The Experts below are selected from a list of 303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Clifford W. Welsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relationship between Dietary Fat and experimental mammary tumorigenesis: a review and critique.
Cancer Research, 1992Co-Authors: Clifford W. WelschAbstract:That Dietary Fat can significantly affect mammary tumorigenesis in mice and rats has been clearly established. The purpose of this communication is to review and critique this interesting and potentially important relationship. This review focuses on the relationship between the amount and type of Dietary Fat and the role of calories in rodent mammary tumor development and metastasis. Additionally, the influence of Dietary Fat on development of human breast carcinoma transplants in immunodeficient mice is examined. The numerous studies cited in this review provide a compelling biological foundation for a potentially important relationship between Dietary Fat and/or calorie consumption and breast carcinoma development in human populations.
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Dietary Fat, calories, and mammary gland tumorigenesis.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1992Co-Authors: Clifford W. WelschAbstract:In experimental animals (mice and rats), altering the levels and/or types of Dietary Fat markedly influences the development of mammary tumors. This phenomenon has now been demonstrated in an impressive array of carcinogen-induced,1–106 transplantable,107–121 “spontaneous”122–139 and metastatic140–150 experimental rodent mammary tumor systems. The purpose of this communication is to review and critique the relationships between Dietary Fat and mammary gland tumorigenesis in rodents. In particular, five issues are examined and critiqued, i.e., 1) amount of Fat and rodent mammary tumorigenesis, 2) type of Fat and rodent mammary tumorigenesis, 3) Fat and rodent mammary tumor cell metastasis, 4) the Fatcalorie-rodent mammary tumorigenesis relationship, and 5) influence of Fat on development of human breast carcinoma transplants in immune-deficient mice. Although the amount and/or type of Dietary Fat have been reported to influence the development and/or growth of the normal and/or pre-neoplastic rodent mammary gland,84, 07,138,151–156 these relationships, albeit important, will not be discussed in this chapter. Specific mechanisms by which Dietary Fat influences mammary gland tumorigenesis in rodents have been discussed in previous reviews157–162 and will not be a major focus of this communication. All amounts of Dietary Fat cited in this review are expressed as percent by weight. The terms “mammary tumor development” or “mammary tumorigenesis” denote mammary tumor growth, incidence, number, and/or multiplicity.
Walter C. Willett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adult Dietary Fat intake and ovarian cancer risk.
International journal of cancer, 2019Co-Authors: Megan S. Rice, Elizabeth M. Poole, Walter C. Willett, Shelley S. TworogerAbstract:The association of Dietary Fat intake with ovarian cancer risk has been inconsistent across populations. We examined Dietary Fat intake, overall and by type and ovarian cancer risk in two prospective cohort studies. We assessed long-term Dietary Fat intake among Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII participants using food frequency questionnaires administered every 2-4 years beginning in 1984 and 1991, respectively. We examined cumulative energy-adjusted intake of total Fat, specific types of Fat (animal, vegetable, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and trans Fat) and cholesterol. We identified 700 ovarian cancer cases in NHS and 196 in NHSII with Dietary information. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate associations between intake and ovarian cancer risk. Dietary Fat intake changed over time in both cohorts and was lower in NHS than NHSII. Higher cumulative average intakes of animal Fat and cholesterol were significantly positively associated with risk of ovarian cancer in NHS (relative risk [RR] comparing extreme quartiles = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.06 and 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.69, respectively), but not in NHSII. Other Dietary Fat sources were not clearly associated with risk in either population. We did not observe clear associations between Dietary Fat and ovarian cancer risk in two large prospective cohort studies.
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Dietary Fat from foe to friend
Science, 2018Co-Authors: Walter C. Willett, David S Ludwig, Jeff S Volek, Marian L NeuhouserAbstract:For decades, Dietary advice was based on the premise that high intakes of Fat cause obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and possibly cancer. Recently, evidence for the adverse metabolic effects of processed carbohydrate has led to a resurgence in interest in lower-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets with high Fat content. However, some argue that the relative quantity of Dietary Fat and carbohydrate has little relevance to health and that focus should instead be placed on which particular Fat or carbohydrate sources are consumed. This review, by nutrition scientists with widely varying perspectives, summarizes existing evidence to identify areas of broad consensus amid ongoing controversy regarding macronutrients and chronic disease.
