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Chuanpeng Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative study on the effect of high Dietary Carbohydrate on the growth performance body composition serum physiological responses and hepatic antioxidant abilities in wuchang bream megalobrama amblycephala and black carp mylopharyngodon piceus ri
Aquaculture Research, 2017Co-Authors: Chuanpeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Jun Xie, Ruli Chen, Linghong Miao, Mingchun RenAbstract:A 90-day trial investigated the effect of Dietary Carbohydrate level on growth performance, body composition, serum physiological responses and hepatic antioxidant abilities of a herbivorous fish, Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and a carnivorous fish, black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus Richardson, 1846). For each species, two isonitrogenous and isolipidic semi-purified diets (28.6% crude protein and 5.3% crude lipid for Wuchang bream) were formulated to contain 30.4% and 52.9% Carbohydrate (WB-NCHO and WB-HCHO); Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic semi-purified diets (32.6% crude protein and 5.3% crude lipid for black carp) were formulated to contain 20.5% and 40.5% Carbohydrate (BC-NCHO and BC-HCHO). It was shown that, compared to Group WB-NCHO, Wuchang bream in Group WB-HCHO had lower weight gain rate, specific growth rate, serum total protein, hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidative capacity, while higher feed conversion ratio, serum triglyceride and cortisol levels (P < 0.05). Compared to Group BC-NCHO, black carp in Group BC-HCHO had lower final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, serum alkaline alkaline phosphatase activity, serum total protein, hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidative capacity, while higher feed conversion ratio, whole body crude lipid, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity and cortisol levels (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggested that Wuchang bream had better capacity of utilizing Dietary Carbohydrate than that of black carp, while high levels of Dietary Carbohydrate might not only be detrimental to growth performance and feed utilization but also the immune response and health for both species.
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effect of Dietary Carbohydrate levels on growth performance body composition intestinal and hepatic enzyme activities and growth hormone gene expression of juvenile golden pompano trachinotus ovatus
Aquaculture, 2015Co-Authors: Chuanpeng Zhou, Jin Niu, Heizhao Lin, Zhong Huang, Xiaohong TanAbstract:Abstract A growth trial was conducted to determine the optimum Dietary Carbohydrate level of juvenile golden pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus ). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets (43% crude protein and 16.8 MJ kg − 1 diet) using corn starch as the Carbohydrate source were formulated to contain six Carbohydrate levels. Each diet was tested in triplicate for 8 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index, and viserosomatic index increased significantly as Dietary starch levels increased from 0% to 16.8% ( P P P > 0.05) among all treatments. Carcass lipid content decreased but carcass protein content increased significantly as Dietary Carbohydrate levels increased ( P P > 0.05) among all treatments. Glycogen content in muscle and liver increased significantly as Dietary Carbohydrate levels increased ( P P + , K + -ATPase activities all increased with Dietary Carbohydrate levels up to 11.2% ( P P > 0.05). Hepatic hexokinase activity increased and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity decreased significantly as Dietary Carbohydrate levels increased ( P P > 0.05). Expression of hepatic growth hormone (GH) gene was positively related to growth performance. In conclusion, results suggested that the optimum Carbohydrate level for juvenile golden pompano could be 11.2–16.8% of the diet.
