The Experts below are selected from a list of 47487 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rachel Boutrou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a standardised static in vitro Digestion Method suitable for food an international consensus
Food & Function, 2014Co-Authors: M Minekus, Marie Alminger, Paula Alvito, Simon Ballance, Torsten Bohn, Claire Bourlieu, Frederic Carriere, Rachel BoutrouAbstract:Simulated gastro-intestinal Digestion is widely employed in many fields of food and nutritional sciences, as conducting human trials are often costly, resource intensive, and ethically disputable. As a consequence, in vitro alternatives that determine endpoints such as the bioaccessibility of nutrients and non-nutrients or the digestibility of macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are used for screening and building new hypotheses. Various Digestion models have been proposed, often impeding the possibility to compare results across research teams. For example, a large variety of enzymes from different sources such as of porcine, rabbit or human origin have been used, differing in their activity and characterization. Differences in pH, mineral type, ionic strength and Digestion time, which alter enzyme activity and other phenomena, may also considerably alter results. Other parameters such as the presence of phospholipids, individual enzymes such as gastric lipase and digestive emulsifiers vs. their mixtures (e.g. pancreatin and bile salts), and the ratio of food bolus to digestive fluids, have also been discussed at length. In the present consensus paper, within the COST Infogest network, we propose a general standardised and practical static Digestion Method based on physiologically relevant conditions that can be applied for various endpoints, which may be amended to accommodate further specific requirements. A frameset of parameters including the oral, gastric and small intestinal Digestion are outlined and their relevance discussed in relation to available in vivo data and enzymes. This consensus paper will give a detailed protocol and a line-by-line, guidance, recommendations and justifications but also limitation of the proposed model. This harmonised static, in vitro Digestion Method for food should aid the production of more comparable data in the future.
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A standardised static in vitro Digestion Method suitable for food – an international consensus
Food and Function, 2014Co-Authors: M Minekus, Marie Alminger, Paula Alvito, Simon Ballance, Torsten Bohn, Frederic Carriere, Rachel Boutrou, Claire Bourlieu-lacanal, M. Corredig, Didier DupontAbstract:Simulated gastro-intestinal Digestion is widely employed in many fields of food and nutritional sciences, as conducting human trials are often costly, resource intensive, and ethically disputable. As a consequence, in vitro alternatives that determine endpoints such as the bioaccessibility of nutrients and non-nutrients or the digestibility of macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are used for screening and building new hypotheses. Various Digestion models have been proposed, often impeding the possibility to compare results across research teams. For example, a large variety of enzymes from different sources such as of porcine, rabbit or human origin have been used, differing in their activity and characterization. Differences in pH, mineral type, ionic strength and Digestion time, which alter enzyme activity and other phenomena, may also considerably alter results. Other parameters such as the presence of phospholipids, individual enzymes such as gastric lipase and digestive emulsifiers vs. their mixtures (e.g. pancreatin and bile salts), and the ratio of food bolus to digestive fluids, have also been discussed at length. In the present consensus paper, within the COST Infogest network, we propose a general standardised and practical static Digestion Method based on physiologically relevant conditions that can be applied for various endpoints, which may be amended to accommodate further specific requirements. A frameset of parameters including the oral, gastric and small intestinal Digestion are outlined and their relevance discussed in relation to available in vivo data and enzymes. This consensus paper will give a detailed protocol and a line-by-line, guidance, recommendations and justifications but also limitation of the proposed model. This harmonised static, in vitro Digestion Method for food should aid the production of more comparable data in the future.
