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Suzanne M. Hodgkinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Digestible Energy content of pasture species in growing european wild boar sus scrofa l
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: R P Quijada, N I Bitsch, Suzanne M. HodgkinsonAbstract:Summary The objectives were to determine the apparent Energy digestibility of six pasture species frequently grazed by European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) and to estimate the Digestible Energy (DE) consumption from pasture by grazing wild boar. Seven diets were prepared; a base diet (BD) which did not contain any pasture species, diets D1 to D5 which included 75% of the BD and 25% of the dried pasture species Lolium perenne (D1), Festuca arundinacea (D2), Agrostis capillaris (D3), Bromus staminius (D4) or Trifolium repens (D5) and D6 which contained 85% BD and 15% dried Plantago lanceolata. Seven purebred European wild boar (initial liveweight 24.4 ± 0.8 kg, average ± SEM) were given access to the diets following a Latin Square design. The animals received each diet for eight days, with faecal sampling on days 6, 7 and 8. The total apparent DE consumption from pasture by grazing wild boar was estimated using previously collected pasture consumption data from wild boar. The digestibility coefficients and DE contents of the pasture species ranged from 0.29 to 0.65, and 5.8 to 12.6 MJ/kg DM respectively, with L. perenne and P. lanceolata having the greatest digestibility coefficients and DE contents. The wild boar were estimated to satisfy between 52% and 142% of their maintenance Energy requirements through pasture consumption. Grazing wild boar are able to utilise an important proportion of the Energy present in pasture species.
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potential protein deposition in the european wild boar sus scrofa l
Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 2012Co-Authors: R P Quijada, Suzanne M. HodgkinsonAbstract:L.) is perceived to be very slow. However, there is no available information on the genetic potential of these animals in terms of potential lean tissue growth.The aim of the study was to determine the maximum capacity for protein deposition (operational PDmax) in wild boars under controlled environmental conditions. Four diets were formulated containing different levels of Digestible Energy (DE): 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, and 2.8 Mcal DE kg
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comparison of the Digestible Energy content of maize oats and alfalfa between the european wild boar sus scrofa l and landrace large white pig sus scrofa domesticus
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Suzanne M. Hodgkinson, Mary Schmidt, Nelson UlloaAbstract:Abstract The objective of the current study was to compare the Digestible Energy (DE) contents of maize, oats and alfalfa meal between European wild boar ( Sus scrofa L.) and the domestic pig ( S. scrofa domesticus , Landrace × Large White). Six pure wild boar ( S. scrofa L.) and six domestic pigs (Landrace × Large White) with liveweights (mean ± S.E.M.) of 26 ± 0.6 and 21 ± 1.1 kg, respectively, were fed diets at a daily level of 0.10 × metabolic body weight ( W 0.75 ). The diets included a base diet and three experimental diets containing 700 g basal diet/kg and 300 g maize, oats or alfalfa meal/kg; all animals received all four diets. Chromic oxide was used as inDigestible marker. The animals received each diet for an 8-day period with fecal samples collected on days 6, 7 and 8. The DE content of the maize, oats and alfalfa was calculated for each ingredient and statistically compared between the wild boar and domestic pig. For the maize and oats, there was no significant difference in the DE values between the domestic pig and wild boar. However, the DE value of the alfalfa was greater in the domestic pig (10.56 MJ kg −1 DM) than in the wild boar (8.48 MJ kg −1 DM). For ingredients that contain relatively low concentrations of fibre (such as maize and oats), it appears that DE values determined in the domestic pig can be validly applied for diet formulation for wild boars; however, for ingredients with higher fibre levels, the DE values in wild boar appear to be lower than those in the domestic pig.
Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biofloc technology (BFT): Adjusting the levels of Digestible protein and Digestible Energy in diets of Nile tilapia juveniles raised in brackish water
Aquaculture and Fisheries, 2020Co-Authors: Emerson Giuliani Durigon, Rafael Lazzari, Juliano Uczay, Diogo L.a. Lopes, Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo, Tayna Sgnaulin, Maurício Gustavo Coelho EmerencianoAbstract:Abstract Several studies have been performed adjusting the levels of dietary Digestible protein and Digestible Energy for tilapia, but none of them was performed in biofloc technology (BFT) system, especially in brackish (10) water. In this sense, three levels of Digestible protein (22, 26 and 30% DP) and three levels of Digestible Energy (3000, 3150 and 3300 kcal DE / kg) were evaluated on growth performance, body composition, hematological parameters and planktonic community in juveniles of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) raised under BFT conditions. A total of 540 tilapia fingerlings (GIFT strain with 1.25 ± 0.15 g initial weight) were reared during 42 days in thirty-six plastic tanks (75 L), fed three times a day. No interaction was detected in the parameters evaluated. The fish fed with feed containing 26% and 30% of DP obtained higher final weight, specific growth rate and condition factor as compared to those fed with 22% of DP (P
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Nutrition of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) in biofloc technology system: Optimization of Digestible protein and Digestible Energy levels during nursery phase
Aquaculture, 2020Co-Authors: Tayna Sgnaulin, Emerson Giuliani Durigon, Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo, Sara Mello Pinho, Diogo Luiz De Alcantara Lopes, Maurício Gustavo Coelho EmerencianoAbstract:Abstract The objective of the present work was to investigate different dietary Digestible protein (22%, 26% and 30% of DP) and Digestible Energy (3000, 3150 and 3300 kcal DE kg−1) levels on growth performance and hematological parameters of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) fingerlings (0.99 ± 0.1 g of mean initial weight) over 42 days. In addition, proximate analysis of carcass and biofloc biomass, as well as planktonic community characterization were performed. A factorial design (Digestible protein and Digestible Energy as factors) was applied totaling nine treatments with four replicates each. The FCR (~1.17) and survival (>98%) were similar between all treatments (P > .05). When assessing the final weight of the fish, in terms of weight gain and specific growth rate, the 22% and 26% DP treatments were not affected by the Energy level (P > .05); however, the 30% DP level were affected by Energy levels (P .05). Standard length presented an interaction effect (P
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Digestive enzymes and parasitology of Nile tilapia juveniles raised in brackish biofloc water and fed with different Digestible protein and Digestible Energy levels
Aquaculture, 2019Co-Authors: Emerson Giuliani Durigon, Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo, Ana Paula Gottlieb Almeida, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Maurício Gustavo Coelho EmerencianoAbstract:Abstract Biofloc technology (BFT) system is increasing around the world and Nile tilapia is suggested as the major fish species for such technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate diets with different levels of Digestible protein (22, 26 and 30% DP) and Digestible Energy (3000, 3150 and 3300 kcal kg−1) for Nile tilapia juveniles raised in brackish biofloc system water (10 ppt) and its effects on the activity of digestive enzymes and the presence of ectoparasites in the gills. Tilapia juveniles (1.25 ± 0.15 g of initial weight) were stocked in thirty-two experimental units (100 L tanks) with 15 fish per tank. After 42 days fish were harvested, sampled and analyzed. The pepsine (stomach) and trypsine (intestine) activities significantly increased according to the increase of dietary levels. For both cases the higher activity was observed in 30% DP treatment (P
E Pfeffer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maintenance requirement for Digestible Energy and efficiency of utilisation of Digestible Energy for retention in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Aquaculture, 1999Co-Authors: M Rodehutscord, E PfefferAbstract:Partitioning of Digestible Energy for maintenance and growth was examined in fast growing rainbow trout via multiple regression analysis. Data from 292 groups of rainbow trout fed a large variety of different diets for which Digestible Energy intake can be assumed as the factor limiting growth were used in the analysis. Intake of Digestible Energy, Energy retention and protein as well as lipid gain had been quantified for each group of trout. Multiple regression suggested that maintenance requirement for Digestible Energy was dependent on the 0.43 power of body weight in grams. Depending on growth rate, maintenance requirement contributed to between 10 and 30% of the total Digestible Energy requirement. The utilisation of Digestible Energy that was available for retention proved to be dependent on fat concentration in the diet. Effects of dietary crude protein concentration or water temperature on Digestible Energy utilisation could not be determined for this data set. Daily Digestible Energy requirement (kJ) could be best predicted by 1.31 BW0.43 (g)+retained Energy (kJ/day)/[0.66 (1+0.000652 g fat/kg dry diet)]. Assuming a partial efficiency of DE utilisation above maintenance for fat retention of 0.9, a partial efficiency of DE above maintenance for protein retention of 0.54 was calculated. An inter-laboratory approach is suggested to obtain a wider range of experimental data and, therefore, to improve the suitability of models for general application.