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effect of high Dietary Carbohydrate on the growth performance blood chemistry hepatic enzyme activities and growth hormone gene expression of wuchang bream megalobrama amblycephala at two temperatures
Asian-australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Chuanpeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Jun Xie, Ruli Chen, Mingchun RenAbstract:The effects of high Carbohydrate diet on growth, serum physiological response, and hepatic heat shock protein 70 expression in Wuchang bream were determined at 25°C and 30°C. At each temperature, the fish fed the control diet (31% CHO) had significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activities, lower feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole crude lipid, serum glucose, hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity than those fed the high-Carbohydrate diet (47% CHO) (p<0.05). The fish reared at 25°C had significantly higher whole body crude protein and ash, serum cholesterol and triglyceride, hepatic G-6-Pase activity, lower glycogen content and relative levels of hepatic growth hormone (GH) gene expression than those reared at 30°C (p<0.05). Significant interaction between temperature and diet was found for HSI, condition factor, hepatic GK activity and the relative levels of hepatic GH gene expression (p<0.05). (Key Words: Megalobrama amblycephala, Dietary Carbohydrate, Temperature, Growth, Serum Parameters, Hepatic Enzymes Activities)
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effect of Dietary Carbohydrate on non specific immune response hepatic antioxidative abilities and disease resistance of juvenile golden pompano trachinotus ovatus
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2014Co-Authors: Chuanpeng Zhou, Heizhao Lin, Jin NiuAbstract:Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Dietary Carbohydrate (CHO) levels on non-specific immune responses, hepatic antioxidative status and disease resistance of juvenile golden pompano. Fish were fed six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing various CHO levels for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged by Vibrio harveyi and survival rate was recorded for the next 12 days. Plasma total protein and albumin content, respiratory burst activity, alkaline phosphatase, slightly increased with Dietary starch level from 0% to 16.8%, but significantly decreased at Dietary starch levels of 16.8%–28%. Plasma lysozyme, complement 3 and complement 4 levels increased with increasing Dietary Carbohydrate up to 11.2% and then declined ( P P P > 0.05) with those of the other treatments. After challenge, fish fed 11.2% and 16.8% Dietary CHO showed higher survival rate than that of fish in 0% CHO group ( P P > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that ingestion of 11.2–16.8% Dietary CHO can enhance the non-specific immune responses, increase the hepatic antioxidant abilities, and improve resistance to V. harveyi infection of juvenile golden pompano.
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effect of Dietary Carbohydrate on the growth performance immune response hepatic antioxidant abilities and heat shock protein 70 expression of wuchang bream megalobrama amblycephala
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2013Co-Authors: Chuanpeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Jun XieAbstract:Summary To investigate the effects of different Carbohydrate (CHO) levels in the diet of Wuchang bream Megalobrama amblycephala, the fish were randomly divided into six treatment groups. Five groups were fed 19, 25, 31, 38 and 47% CHO, respectively, for 8 weeks, and a control group was fed a diet with no CHO. Growth performance and feed utilization were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the Dietary Carbohydrate level. Maximum weight gain and specific growth rate occurred at the 31% Dietary Carbohydrate level. Compared to the control, the 31% CHO group had a significantly increased serum total protein content, respiratory burst activity of leucocytes, serum complement 3 (C3) levels, serum lysozyme activity, serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and hepatic total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), as well as a decrease in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity. Compared to the control, the 47% CHO group had significantly increased serum GOT activity, and a tendency toward an increase in serum cortisol content and a decrease in serum lysozyme activity, hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and T-AOC. The relative level of hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA in fish fed the 38% CHO diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed the 19, 25 and 31% CHO diets, respectively (P < 0.05). After challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, fish fed the 47% CHO had the significantly lowest post-challenge survival, and fish fed the 31% CHO had the significantly highest post-challenge survival (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that ingestion of excessive Dietary CHO can impact the non-specific immune responses, decrease the hepatic antioxidant abilities, and thus affect the health status of M. amblycephala.