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abstract mp050 changes in Dietary Fat intake and long term weight change in us women and men
Circulation, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaoran Liu, Deirdre K Tobias, Dong D Wang, Joann E Manson, Walter C. WillettAbstract:Introduction: The role of Dietary Fat intake in body weight regulation remains controversial and few studies have examined long-term changes in types of Dietary Fat and weight change in longitudina...
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a prospective study of Dietary Fat consumption and endometriosis risk
Human Reproduction, 2010Co-Authors: Stacey A Missmer, Jorge E Chavarro, Susan Malspeis, Elizabeth R Bertonejohnson, Mark D Hornstein, Donna Spiegelman, Robert L Barbieri, Walter C. WillettAbstract:background: Endometriosis is a prevalent but enigmatic gynecologic disorder for which few modifiable risk factors have been identified. Fish oil consumption has been associated with symptom improvement in studies of women with primary dysmenorrhea and with decreased endometriosis risk in autotransplantation animal studies. methods: To investigate the relation between Dietary Fat intake and the risk of endometriosis, we analyzed 12 years of prospective data from the Nurses’ Health Study II that began in 1989. Dietary Fat was assessed via food frequency questionnaire in 1991, 1995 and 1999. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for total energy intake, parity, race and body mass index at age 18, and assessed cumulatively averaged Fat intake across the three diet questionnaires. results: During the 586 153 person-years of follow-up, 1199 cases of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis were reported. Although total Fat consumption was not associated with endometriosis risk, those women in the highest fifth of long-chain omega-3 Fatty acid consumption were 22% less likely to be diagnosed with endometriosis compared with those with the lowest fifth of intake [95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.62– 0.99; P-value, test for linear trend (Pt) ¼ 0.03]. In addition, those in the highest quintile of trans-unsaturated Fat intake were 48% more likely to be diagnosed with endometriosis (95% CI ¼ 1.17–1.88; Pt ¼ 0.001). conclusion: These data suggest that specific types of Dietary Fat are associated with the incidence of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis, and that these relations may indicate modifiable risk. This evidence additionally provides another disease association that supports efforts to remove trans Fat from hydrogenated oils from the food supply.
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Dietary Fat and obesity: an unconvincing relation.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1998Co-Authors: Walter C. WillettAbstract:Bray and Popkin (1) attempted to refute my earlier conclusion that diets high in Fat do not appear to be the primary cause of excess body Fat in our society and that a reduction in Dietary Fat is not the solution (2). The topic is important because replacement of Dietary Fat with carbohydrate has been the predominant nutritional advice in the past decade (3). In a sedentary population with widespread insulin resistance, this change in diet induces hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDLcholesterol concentrations (4, 5). Thus, if weight is not substantially reduced, rates of coronary artery disease may not be reduced and could even increase. Bray and Popkin criticize the epidemiologic data that I cited on time trends and on geographic comparisons relating Dietary Fat to body Fat (2). Although these data provide some useful evidence, I concluded that the relation between Dietary Fat and body Fat is particularly difficult to evaluate in nonexperimental studies and that the best evidence should come from long-term randomized trials. Bray and Popkin devote considerable attention to nonexperimental data, which they deem to be superior. Their alternative geographic analysis, which they characterize as more “representative” of world populations, compares poor developing countries such as India, Mali, and China with the United States and other affluent countries. The differences in wealth and lifestyle among these countries are so extreme that their analysis hardly constitutes evidence for a causal relation between Dietary Fat and body Fat. However, some of the data for individual countries depicted in their Figure 1 are informative. The fact that nearly 60% of the South African population is overweight, with an intake of
Vasundara Venkateswaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dietary Fat and prostate cancer.