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Energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth in gilthead seabream sparus aurata l
Aquaculture Nutrition, 1998Co-Authors: Ingrid Lupatsch, D Sklan, Wm G Kissil, E PfefferAbstract:Factorial determinations of Energy and protein requirements in growing Sparus aurata were carried out at 23‐24°C. The Energy content in the whole fish was dependent on fish weight and ranged from 5 to 11 MJ kg ‐1 body mass for 1‐250 g fish, whereas the protein content remained constant at 179 g kg ‐1 . During starvation the fish lost 42.5 kJ body weight (BW) (kg) ‐0.83 day ‐1 and 0.42 g protein BW (kg) ‐0.70 day ‐1 . The maintenance requirement for Energy was calculated to be 55.8 kJ BW (kg) ‐0.83 day ‐1 and for protein 0.86 g BW (kg) ‐0.70 day ‐1 . Utilization of Digestible Energy and Digestible crude protein below and at maintenance was determined as 0.72 and 0.51, respectively. Utilization of Digestible Energy and Digestible crude protein for growth above maintenance was determined as 0.46 and 0.28, respectively. These values allow estimation of requirements for growing Sparus aurata.
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estimation of Digestible Energy in dry extruded dog foods
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 1997Co-Authors: T Groner, E PfefferAbstract:Summary Multiple regression analysis was carried out for the results of digestibility determinations carried out with dogs fed 45 different dry extruded foods in which proximate nutrients, detergent fibre and α-linked plus free glucose (a-Glc) had been analysed. The following formula for estimating the Digestible Energy (DE) was found to be the most accurate: Inclusion of detergent fibre did not improve the accuracy of estimation. Zusammenfassung Schatzung der Verdaulichen Energie in extrudiertem Trockenfutter fur Hunde Mittels multipler Regressionsanalyse wurden die Ergebnisse von Verdaulichkeitsbestimmungen mit Hunden ausgewertet, in denen 45 verschiedene extrudierte Trockenfutter untersucht worden waren. In den Futtern wurden neben den Weender Rohnahrstoffen noch NDF, ADF und alpha-glucosidisch gebundene plus freie Glucose (a-Glc) bestimmt. Folgende Schatzglcichung fur die Verdauliche Energie wurde als empfehlenswert abgeleitet: Hinzunahme von NDF oder ADF fuhrte nicht zu Verbesserungen der Schatzgenauigkeit.
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hydrolyzed feather meal as feed component in diets for rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and effects of dietary protein Energy ratio on the efficiency of utilization of Digestible Energy and protein
Archives of Animal Nutrition, 1994Co-Authors: E Pfeffer, D Wiesmann, Birgit HenrichfreiseAbstract:Two feeding trials were performed on rainbow trout of mean initial weights of 40 and 50 g and lasting for 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. In trial 1, diets contained per kg 300 g fish meal and varying proportions of gelatinized maize starch plus either casein or hydrolyzed feather meal. Dietary crude protein content varied from about 27 to about 53%. In trial 2, all diets had about 45% crude protein. Fish meal (300 g/kg) was replaced in 3 steps by hydrolyzed feather meal either without or with supplementation of L‐ lysine‐HC1 and/or DL‐methionine. In trial 1, efficiency of utilization of Digestible Energy (DE) rose from 38 to 50% when the ratio Digestible crude protein (DCP)/DE was increased from about 11 to 17 g/MJ irrespective of the source of additional DCP, but did not further increase at higher ratios DCP/DE. Efficiency of utilization of DCP was about 50% as long as the ratio DCP/DE did not exceed 17 g/MJ. With progressing replacement of fish meal by hydrolyzed feather meal, efficiencies of utilizatio...