Walter C Willett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dietary Carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis
The Lancet Public Health, 2018Co-Authors: Sara B Seidelmann, Mir Henglin, Amil Shah, Lyn M Steffen, Susan Cheng, Brian Claggett, Walter C Willett, Aaron R. Folsom, Scott D SolomonAbstract:Background: Low Carbohydrate diets, which restrict Carbohydrate in favour of increased protein or fat intake, or both, are a popular weight-loss strategy. However, the long-term effect of Carbohydrate restriction on mortality is controversial and could depend on whether Dietary Carbohydrate is replaced by plant-based or animal-based fat and protein. We aimed to investigate the association between Carbohydrate intake and mortality. Methods: We studied 15 428 adults aged 45–64 years, in four US communities, who completed a Dietary questionnaire at enrolment in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (between 1987 and 1989), and who did not report extreme caloric intake (4200 kcal per day for men and 3600 kcal per day for women). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. We investigated the association between the percentage of energy from Carbohydrate intake and all-cause mortality, accounting for possible non-linear relationships in this cohort. We further examined this association, combining ARIC data with data for Carbohydrate intake reported from seven multinational prospective studies in a meta-analysis. Finally, we assessed whether the substitution of animal or plant sources of fat and protein for Carbohydrate affected mortality. Findings: During a median follow-up of 25 years there were 6283 deaths in the ARIC cohort, and there were 40 181 deaths across all cohort studies. In the ARIC cohort, after multivariable adjustment, there was a U-shaped association between the percentage of energy consumed from Carbohydrate (mean 48·9%, SD 9·4) and mortality: a percentage of 50–55% energy from Carbohydrate was associated with the lowest risk of mortality. In the meta-analysis of all cohorts (432 179 participants), both low Carbohydrate consumption (70%) conferred greater mortality risk than did moderate intake, which was consistent with a U-shaped association (pooled hazard ratio 1·20, 95% CI 1·09–1·32 for low Carbohydrate consumption; 1·23, 1·11–1·36 for high Carbohydrate consumption). However, results varied by the source of macronutrients: mortality increased when Carbohydrates were exchanged for animal-derived fat or protein (1·18, 1·08–1·29) and mortality decreased when the substitutions were plant-based (0·82, 0·78–0·87). Interpretation: Both high and low percentages of Carbohydrate diets were associated with increased mortality, with minimal risk observed at 50–55% Carbohydrate intake. Low Carbohydrate Dietary patterns favouring animal-derived protein and fat sources, from sources such as lamb, beef, pork, and chicken, were associated with higher mortality, whereas those that favoured plant-derived protein and fat intake, from sources such as vegetables, nuts, peanut butter, and whole-grain breads, were associated with lower mortality, suggesting that the source of food notably modifies the association between Carbohydrate intake and mortality. Funding: National Institutes of Health.
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abstract p317 Dietary Carbohydrate quantity and quality measures and risk of stroke
Circulation, 2016Co-Authors: Sally N Adebamowo, Donna Spiegelman, Hala B Alessa, Kathryn M Rexrode, Walter C WillettAbstract:Background: Dietary Carbohydrates with high glycemic index and low in cereal fiber have been associated with increased risk of diabetes, a risk factor for stroke. Few prospective studies have examined the relation between measures of Carbohydrate quality and risk of incident stroke. The relation between Carbohydrate to fiber ratio and stroke risk remains unknown. Methods: We prospectively examined the associations of Dietary Carbohydrate quantity and quality measures (total Carbohydrate, fiber [total, cereal, fruit and vegetable], glycemic index and load, and Carbohydrate/fiber ratio) and risk of incident stroke among 40,689 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, aged 40 to 75 years and free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline in 1986. Diet was collected using a validated questionnaire every 4 years. We calculated the hazard ratio of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic strokes by quintiles of energy-adjusted intake of Dietary variables using multivariate Cox proportional haza...
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Adolescent and early adulthood Dietary Carbohydrate quantity and quality in relation to breast cancer risk
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2015Co-Authors: Maryam S. Farvid, A. Heather Eliassen, Wendy Y Chen, Walter C WillettAbstract:Background: We investigated quantity and quality of Dietary Carbohydrate as well as insulin load and insulin index during adolescence and also early adulthood in relation to risk of breast cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Methods: During 20 years of follow-up of 90,534 premenopausal women who completed a diet questionnaire in 1991, 2,833 invasive breast cancer cases were documented. In 1998, 44,263 of these women also completed a questionnaire about their diet during high school; among these women, we documented 1,118 cases of breast cancer. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for breast cancer across categories of Dietary Carbohydrate, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), as well as insulin load and insulin index scores. Results: Adolescent or early adult intakes of GI or GL were not associated with risk of breast cancer. Comparing women in the highest versus lowest quintile, the multivariable-adjusted RRs were 1.14 (0.95–1.38) for adolescent GI scores and 1.03 (0.91–1.16) for early adulthood GI scores. We also did not observe associations with insulin index and insulin load scores in adolescence or early adulthood and breast cancer risk. Conclusions: We found that diets high in GI, GL, insulin index, and insulin load during adolescence or early adulthood were not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in this cohort study. Impact: Diets with a high glucose or insulin response in adolescence or early adulthood were not significant predictors of breast cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(7); 1–10. ©2015 AACR.
