often collect non-fasting samples, although the reliability of biomarkers may be uncertain.Objective: To explore the reliability and reproducibility of a single measurement of selected biomarkers in a sub-sample of the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort.Methods: We estimated single- and average-measures intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for oxidized (ox)-LDL, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α.Results: Single-measures ICC in non-fasting samples of ox-LDL, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were the following: 0.85, 0.71, 0.61, 0.78 and 0.66 for men, and 0.67, 0.81, 0.87, 0.69 and 0.81 for women. Biomarkers at non-fasting and fasting samples were highly correlated (all r > 0.80).Conclusions: The observed ICC suggest that most of the examined biomarkers (non-fasting blood) would allow meaningful analysis in epidemiological studies.
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A high Diet quality is associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular events in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Joanna Hlebowicz, Bo Hedblad, Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Peter Wallström, Jan Nilsson, Margaretha Persson, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Aims To investigate if Diet quality is related to incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events. Subjects and Methods A Diet quality index based on the 2005 Swedish Nutrition Recommendations and the Swedish Dietary Guidelines was created and included six Dietary components: saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish and shellfish, Dietary fiber, fruit and vegetables, and sucrose. The index ranked 17126 participants (59% women) of the population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort (Sweden) on their Dietary intakes. Total index score was categorized as low, medium or high. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to model associations between index score categories and index components with risk of incident CV events, with adjustment for potential confounders. The incidence of first CV events (non-fatal or fatal myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke or death from ischemic heart disease) was monitored from baseline (1991–1996) until December 31, 2008; 703 CV events occurred in women and 1093 in men. Results A high Diet quality was associated with decreased risk of CV events when compared to a low Diet quality. In multivariate analysis, the risk reduction was 32% (hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.49–0.73) in men and 27% (hazard ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.91) in women. When examined separately and mutually adjusted for each other, the individual components were either not associated with CV risk or marginally decreased risks were seen. Conclusion High quality Diets in line with current recommendations may reduce the risk of CV events. This study illustrates the importance of considering a combination of Dietary factors when evaluating Diet-disease associations.
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Dietary intakes of carbohydrates in relation to prostate Cancer risk a prospective study in the malmo Diet and Cancer cohort
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Anders Bjartell, Peter Wallström, Goran Ahlgren, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Background: Dietary carbohydrates have been implicated in relation to prostate Cancer. Objective: Our objective was to examine the associations between Dietary intakes of carbohydrates, fiber, and their food sources and risk of prostate Cancer, overall and by case severity, in the Malmo¨ Diet and Cancer cohort. Design: The analysis included 8128 men aged 45‐73 y without a history of Cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes and who were classified as adequate energy reporters. After a median follow-up time of 15 y, prostate Cancer was diagnosed in 817 men. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to model associations between energy-adjusted nutrient and food intakes with risk of incident prostate Cancer, with competing risk of death from non‐prostate Cancer causes taken into account. Results: After adjustment for age and other known or potential risk factors, we observed no associations between total carbohydrates or Dietary fiber and prostate Cancer. We observed positive associations between the intake of low-fiber cereals with overall and low-risk prostate Cancer and between intakes of cake and biscuits and rice and pasta with low-risk prostate Cancer (all P-trend , 0.05). A high intake compared with zero consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of symptomatic prostate Cancer (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.84). Conclusions: Results from this large study with high-validity Dietary data suggest that a high intake of refined carbohydrates may be associated with increased risk of prostate Cancer. However we observed no significant associations with high-risk prostate Cancer, and not all foods that are typically high in refined carbohydrates were associated with prostate Cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:1409‐ 18.
Elio Riboli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diet and Cancer Prevention: Where We Are, Where We Are Going
Nutrition and Cancer, 2020Co-Authors: Carlos A Gonzalez, Elio RiboliAbstract:Abstract: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) was specifically designed to investigate the relationship between Diet and Cancer, with the aims of making a significant contribution to the accumulated scientific knowledge, trying to overcoming limitations of previous study. We present the most relevant results obtained so far for the most frequent Cancer sites. EPIC is a multicenter prospective study carried out in 23 centers from 10 European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, including 519,978 subjects (366,521 women and 153,457 men), most aged 35–70 years. Consumption of fruit is negatively associated with Cancer of the lung but probably not with prostate Cancer and breast Cancer. Consumption of vegetables, mainly onion and garlic, probably reduces the risk of the intestinal stomach Cancer but probably is not associated with Cancer of the lung, prostate, and breast Cancer. Consumption of re...