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hydrolyzed feather meal as feed component in diets for rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and effects of dietary protein Energy ratio on the efficiency of utilization of Digestible Energy and protein
Archives of Animal Nutrition, 1994Co-Authors: E Pfeffer, D Wiesmann, Birgit HenrichfreiseAbstract:Two feeding trials were performed on rainbow trout of mean initial weights of 40 and 50 g and lasting for 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. In trial 1, diets contained per kg 300 g fish meal and varying proportions of gelatinized maize starch plus either casein or hydrolyzed feather meal. Dietary crude protein content varied from about 27 to 53%. In trial 2, all diets had about 45% crude protein. Fish meal (300 g/kg) was replaced in 3 steps by hydrolyzed feather meal either without or with supplementation of L- lysine.HCl and/or DL-methionine. In trial 1, efficiency of utilization of Digestible Energy (DE) rose from 38 to 50% when the ratio Digestible crude protein (DCP)/DE was increased from about 11 to 17 g/MJ irrespective of the source of additional DCP, but did not further increase at higher ratios DCP/DE. Efficiency of utilization of DCP was about 50% as long as the ratio DCP/DE did not exceed 17 g/MJ. With progressing replacement of fish meal by hydrolyzed feather meal, efficiencies of utilization of DE as well as of DCP were reduced, the respective rates of reduction being about halved by supplementing lysine with no effect of supplementing methionine.
Sadasivam Kaushik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dietary nutrient composition affects Digestible Energy utilisation for growth: a study on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and a literature comparison across fish species.
The British journal of nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: Johan W. Schrama, S. Saravanan, Inge Geurden, L.t.n. Heinsbroek, Sadasivam Kaushik, Johan A.j. VerrethAbstract:The effect of the type of non-protein Energy (NPE) on Energy utilisation in Nile tilapia was studied, focusing on Digestible Energy utilisation for growth (k(gDE)). Furthermore, literature data on k(gDE) across fish species were analysed in order to evaluate the effect of dietary macronutrient composition. A total of twelve groups of fish were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design: two diets ('fat' v. 'starch') and two feeding levels ('low' v. 'high'). In the 'fat'-diet, 125 g fish oil and in the 'starch'-diet 300 g maize starch were added to 875 g of an identical basal mixture. Fish were fed restrictively one of two ration levels ('low' or 'high') for estimating k(gDE). Nutrient digestibility, N and Energy balances were measured. For estimating k(gDE), data of the present study were combined with previous data of Nile tilapia fed similar diets to satiation. The type of NPE affected k(gDE) (0.561 and 0.663 with the 'starch' and 'fat'-diets, respectively; P < 0.001). Across fish species, literature values of k(gDE) range from 0.31 to 0.82. Variability in k(gDE) was related to dietary macronutrient composition, the trophic level of the fish species and the composition of growth (fat:protein gain ratio). The across-species comparison suggested that the relationships of k(gDE) with trophic level and with growth composition were predominantly induced by dietary macronutrient composition. Reported k(gDE) values increased linearly with increasing dietary fat content and decreasing dietary carbohydrate content. In contrast, k(gDE) related curvilinearly to dietary crude protein content. In conclusion, Energy utilisation for growth is influenced by dietary macronutrient composition.