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pattern of Dietary Carbohydrate intake among urbanized adult nigerians
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Sally N Akaroloanthony, Walter C Willett, Donna Spiegelman, Folake O Odubore, Susan Yilme, Omolola Aragbada, George Odonye, Clement AdebamowoAbstract:As the nutrition transition continues in Africa, it is crucial to identify population-specific Dietary patterns. Healthy diets may then be promoted for prevention and alleviation of the chronic disease burden associated with nutrition. Using a semi-quantitate food frequency questionnaire, we conducted a cross-sectional study and computed the proportions of foods commonly consumed, and collected data on anthropometric characteristics. The median total energy intake per day from these Carbohydrate sources was 1034 kcal (interquartile range (IOR) 621.5–1738.6 kcal). The main Carbohydrate food eaten was rice (48.6%) followed by fufu (30.5%) and bread (13.1%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 63%, and 73% of the women in the study were either overweight or obese compared to 56% of men. Our study showed that parboiled long grain white rice is now the most commonly consumed Carbohydrate by urbanized Nigerians. Other traditional Carbohydrate foods are still consumed frequently and remain quite popular.
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premenopausal Dietary Carbohydrate glycemic index glycemic load and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2003Co-Authors: Eunyoung Cho, Wendy Y Chen, Graham A Colditz, Donna Spiegelman, David J Hunter, Walter C WillettAbstract:Carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load have been hypothesized to increase risk of breast cancer by raising insulin levels, but these associations have not been studied extensively. The insulin response to Dietary Carbohydrate is substantially greater among overweight women than among leaner women. Although fiber intake has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer, data from early adult life are lacking. We examined Dietary Carbohydrate, glycemic index, glycemic load, and fiber in relation to breast cancer risk among 90655 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II aged 26-46 years in 1991. Diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire in 1991 and 1995. During 8 years of follow-up, we documented 714 incident cases of invasive breast cancer. Dietary Carbohydrate intake, glycemic load, and glycemic index were not related to breast cancer risk in the overall cohort. However, the associations differed by body mass index (BMI): among women with BMI or=25 kg/m(2), the corresponding relative risks were 1.00 (referent), 1.30, 1.35, 1.50, and 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-2.59; P, test for trend = 0.14; P, test for interaction = 0.02). Similar interaction with BMI was observed for glycemic load, but not for glycemic index. Intakes of total fiber and different types of fiber were not appreciably related to breast cancer risk. Our findings suggest that the associations between Carbohydrate intake or glycemic load and breast cancer risk among young adult women differ by body weight. Our data do not support a strong association between fiber intake and breast cancer risk.