The Journal of Urology, 2004Co-Authors: Neil Fleshner, P Scott Bagnell, Laurence Klotz, Vasundara VenkateswaranAbstract:ABSTRACTPurpose: Data from histopathological and migratory studies suggest that 1 or more late stage environmental promoters are involved in the development of clinical carcinoma of the prostate. Laboratory investigations and variously designed epidemiological studies in man have suggested that Dietary Fat may be one of these candidate tumor promoters but other studies have questioned this association. The biologically plausible associations that have been hypothesized include total energy consumption, altered androgen metabolism, oxidative stress, specific Fatty acid consumption and pesticide intake. We provide a critical appraisal of the existing evidence for an association between Dietary Fat consumption and prostate cancer, and review the biologically plausible relationships.Materials and Methods: All 33 published case-control and cohort studies that examined the relationship between prostate cancer and Dietary Fat or specific Fatty food types were critically appraised. Eight studies suggested a stati...
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Dietary Fat and prostate cancer.
The Journal of urology, 2004Co-Authors: Neil Fleshner, P Scott Bagnell, Laurence Klotz, Vasundara VenkateswaranAbstract:Data from histopathological and migratory studies suggest that 1 or more late stage environmental promoters are involved in the development of clinical carcinoma of the prostate. Laboratory investigations and variously designed epidemiological studies in man have suggested that Dietary Fat may be one of these candidate tumor promoters but other studies have questioned this association. The biologically plausible associations that have been hypothesized include total energy consumption, altered androgen metabolism, oxidative stress, specific Fatty acid consumption and pesticide intake. We provide a critical appraisal of the existing evidence for an association between Dietary Fat consumption and prostate cancer, and review the biologically plausible relationships. All 33 published case-control and cohort studies that examined the relationship between prostate cancer and Dietary Fat or specific Fatty food types were critically appraised. Eight studies suggested a statistically significant association, and many studies noted significant associations for specific types of Fatty foods (eg milk or meat) and prostate cancer. In light of the inherent biases in the methodology of studying Dietary Fat intake and carcinoma of the prostate, we conclude that the evidence is consistent. Corroborative studies in humans are required to better define this relationship. Prospective studies of Dietary intervention should be encouraged.
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Dietary Fat and prostate cancer. Discussion
The Journal of Urology, 2004Co-Authors: Neil Fleshner, P Scott Bagnell, Laurence Klotz, Vasundara Venkateswaran, Alan R. Kristal, Eric A. Klein, Ian M. Thompson, Louis Denis, Leslie G. FordAbstract:Purpose: Data from histopathological and migratory studies suggest that 1 or more late stage environmental promoters are involved in the development of clinical carcinoma of the prostate. Laboratory investigations and variously designed epidemiological studies in man have suggested that Dietary Fat may be one of these candidate tumor promoters but other studies have questioned this association. The biologically plausible associations that have been hypothesized include total energy consumption, altered androgen metabolism, oxidative stress, specific Fatty acid consumption and pesticide intake. We provide a critical appraisal of the existing evidence for an association between Dietary Fat consumption and prostate cancer, and review the biologically plausible relationships. Materials and Methods: All 33 published case-control and cohort studies that examined the relationship between prostate cancer and Dietary Fat or specific Fatty food types were critically appraised. Eight studies suggested a statistically significant association, and many studies noted significant associations for specific types of Fatty foods (eg milk or meat) and prostate cancer. Results: In light of the inherent biases in the methodology of studying Dietary Fat intake and carcinoma of the prostate, we conclude that the evidence is consistent. Conclusions: Corroborative studies in humans are required to better define this relationship. Prospective studies of Dietary intervention should be encouraged.
Erik Díaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of the Dietary Fat quality on insulin sensitivity.
The British journal of nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Jose E. Galgani, Ricardo Uauy, Carolina Aguirre, Erik DíazAbstract:Recent evidence shows that specific Fatty acids affect cell metabolism, modifying the balance between Fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. These effects may have important implications in addressing the present epidemic of nutrition-related chronic disease. Intake of Dietary saturated and n-6 PUFA have increased while n-3 Fatty acid intake has decreased. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance are highly prevalent, and both are strongly related to disorders of lipid metabolism characterized by an increased plasma and intracellular Fatty acid availability. Thus, it has been hypothesized that change in the quality of Dietary Fat supply is able to modify the degree of insulin sensitivity. Animal studies provide support for this notion. However, there is limited human data either from normal or diabetic subjects. This review aims to analyse human studies that address this question. To this purpose, the experimental design, Dietary compliance, insulin-sensitivity method used and confounding variables are discussed in order to identify the role of Dietary Fat quality as a risk factor for insulin resistance. Most studies (twelve of fifteen) found no effect relating to Fat quality on insulin sensitivity. However, multiple study design flaws limit the validity of this conclusion. In contrast, one of the better designed studies found that consumption of a high-saturated-Fat diet decreased insulin sensitivity in comparison to a high-monounsaturated-Fat diet. We conclude that the role of Dietary Fat quality on insulin sensitivity in human subjects should be further studied, using experimental designs that address the limitations of existing data sets.