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Diet and Cancer prevention contributions from the european prospective investigation into Cancer and nutrition epic study
European Journal of Cancer, 2010Co-Authors: Carlos A Gonzalez, Elio RiboliAbstract:Abstract We present the main findings observed to date from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) on Dietary factors associated with the most frequent Cancer sites. Methods EPIC is a multicentre prospective study carried out in 23 centres in 10 European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, including 519,978 participants (366,521 women and 153,457 men), most aged 35–70 years. Results We observed the following significant associations: gastric Cancer risk was inversely associated with high plasma vitamin C, some carotenoids, retinol and α-tocopherol, high intake of cereal fibre and high adhesion to Mediterranean Diet, while red and processed meat were associated with increased risk. High intake of Dietary fibre, fish, calcium, and plasma vitamin D were associated with a decreased risk of colorectal Cancer, while red and processed meat intake, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity were associated with an increased risk. High intake of fruit and vegetables in current smokers were associated with a decreased risk of lung Cancer. An increased risk of breast Cancer was associated with high saturated fat intake and alcohol intake. In postmenopausal women, BMI was positively and physical activity negatively associated with breast Cancer risk. High intake of dairy protein and calcium from dairy products and high serum concentration of IGF-I were associated with an increased risk of prostate Cancer. These results contribute to scientific evidence for appropriate public health strategies and prevention activities aimed at reducing the global Cancer burden.
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Diet and Cancer prevention: Contributions from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
European Journal of Cancer, 2010Co-Authors: Carlos A Gonzalez, Françoise Clavel-chapelon, Elio Riboli, Domenico Palli, Antonia Trichopoulou, Kim Overvad, Rudolf Kaaks, Anne Tjønneland, Heiner Boeing, Vittorio KroghAbstract:We present the main findings observed to date from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) on Dietary factors associated with the most frequent Cancer sites. Methods: EPIC is a multicentre prospective study carried out in 23 centres in 10 European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, including 519,978 participants (366,521 women and 153,457 men), most aged 35-70 years. Results: We observed the following significant associations: gastric Cancer risk was inversely associated with high plasma vitamin C, some carotenoids, retinol and α-tocopherol, high intake of cereal fibre and high adhesion to Mediterranean Diet, while red and processed meat were associated with increased risk. High intake of Dietary fibre, fish, calcium, and plasma vitamin D were associated with a decreased risk of colorectal Cancer, while red and processed meat intake, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity were associated with an increased risk. High intake of fruit and vegetables in current smokers were associated with a decreased risk of lung Cancer. An increased risk of breast Cancer was associated with high saturated fat intake and alcohol intake. In postmenopausal women, BMI was positively and physical activity negatively associated with breast Cancer risk. High intake of dairy protein and calcium from dairy products and high serum concentration of IGF-I were associated with an increased risk of prostate Cancer. These results contribute to scientific evidence for appropriate public health strategies and prevention activities aimed at reducing the global Cancer burden. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Diet and Cancer the european prospective investigation into Cancer and nutrition
Nature Reviews Cancer, 2004Co-Authors: Sheila Bingham, Elio RiboliAbstract:Diet is thought to be one of the most important contributing factors to Cancer risk. The contribution of Diet to Cancer is linked to genetic factors, and uncovering the details of this linkage requires that very large studies be carried out over long time periods, with a detailed analysis of food intake. For this reason, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition — a study of over 500,000 people in 10 European countries — was devised, to investigate the relationship between Diet, metabolic and genetic factors, and Cancer. How will this study be run, and will it be able to avoid some of the problems of measurement error that were previously encountered with other Dietary studies?
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Diet and Cancer — the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Nature Reviews Cancer, 2004Co-Authors: Sheila Bingham, Elio RiboliAbstract:Diet is thought to be one of the most important contributing factors to Cancer risk. The contribution of Diet to Cancer is linked to genetic factors, and uncovering the details of this linkage requires that very large studies be carried out over long time periods, with a detailed analysis of food intake. For this reason, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition — a study of over 500,000 people in 10 European countries — was devised, to investigate the relationship between Diet, metabolic and genetic factors, and Cancer. How will this study be run, and will it be able to avoid some of the problems of measurement error that were previously encountered with other Dietary studies?
Peter Wallström - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plasma enterolactone and risk of prostate Cancer in middle aged swedish men
European Journal of Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Peter Wallström, Matti J. Tikkanen, Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Anders Bjartell, Hakan Olsson, Herman Adlercreutz, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Purpose Enterolactone (ENL) is formed in the human gut after consumption of lignans, has estrogenic properties, and has been associated with risk of prostate Cancer. We examined the association between plasma ENL levels and prostate Cancer in a nested case–control study within the population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort. We also examined the association between plasma ENL and Dietary and lifestyle factors.
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A high Diet quality is associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular events in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Joanna Hlebowicz, Bo Hedblad, Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Peter Wallström, Jan Nilsson, Margaretha Persson, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Aims To investigate if Diet quality is related to incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events. Subjects and Methods A Diet quality index based on the 2005 Swedish Nutrition Recommendations and the Swedish Dietary Guidelines was created and included six Dietary components: saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish and shellfish, Dietary fiber, fruit and vegetables, and sucrose. The index ranked 17126 participants (59% women) of the population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort (Sweden) on their Dietary intakes. Total index score was categorized as low, medium or high. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to model associations between index score categories and index components with risk of incident CV events, with adjustment for potential confounders. The incidence of first CV events (non-fatal or fatal myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke or death from ischemic heart disease) was monitored from baseline (1991–1996) until December 31, 2008; 703 CV events occurred in women and 1093 in men. Results A high Diet quality was associated with decreased risk of CV events when compared to a low Diet quality. In multivariate analysis, the risk reduction was 32% (hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.49–0.73) in men and 27% (hazard ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.91) in women. When examined separately and mutually adjusted for each other, the individual components were either not associated with CV risk or marginally decreased risks were seen. Conclusion High quality Diets in line with current recommendations may reduce the risk of CV events. This study illustrates the importance of considering a combination of Dietary factors when evaluating Diet-disease associations.