Wen-bin Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interactions between Dietary Carbohydrate and metformin implications on energy sensing insulin signaling pathway glycolipid metabolism and glucose tolerance in blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala
Aquaculture, 2018Co-Authors: Wen-bin Liu, Dingdong Zhang, Xiufei Cao, Huajuan ShiAbstract:Abstract A 12-week feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of metformin on growth performance, energy sensing, insulin signaling pathway, glycolipid metabolism and glucose tolerance of blunt snout bream fed high-Carbohydrate diets. Fish were randomly fed four diets containing two Dietary Carbohydrate levels (30 and 43%) and two metformin levels (0 and 0.25%). High Carbohydrate levels remarkably increased tissue glycogen and lipid contents, hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) contents and the ATP/AMP ratio, plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, glycated serum protein (GSP), advanced glycation end products (AGES) and lactic acid, hepatic t-AMPK protein levels and the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, target of rapamycin (TOR), insulin receptor (IR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase-polypeptide 1 (S6K1), glucokinase (GK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT 2), glycogen synthase (GS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), whereas the opposite was true for weight gain, relative feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), pyruvate levels, p-AMPK level, p-AMPK/t-AMPK ratio and the transcriptions of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose-1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT IA), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO). In addition, metformin supplementation remarkably increased tissue glycogen contents, plasma lactic acid level, hepatic AMP content, t-AMPK and p-AMPK level, p-AMPK/t-AMPK ratio and the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, IR, IRS1, GK, PK, GLUT 2, GS, CPT IA, PPARα and ACO, while the opposite was true for the remaining indicators. Significant interactions between Dietary Carbohydrate and metformin were also observed in RFI, FCR, tissue glycogen and lipid contents, hepatic ATP/AMP ratio, plasma metabolites, the phosphorylation of AMPK and the transcriptions of TOR, IRS1, S6K1, PK, G6Pase, GLUT 2, GS, ACCα, FAS, SREBP1, CPT IA, PPARα and ACO. Furthermore, metformin improved the glucose tolerance of fish fed high-Carbohydrate diets after glucose loading. Overall, our findings indicated that metformin should be benefits the intermediary metabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala fed high-Carbohydrate diets through the enhancement of energy sensing, insulin sensitivity, glycolysis, glycogenesis and fatty acid oxidation coupled with the suppression of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis.
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Dietary Carbohydrate levels and lipid sources modulate the growth performance fatty acid profiles and intermediary metabolism of blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala in an interactive pattern
Aquaculture, 2017Co-Authors: Bingke Wang, Wen-bin Liu, Xiufei Cao, Xiaoqun Zhong, Huajuan ShiAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of Dietary Carbohydrate levels and lipid sources on growth performance, tissue fatty acid (FA) profiles and intermediary metabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala . Fish (average weight: 37.98 ± 0.07 g) were randomly fed one of eight diets containing two Carbohydrate levels (30% and 43%) and four lipid sources (fish oil, FO; soybean oil, SO; palm oil, PaO; and mixed oil (FO: SO: PaO = 1:1:1), MO) for 11 weeks. Little difference ( P > 0.05) was observed in growth performance and whole-body composition (except for lipid). However, energy retention, body lipid content, tissue lipid and glycogen contents and plasma metabolites concentrations all increased significantly ( P P P P P P P P P
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molecular characterization of amp activated protein kinase α2 from herbivorous fish megalobrama amblycephala and responsiveness to glucose loading and Dietary Carbohydrate levels
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2017Co-Authors: Wen-bin Liu, Dingdong Zhang, Kaizhou Wang, Silei XiaAbstract:This study aimed to characterize the full-length cDNA of AMPKα2 in Megalobrama amblycephala, and evaluate its potential role in glucose homeostasis and Carbohydrate metabolism. The cDNA obtained covered 1942bp with an open reading frame of 1635bp encoding 545 amino acids. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high homology (91-100%) among most fish and higher vertebrates. This AMPKα2 mRNA predominantly expressed in muscle, liver and brain, while little in gill and intestine. Then, the AMPKα2 expressions were determined in the muscle, liver and brain of fish subjected to a glucose load (injected intraperitoneally with 0, 1.67 and 3.34g glucose per kg body weight) and after a 12-week feeding trial (fed two Dietary Carbohydrate levels: 30% and 43%), respectively. After the glucose load, plasma glycemia peaked at 1h in fish. Thereafter, it decreased significantly to the basal level at 8h. However, AMPKα2 expression in muscle, liver and brain all decreased significantly during the first 2h, then returned to the basal value at 24h. Unlikely, tissue AMPKα2 expression of fish receiving saline solution increased significantly during the whole sampling period. Additionally, high-Carbohydrate diet enhanced its expression in liver and muscle, but not that in brain. These findings indicated that the AMPKα2 gene shared a high degree of conservation with that of the other vertebrates. Muscle, liver and brain AMPKα2 expressions were highly induced by glucose administration. Furthermore, high Dietary Carbohydrate modified its expressions in these tissues.