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nutrient requirements supply and utilization in the context of carp culture
Aquaculture, 1995Co-Authors: Sadasivam KaushikAbstract:Abstract Practical diets for common carp are often formulated with little concern for the biological and environmental consequences of poor digestive or metabolic utilization of dietary ingredients. Considerable variability in the optimal protein levels (25–50%) in the diets of common carp has been reported. However, critical analysis of the available data shows little difference in the protein needs between this species and other freshwater teleosts studied so far. Quantitative requirements for the indispensable amino acids (IAA) of cyprinids are also similar to those of other species. Energy requirements and the optimal protein to Energy ratios have also been determined for a few cyprinids. As in the case of salmonids, an increase in Digestible Energy enhances the efficiency of dietary protein utilization and leads to a decrease in nitrogenous losses into the environment. Quantitative data on requirements for micronutrients are also available for the common carp. Dietary formulations based on biological values, Digestible Energy and nutrient availability can optimize growth and feed efficiency. In the general context of improved productivity with maintenance of water quality, precise data on the requirements for phosphorus, supply and availability of different ingredients are other factors which deserve more attention.
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contribution of Digestible Energy from carbohydrates and estimation of protein Energy requirements for growth of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Aquaculture, 1992Co-Authors: J D Kim, Sadasivam KaushikAbstract:Abstract Four diets having different Digestible protein (DP) to Digestible Energy (DE) ratios were formulated to study the protein-sparing effect of DE from carbohydrates and to estimate the DE requirements for growth of rainbow trout. A growth trial was conducted for 8 weeks. Digestibility measurements were made over 2 weeks. Trout (initial weights 37 and 100 g for growth and digestibility trials, respectively) were fed to satiation twice a day at a constant water temperature of 17.5 °C. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for dry matter, starch and Energy decreased with an increase in dietary raw starch level. The metabolic fecal nitrogen loss was estimted to be 150 mg N/ 100 g of dry diet. Fish fed a high protein diet with 48% DP, 9% Digestible fat (DL) and 20% Digestible carbohydrates (DC) showed the best performance for weight gain, feed conversion ratio and daily growth index. However, the highest protein efficiency ratio (2.3) and protein retention efficiency (41.4%) were observed in fish fed a diet containing 38, 9 and 30% of DP, DL and DC, respectively. The whole body composition of the fish was not affected by dietary treatments. Liver glycogen and hepatosomatic index were positively related to dietary Digestible carbohydrate levels. The Digestible protein requirement per unit weight gain (g DP required per kg production) varied depending upon the DP/DE ratios. On the other hand, DE requirement per unit weight increment was relatively constant (about 17.5 MJ for the production of 1 kg of rainbow trout), irrespective of the dietary treatment.
Nelson Ulloa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of the Digestible Energy content of maize oats and alfalfa between the european wild boar sus scrofa l and landrace large white pig sus scrofa domesticus
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Suzanne M. Hodgkinson, Mary Schmidt, Nelson UlloaAbstract:Abstract The objective of the current study was to compare the Digestible Energy (DE) contents of maize, oats and alfalfa meal between European wild boar ( Sus scrofa L.) and the domestic pig ( S. scrofa domesticus , Landrace × Large White). Six pure wild boar ( S. scrofa L.) and six domestic pigs (Landrace × Large White) with liveweights (mean ± S.E.M.) of 26 ± 0.6 and 21 ± 1.1 kg, respectively, were fed diets at a daily level of 0.10 × metabolic body weight ( W 0.75 ). The diets included a base diet and three experimental diets containing 700 g basal diet/kg and 300 g maize, oats or alfalfa meal/kg; all animals received all four diets. Chromic oxide was used as inDigestible marker. The animals received each diet for an 8-day period with fecal samples collected on days 6, 7 and 8. The DE content of the maize, oats and alfalfa was calculated for each ingredient and statistically compared between the wild boar and domestic pig. For the maize and oats, there was no significant difference in the DE values between the domestic pig and wild boar. However, the DE value of the alfalfa was greater in the domestic pig (10.56 MJ kg −1 DM) than in the wild boar (8.48 MJ kg −1 DM). For ingredients that contain relatively low concentrations of fibre (such as maize and oats), it appears that DE values determined in the domestic pig can be validly applied for diet formulation for wild boars; however, for ingredients with higher fibre levels, the DE values in wild boar appear to be lower than those in the domestic pig.