Neil Fleshner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dietary Fat and prostate cancer.
The Journal of Urology, 2004Co-Authors: Neil Fleshner, P Scott Bagnell, Laurence Klotz, Vasundara VenkateswaranAbstract:ABSTRACTPurpose: Data from histopathological and migratory studies suggest that 1 or more late stage environmental promoters are involved in the development of clinical carcinoma of the prostate. Laboratory investigations and variously designed epidemiological studies in man have suggested that Dietary Fat may be one of these candidate tumor promoters but other studies have questioned this association. The biologically plausible associations that have been hypothesized include total energy consumption, altered androgen metabolism, oxidative stress, specific Fatty acid consumption and pesticide intake. We provide a critical appraisal of the existing evidence for an association between Dietary Fat consumption and prostate cancer, and review the biologically plausible relationships.Materials and Methods: All 33 published case-control and cohort studies that examined the relationship between prostate cancer and Dietary Fat or specific Fatty food types were critically appraised. Eight studies suggested a stati...
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Dietary Fat and prostate cancer.
The Journal of urology, 2004Co-Authors: Neil Fleshner, P Scott Bagnell, Laurence Klotz, Vasundara VenkateswaranAbstract:Data from histopathological and migratory studies suggest that 1 or more late stage environmental promoters are involved in the development of clinical carcinoma of the prostate. Laboratory investigations and variously designed epidemiological studies in man have suggested that Dietary Fat may be one of these candidate tumor promoters but other studies have questioned this association. The biologically plausible associations that have been hypothesized include total energy consumption, altered androgen metabolism, oxidative stress, specific Fatty acid consumption and pesticide intake. We provide a critical appraisal of the existing evidence for an association between Dietary Fat consumption and prostate cancer, and review the biologically plausible relationships. All 33 published case-control and cohort studies that examined the relationship between prostate cancer and Dietary Fat or specific Fatty food types were critically appraised. Eight studies suggested a statistically significant association, and many studies noted significant associations for specific types of Fatty foods (eg milk or meat) and prostate cancer. In light of the inherent biases in the methodology of studying Dietary Fat intake and carcinoma of the prostate, we conclude that the evidence is consistent. Corroborative studies in humans are required to better define this relationship. Prospective studies of Dietary intervention should be encouraged.
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Dietary Fat and prostate cancer. Discussion
The Journal of Urology, 2004Co-Authors: Neil Fleshner, P Scott Bagnell, Laurence Klotz, Vasundara Venkateswaran, Alan R. Kristal, Eric A. Klein, Ian M. Thompson, Louis Denis, Leslie G. FordAbstract:Purpose: Data from histopathological and migratory studies suggest that 1 or more late stage environmental promoters are involved in the development of clinical carcinoma of the prostate. Laboratory investigations and variously designed epidemiological studies in man have suggested that Dietary Fat may be one of these candidate tumor promoters but other studies have questioned this association. The biologically plausible associations that have been hypothesized include total energy consumption, altered androgen metabolism, oxidative stress, specific Fatty acid consumption and pesticide intake. We provide a critical appraisal of the existing evidence for an association between Dietary Fat consumption and prostate cancer, and review the biologically plausible relationships. Materials and Methods: All 33 published case-control and cohort studies that examined the relationship between prostate cancer and Dietary Fat or specific Fatty food types were critically appraised. Eight studies suggested a statistically significant association, and many studies noted significant associations for specific types of Fatty foods (eg milk or meat) and prostate cancer. Results: In light of the inherent biases in the methodology of studying Dietary Fat intake and carcinoma of the prostate, we conclude that the evidence is consistent. Conclusions: Corroborative studies in humans are required to better define this relationship. Prospective studies of Dietary intervention should be encouraged.