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effects of Dietary Carbohydrate lipid ratios on non specific immune responses oxidative status and liver histology of juvenile yellow catfish pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Lina Wang, Wen-bin Liu, Dongsen Cai, Chunnuan Zhang, Yu QianAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dietary Carbohydrate/lipid (CHO:L) ratios on immune responses, oxidative status, and liver histology of juvenile Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated, containing various CHO:L ratios from 1.11 to 9.50. Each diet was tested in four replicates for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the leucocyte count, plasma globulin content and lysozyme activity of fish fed the 5.58 CHO:L diet were significantly ( P P P P P
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effects of Dietary Carbohydrate lipid ratios on growth performance body composition and glucose metabolism of fingerling blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Yu Wang, Wen-bin Liu, Guangzhen Jiang, Jiaojiao ZhuAbstract:This study aimed to investigate the optimum Dietary Carbohydrate/lipid (CHO/L) ratio for fingerling blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala (average initial weight: 6.61 ± 0.03 g). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain various CHO/L ratios ranging from 1.62 to 24.20. Each diet was tested in four replicates for 10 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio and nitrogen and energy retention all improved significantly (P 0.05) as Dietary CHO/L ratios ranged from 2.45 to 5.64. Hepatosomatic index increased significantly (P 0.05) among all the treatments, while liver glycogen content increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing CHO/L ratios. High Dietary Carbohydrate enhanced the activities of liver hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase but did not induce hyperglycaemia. Based on the second-order polynomial regression analysis of SGR, the optimal Dietary Carbohydrate and lipid contents for fingerling blunt snout bream were 291.7 and 81.4 g kg−1, respectively, with a corresponding Dietary CHO/L ratio of 3.58.
Gayathri R Devi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of varying Dietary Carbohydrate and fat content on survival in a murine lncap prostate cancer xenograft model
Cancer Prevention Research, 2009Co-Authors: John C Mavropoulos, Cooper W Buschemeyer, Alok K Tewari, Dmitriy Rokhfeld, Michael Pollak, Yunhua Zhao, Phillip G Febbo, Pinchas Cohen, David M Hwang, Gayathri R DeviAbstract:Purpose: Numerous Dietary factors elevate serum levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), both potent prostate cancer mitogens. We tested whether varying Dietary Carbohydrate and fat, without energy restriction relative to comparison diets, would slow tumor growth and reduce serum insulin, IGF-I, and other molecular mediators of prostate cancer in a xenograft model. Experimental Design: Individually caged male severe combined immunodeficient mice ( n = 130) were randomly assigned to one of three diets (described as percent total calories): very high-fat/no-Carbohydrate ketogenic diet (NCKD: 83% fat, 0% Carbohydrate, 17% protein), low-fat/high-Carbohydrate diet (LFD: 12% fat, 71% Carbohydrate, 17% protein), or high-fat/moderate-Carbohydrate diet (MCD: 40% fat, 43% Carbohydrate, 17% protein). Mice were fed to maintain similar average body weights among groups. Following a preliminary feeding period, mice were injected with 1 × 106 LNCaP cells (day 0) and sacrificed when tumors were ≥1,000 mm3. Results: Two days before tumor injection, median NCKD body weight was 2.4 g (10%) and 2.1 g (8%) greater than the LFD and MCD groups, respectively ( P < 0.0001). Diet was significantly associated with overall survival (log-rank P = 0.004). Relative to MCD, survival was significantly prolonged for the LFD (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.79; P = 0.004) and NCKD groups (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.93; P = 0.02). Median serum insulin, IGF-I, IGF-I/IGF binding protein-1 ratio, and IGF-I/IGF binding protein-3 ratio were significantly reduced in NCKD relative to MCD mice. Phospho-AKT/total AKT ratio and pathways associated with antiapoptosis, inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity were also significantly reduced in NCKD relative to MCD tumors. Conclusions: These results support further preclinical exploration of Carbohydrate restriction in prostate cancer and possibly warrant pilot or feasibility testing in humans.