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Dietary intakes of carbohydrates in relation to prostate Cancer risk a prospective study in the malmo Diet and Cancer cohort
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Anders Bjartell, Peter Wallström, Goran Ahlgren, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Background: Dietary carbohydrates have been implicated in relation to prostate Cancer. Objective: Our objective was to examine the associations between Dietary intakes of carbohydrates, fiber, and their food sources and risk of prostate Cancer, overall and by case severity, in the Malmo¨ Diet and Cancer cohort. Design: The analysis included 8128 men aged 45‐73 y without a history of Cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes and who were classified as adequate energy reporters. After a median follow-up time of 15 y, prostate Cancer was diagnosed in 817 men. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to model associations between energy-adjusted nutrient and food intakes with risk of incident prostate Cancer, with competing risk of death from non‐prostate Cancer causes taken into account. Results: After adjustment for age and other known or potential risk factors, we observed no associations between total carbohydrates or Dietary fiber and prostate Cancer. We observed positive associations between the intake of low-fiber cereals with overall and low-risk prostate Cancer and between intakes of cake and biscuits and rice and pasta with low-risk prostate Cancer (all P-trend , 0.05). A high intake compared with zero consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of symptomatic prostate Cancer (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.84). Conclusions: Results from this large study with high-validity Dietary data suggest that a high intake of refined carbohydrates may be associated with increased risk of prostate Cancer. However we observed no significant associations with high-risk prostate Cancer, and not all foods that are typically high in refined carbohydrates were associated with prostate Cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:1409‐ 18.
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Food patterns, inflammation markers and incidence of cardiovascular disease: the Malmö Diet and Cancer study.
Journal of Internal Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Joanna Hlebowicz, Bo Hedblad, Isabel Drake, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Peter Wallström, Jan Nilsson, Margaretha Persson, Elisabet WirfältAbstract:Objectives: To examine the associations between food patterns constructed using cluster analysis and markers of systemic and vascular inflammation, and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) after 13 years of follow-up. Design: Population-based, prospective cohort study. Setting and subjects: Cluster analysis identified six food patterns from 43 food group variables among 4999 subjects, aged 45-68 years, who participated in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cardiovascular programme between 1991 and 1994. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2) ), C-reactive protein concentration and white blood cell (WBC) count were measured using blood samples at baseline. Incidence of CVD (coronary events and ischaemic stroke) was monitored over 13 years of follow-up. Results: The fibre-rich bread pattern was associated with favourable effects on WBC count in women, and the low-fat and high-fibre pattern with favourable effects on Lp-PLA(2) mass in women, and on Lp-PLA(2) activity in men. However, the milk fat and sweets and cakes patterns were both associated with adverse effects; the former on WBC count in women and on Lp-PLA(2) mass in men, and the latter on WBC count and Lp-PLA(2) mass in women. The milk fat and sweets and cakes patterns were associated with increased CVD risk in women. Conclusions: The results of this study support the present Nordic Dietary recommendations indicating that Diets rich in high-fibre, low-fat and low-sugar foods are favourably associated with markers of inflammation and, potentially, with CVD risk.
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Dairy products and its association with incidence of cardiovascular disease: The Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Emily Sonestedt, Marju Orho-melander, Bo Gullberg, Elisabet Wirfält, Peter Wallström, Bo HedbladAbstract:It is unclear whether specific dairy products are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this project was therefore to examine the association between intake of milk, cheese, cream and butter, and incidence of CVD in the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Milk was separated into fermented (yoghurt and cultured sour milk) versus non-fermented milk, and low-fat versus high-fat milk. Among 26,445 individuals without a history of myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes (44-74 years; 62% females), 2,520 CVD cases (coronary and stroke events) were identified during a mean follow-up time of 12 years. Dietary data was collected using a modified Diet history method. Overall consumption of dairy products was inversely associated with risk of CVD (P (trend) = 0.05). Among the specific dairy products, a statistically significant inverse relationship was observed only for fermented milk. The highest versus lowest intake category of fermented milk was associated with 15% (95% CI: 5-24%; P (trend) = 0.003) decreased incidence of CVD. We observed a statistically significant interaction between sex and cheese intake (P = 0.046). Cheese intake was significantly associated with decreased CVD risk in women (P (trend) = 0.03), but not in men (P (trend) = 0.98). The main finding was that a high intake of fermented milk may reduce the risk of CVD. This study suggests that it is important to examine dairy products separately when investigating their health effects.