Didier Dupont - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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[i]In vitro[/i] Digestibility of Goat Milk Kefir with New Standardised Static Digestion Method (INFOGEST Cost Action) and Bioactivities of the Resultant Peptides
Food and Function, 2015Co-Authors: Sn El, Sibel Karakaya, S. Simsek, Didier Dupont, Esra Menfaatli, Alper Tolga EkerAbstract:Hydrolyses degree of goat milk and kefir during simulated gastrointestinal Digestion system and some bioactivities of resultant peptides after fermentation and Digestion were studied. Static in vitro Digestion Method by the COST FA1005 Action INFOGEST was used and goat milk and kefir were partially hydrolyzed during gastric phase and had above 80% hydrolysis after duodenal Digestion. There were not any differences between digestibility of goat milk and kefir (p>0.05). Goat milk and kefir displayed about 7-fold antioxidant activity after Digestion (p0.05), however after in vitro Digestion calcium-binding capacity of the goat milk and kefir increased 2 and 5 fold, respectively (p
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A standardised static in vitro Digestion Method suitable for food – an international consensus
Food and Function, 2014Co-Authors: M Minekus, Marie Alminger, Paula Alvito, Simon Ballance, Torsten Bohn, Frederic Carriere, Rachel Boutrou, Claire Bourlieu-lacanal, M. Corredig, Didier DupontAbstract:Simulated gastro-intestinal Digestion is widely employed in many fields of food and nutritional sciences, as conducting human trials are often costly, resource intensive, and ethically disputable. As a consequence, in vitro alternatives that determine endpoints such as the bioaccessibility of nutrients and non-nutrients or the digestibility of macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are used for screening and building new hypotheses. Various Digestion models have been proposed, often impeding the possibility to compare results across research teams. For example, a large variety of enzymes from different sources such as of porcine, rabbit or human origin have been used, differing in their activity and characterization. Differences in pH, mineral type, ionic strength and Digestion time, which alter enzyme activity and other phenomena, may also considerably alter results. Other parameters such as the presence of phospholipids, individual enzymes such as gastric lipase and digestive emulsifiers vs. their mixtures (e.g. pancreatin and bile salts), and the ratio of food bolus to digestive fluids, have also been discussed at length. In the present consensus paper, within the COST Infogest network, we propose a general standardised and practical static Digestion Method based on physiologically relevant conditions that can be applied for various endpoints, which may be amended to accommodate further specific requirements. A frameset of parameters including the oral, gastric and small intestinal Digestion are outlined and their relevance discussed in relation to available in vivo data and enzymes. This consensus paper will give a detailed protocol and a line-by-line, guidance, recommendations and justifications but also limitation of the proposed model. This harmonised static, in vitro Digestion Method for food should aid the production of more comparable data in the future.
Chiafu Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modification of multi walled carbon nanotubes by microwave Digestion Method as electrocatalyst supports for direct methanol fuel cell applications
Electrochemistry Communications, 2007Co-Authors: Chienchung Chen, Chiafu Chen, Chiengming Chen, Fangtzu ChuangAbstract:Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which were directly synthesized on carbon cloth were modified by a microwave Digestion Method in 5 M HNO3 for supporting Pt nanoparticles. The characterizations of modified CNTs were carried out by TEM, XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The HRTEM image shows the caps of MWCNTs are opened after modifying by microwave Digestion Method. The open-end and undamaged MWCNTs can provide a larger surface area for supporting more catalysts. Furthermore, the methanol electrocatalytic oxidation of microwave Digestion treated Pt/MWCNTs electrode shows higher current density than pristine and nitric acid-treated MWCNTs from cyclic voltammograms. This can be an effective and undamaged Method for modifying CNTs. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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purification of multi walled carbon nanotubes by microwave Digestion Method
Diamond and Related Materials, 2004Co-Authors: Chiengming Chen, Mi Chen, Sheng Chuan Wang, Chiafu ChenAbstract:Here developed is an efficient Method for purification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECRCVD). Carbon nanotubes may find their limited use for some applications as they contain a small fraction of metal catalysts in the tubes and tend to have defects along the graphene tube wall. Defects within the multi-walled carbon nanotubes would reduce electrical and structure properties. A two-step acidic treatment in microwave Digestion system is used to dissolve metal catalysts. HNO3 or HCl can rapidly absorb microwave heat and energy and completely dissolve metal, which reside in carbon nanotubes without damage. The processing time of the two-step microwave-assisted and acid-treated time to dissolve metal in the MWCNTs is below 1 h. After purification, the amount of residual catalyst metals in samples is estimated by using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that a high-yield of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with approximately 5% of metal is obtained.