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the effects of varying Dietary Carbohydrate and fat content on survival in a murine lncap prostate cancer xenograft model
Cancer Prevention Research, 2009Co-Authors: John C Mavropoulos, Cooper W Buschemeyer, Alok K Tewari, Dmitriy Rokhfeld, Michael Pollak, Yunhua Zhao, Phillip G Febbo, Pinchas Cohen, David M Hwang, Gayathri R DeviAbstract:Purpose: Numerous Dietary factors elevate serum levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), both potent prostate cancer mitogens. We tested whether varying Dietary Carbohydrate and fat, without energy restriction relative to comparison diets, would slow tumor growth and reduce serum insulin, IGF-I, and other molecular mediators of prostate cancer in a xenograft model. Experimental Design: Individually caged male severe combined immunodeficient mice ( n = 130) were randomly assigned to one of three diets (described as percent total calories): very high-fat/no-Carbohydrate ketogenic diet (NCKD: 83% fat, 0% Carbohydrate, 17% protein), low-fat/high-Carbohydrate diet (LFD: 12% fat, 71% Carbohydrate, 17% protein), or high-fat/moderate-Carbohydrate diet (MCD: 40% fat, 43% Carbohydrate, 17% protein). Mice were fed to maintain similar average body weights among groups. Following a preliminary feeding period, mice were injected with 1 × 106 LNCaP cells (day 0) and sacrificed when tumors were ≥1,000 mm3. Results: Two days before tumor injection, median NCKD body weight was 2.4 g (10%) and 2.1 g (8%) greater than the LFD and MCD groups, respectively ( P < 0.0001). Diet was significantly associated with overall survival (log-rank P = 0.004). Relative to MCD, survival was significantly prolonged for the LFD (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.79; P = 0.004) and NCKD groups (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.93; P = 0.02). Median serum insulin, IGF-I, IGF-I/IGF binding protein-1 ratio, and IGF-I/IGF binding protein-3 ratio were significantly reduced in NCKD relative to MCD mice. Phospho-AKT/total AKT ratio and pathways associated with antiapoptosis, inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity were also significantly reduced in NCKD relative to MCD tumors. Conclusions: These results support further preclinical exploration of Carbohydrate restriction in prostate cancer and possibly warrant pilot or feasibility testing in humans.
Mingchun Ren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative study on the effect of high Dietary Carbohydrate on the growth performance body composition serum physiological responses and hepatic antioxidant abilities in wuchang bream megalobrama amblycephala and black carp mylopharyngodon piceus ri
Aquaculture Research, 2017Co-Authors: Chuanpeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Jun Xie, Ruli Chen, Linghong Miao, Mingchun RenAbstract:A 90-day trial investigated the effect of Dietary Carbohydrate level on growth performance, body composition, serum physiological responses and hepatic antioxidant abilities of a herbivorous fish, Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and a carnivorous fish, black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus Richardson, 1846). For each species, two isonitrogenous and isolipidic semi-purified diets (28.6% crude protein and 5.3% crude lipid for Wuchang bream) were formulated to contain 30.4% and 52.9% Carbohydrate (WB-NCHO and WB-HCHO); Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic semi-purified diets (32.6% crude protein and 5.3% crude lipid for black carp) were formulated to contain 20.5% and 40.5% Carbohydrate (BC-NCHO and BC-HCHO). It was shown that, compared to Group WB-NCHO, Wuchang bream in Group WB-HCHO had lower weight gain rate, specific growth rate, serum total protein, hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidative capacity, while higher feed conversion ratio, serum triglyceride and cortisol levels (P < 0.05). Compared to Group BC-NCHO, black carp in Group BC-HCHO had lower final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, serum alkaline alkaline phosphatase activity, serum total protein, hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidative capacity, while higher feed conversion ratio, whole body crude lipid, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity and cortisol levels (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggested that Wuchang bream had better capacity of utilizing Dietary Carbohydrate than that of black carp, while high levels of Dietary Carbohydrate might not only be detrimental to growth performance and feed utilization but also the immune response and health for both species.