M Minekus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a standardised static in vitro Digestion Method suitable for food an international consensus
Food & Function, 2014Co-Authors: M Minekus, Marie Alminger, Paula Alvito, Simon Ballance, Torsten Bohn, Claire Bourlieu, Frederic Carriere, Rachel BoutrouAbstract:Simulated gastro-intestinal Digestion is widely employed in many fields of food and nutritional sciences, as conducting human trials are often costly, resource intensive, and ethically disputable. As a consequence, in vitro alternatives that determine endpoints such as the bioaccessibility of nutrients and non-nutrients or the digestibility of macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are used for screening and building new hypotheses. Various Digestion models have been proposed, often impeding the possibility to compare results across research teams. For example, a large variety of enzymes from different sources such as of porcine, rabbit or human origin have been used, differing in their activity and characterization. Differences in pH, mineral type, ionic strength and Digestion time, which alter enzyme activity and other phenomena, may also considerably alter results. Other parameters such as the presence of phospholipids, individual enzymes such as gastric lipase and digestive emulsifiers vs. their mixtures (e.g. pancreatin and bile salts), and the ratio of food bolus to digestive fluids, have also been discussed at length. In the present consensus paper, within the COST Infogest network, we propose a general standardised and practical static Digestion Method based on physiologically relevant conditions that can be applied for various endpoints, which may be amended to accommodate further specific requirements. A frameset of parameters including the oral, gastric and small intestinal Digestion are outlined and their relevance discussed in relation to available in vivo data and enzymes. This consensus paper will give a detailed protocol and a line-by-line, guidance, recommendations and justifications but also limitation of the proposed model. This harmonised static, in vitro Digestion Method for food should aid the production of more comparable data in the future.
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A standardised static in vitro Digestion Method suitable for food – an international consensus
Food and Function, 2014Co-Authors: M Minekus, Marie Alminger, Paula Alvito, Simon Ballance, Torsten Bohn, Frederic Carriere, Rachel Boutrou, Claire Bourlieu-lacanal, M. Corredig, Didier DupontAbstract:Simulated gastro-intestinal Digestion is widely employed in many fields of food and nutritional sciences, as conducting human trials are often costly, resource intensive, and ethically disputable. As a consequence, in vitro alternatives that determine endpoints such as the bioaccessibility of nutrients and non-nutrients or the digestibility of macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are used for screening and building new hypotheses. Various Digestion models have been proposed, often impeding the possibility to compare results across research teams. For example, a large variety of enzymes from different sources such as of porcine, rabbit or human origin have been used, differing in their activity and characterization. Differences in pH, mineral type, ionic strength and Digestion time, which alter enzyme activity and other phenomena, may also considerably alter results. Other parameters such as the presence of phospholipids, individual enzymes such as gastric lipase and digestive emulsifiers vs. their mixtures (e.g. pancreatin and bile salts), and the ratio of food bolus to digestive fluids, have also been discussed at length. In the present consensus paper, within the COST Infogest network, we propose a general standardised and practical static Digestion Method based on physiologically relevant conditions that can be applied for various endpoints, which may be amended to accommodate further specific requirements. A frameset of parameters including the oral, gastric and small intestinal Digestion are outlined and their relevance discussed in relation to available in vivo data and enzymes. This consensus paper will give a detailed protocol and a line-by-line, guidance, recommendations and justifications but also limitation of the proposed model. This harmonised static, in vitro Digestion Method for food should aid the production of more comparable data in the future.
Chiengming Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modification of multi walled carbon nanotubes by microwave Digestion Method as electrocatalyst supports for direct methanol fuel cell applications
Electrochemistry Communications, 2007Co-Authors: Chienchung Chen, Chiafu Chen, Chiengming Chen, Fangtzu ChuangAbstract:Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which were directly synthesized on carbon cloth were modified by a microwave Digestion Method in 5 M HNO3 for supporting Pt nanoparticles. The characterizations of modified CNTs were carried out by TEM, XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The HRTEM image shows the caps of MWCNTs are opened after modifying by microwave Digestion Method. The open-end and undamaged MWCNTs can provide a larger surface area for supporting more catalysts. Furthermore, the methanol electrocatalytic oxidation of microwave Digestion treated Pt/MWCNTs electrode shows higher current density than pristine and nitric acid-treated MWCNTs from cyclic voltammograms. This can be an effective and undamaged Method for modifying CNTs. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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purification of multi walled carbon nanotubes by microwave Digestion Method
Diamond and Related Materials, 2004Co-Authors: Chiengming Chen, Mi Chen, Sheng Chuan Wang, Chiafu ChenAbstract:Here developed is an efficient Method for purification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECRCVD). Carbon nanotubes may find their limited use for some applications as they contain a small fraction of metal catalysts in the tubes and tend to have defects along the graphene tube wall. Defects within the multi-walled carbon nanotubes would reduce electrical and structure properties. A two-step acidic treatment in microwave Digestion system is used to dissolve metal catalysts. HNO3 or HCl can rapidly absorb microwave heat and energy and completely dissolve metal, which reside in carbon nanotubes without damage. The processing time of the two-step microwave-assisted and acid-treated time to dissolve metal in the MWCNTs is below 1 h. After purification, the amount of residual catalyst metals in samples is estimated by using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that a high-yield of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with approximately 5% of metal is obtained.