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effects of Dietary Carbohydrate source on growth performance diet digestibility and liver glucose enzyme activity in blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala
Aquaculture, 2015Co-Authors: Bo Liu, Jun Xie, Mingchun Ren, Habtemichael Habtetsion, Qunlan Zhou, Liangkun Pan, Ruli ChenAbstract:Abstract A 3-month feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of Dietary Carbohydrate source on the growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients and liver glucose enzyme activity in juvenile blunt snout bream. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain 33% wheat starch, corn starch, dextrin, maltose, glucose or cellulose. At the end of the experiment, the best final body weight (18.4 g), specific growth rate (SGR, 2.46%/day), feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.41 g feed/g gain) and protein efficiency ratio (PER, 2.22 g gain/protein) were found in the group fed with the dextrin diet, while the poorest values were observed in the group fed with the cellulose diet among the treatments. Fish fed with the glucose (1.55 g feed/g gain) or maltose (1.53 g feed/g gain) diet showed significantly higher FCR than those fed with the dextrin diet (1.41 g feed/g gain). Dietary cellulose caused the highest feed intake (2.91 g/fish/day) and FCR (1.87 g feed/g gain) among the treatments. The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter was significantly lower in fish fed with the cellulose diet than those fed with other diets. ADC of protein was independent of Dietary Carbohydrate source. The highest ADC of energy was observed in fish fed with diets containing glucose, maltose or dextrin; followed by wheat starch, corn starch and cellulose. Carbohydrate source did not affect whole body moisture, protein and ash contents, and plasma total protein and cholesterol contents. Lipid contents of whole body and plasma triglyceride contents increased with increasing Carbohydrate complexities. Plasma glucose contents and liver enzyme activities were affected by sampling time and Dietary Carbohydrate source. Fish fed with the dextrin diet showed the highest liver glucokinase (GK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities, and the lowest glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity among all the groups. Significantly higher G6Pase activity was observed in fish fed with the glucose diet than those fed with the dextrin or wheat starch diet at 2 h postprandial. These results indicated that dextrin was the best Dietary Carbohydrate source for juvenile blunt snout bream, based on growth performance, feed utilization, ADC and liver glucose enzyme activities.
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effect of high Dietary Carbohydrate on the growth performance blood chemistry hepatic enzyme activities and growth hormone gene expression of wuchang bream megalobrama amblycephala at two temperatures
Asian-australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Chuanpeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Jun Xie, Ruli Chen, Mingchun RenAbstract:The effects of high Carbohydrate diet on growth, serum physiological response, and hepatic heat shock protein 70 expression in Wuchang bream were determined at 25°C and 30°C. At each temperature, the fish fed the control diet (31% CHO) had significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activities, lower feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole crude lipid, serum glucose, hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity than those fed the high-Carbohydrate diet (47% CHO) (p<0.05). The fish reared at 25°C had significantly higher whole body crude protein and ash, serum cholesterol and triglyceride, hepatic G-6-Pase activity, lower glycogen content and relative levels of hepatic growth hormone (GH) gene expression than those reared at 30°C (p<0.05). Significant interaction between temperature and diet was found for HSI, condition factor, hepatic GK activity and the relative levels of hepatic GH gene expression (p<0.05). (Key Words: Megalobrama amblycephala, Dietary Carbohydrate, Temperature, Growth, Serum Parameters, Hepatic Enzymes Activities)