The Experts below are selected from a list of 40275 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Monique Alric - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of artificial Digestive Systems to investigate the biopharmaceutical factors influencing the survival of probiotic yeast during gastrointestinal transit in humans
Pharmaceutical Research, 2012Co-Authors: Stephanie Blanquetdiot, Sylvain Denis, Sandrine Chalancon, Fehd Chaira, Jean-michel Cardot, Monique AlricAbstract:Purpose To evaluate the influence of the main biopharmaceutical factors on the viability of a new probiotic yeast strain, using dynamic in vitro Systems simulating human gastric/small intestinal (TIM) and large intestinal (ARCOL) environments.
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Use of Artificial Digestive Systems to Investigate the Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing the Survival of Probiotic Yeast During Gastrointestinal Transit in Humans
Pharmaceutical Research, 2012Co-Authors: Stéphanie Blanquet-diot, Sylvain Denis, Sandrine Chalancon, Fehd Chaira, Jean-michel Cardot, Monique AlricAbstract:Purpose To evaluate the influence of the main biopharmaceutical factors on the viability of a new probiotic yeast strain, using dynamic in vitro Systems simulating human gastric/small intestinal (TIM) and large intestinal (ARCOL) environments. Methods The viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 throughout the artificial Digestive tract was determined by microbial counting. We investigated the effects of galenic formulation, food intake, dose, mode and frequency of administration on yeast survival rate. Results In both fasted and fed states, yeast viability in the upper Digestive tract was significantly higher when the probiotic was administered in hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) capsules compared to tablets. Food intake led to a delay in yeast release and a two-fold increase in strain survival. Whatever the dose, yeasts were particularly sensitive to the large intestinal environment. High concentrations of probiotic could only be maintained in the colon when it was inoculated twice a day over a 5-h-period. Conclusions TIM and ARCOL are complementary in vitro tools relevant for screening purposes, supplying valuable information on the effects of galenic form, food intake and dose regimen on the viability of probiotics throughout the human Digestive tract.
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recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing p450 in artificial Digestive Systems a model for biodetoxication in the human Digestive environment
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: S Blanquet, Mans Minekus, J P Meunier, S Marolbonnin, Monique AlricAbstract:The use of genetically engineered microorganisms such as bacteria or yeasts as live vehicles to carry out bioconversion directly in the Digestive environment is an important challenge for the development of innovative biodrugs. A system that mimics the human gastrointestinal tract was combined with a computer simulation to evaluate the survival rate and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase activity of a recombinant model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the plant P450 73A1. The yeasts showed a high level of resistance to gastric and small intestinal secretions (survival rate after 4 h of digestion, 95.6% ± 10.1% [n = 4]) but were more sensitive to the colonic conditions (survival rate after 4 h of incubation, 35.9% ± 2.7% [n = 3]). For the first time, the ability of recombinant S. cerevisiae to carry out a bioconversion reaction has been demonstrated throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In the gastric-small intestinal system, 41.0% ± 5.8% (n = 3) of the ingested transcinnamic acid was converted into p-coumaric acid after 4 h of digestion, as well as 8.9% ± 1.6% (n = 3) in the stomach, 13.8% ± 3.3% (n = 3) in the duodenum, 11.8% ± 3.4% (n = 3) in the jejunum, and 6.5% ± 1.0% (n = 3) in the ileum. In the large intestinal system, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase activity was detected but was too weak to be quantified. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae may afford a useful host for the development of biodrugs and may provide an innovative system for the prevention or treatment of diseases that escape classical drug action. In particular, yeasts may provide a suitable vector for biodetoxication in the Digestive environment. Chemicals/CAS: cinnamate 4 monooxygenase, 9077-75-2; cinnamic acid, 4151-45-5, 538-42-1, 621-82-9; cytochrome P450, 9035-51-2; oxygenase, 9037-29-0, 9046-59-7; para coumaric acid, 7400-08-0; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, 9035-51-2; Mixed Function Oxygenases, EC 1.-; Trans-Cinnamate 4-Monooxygenase, EC 1.14.13.11
Joy S Reidenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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specializations of the human upper respiratory and upper Digestive Systems as seen through comparative and developmental anatomy
Dysphagia, 1993Co-Authors: Jeffrey T Laitman, Joy S ReidenbergAbstract:The human upper respiratory, or aeroDigestive, tract serves as the crossroads of our breathing, swallowing and vocalizing pathways. Accordingly, developmental or evolutionary change in any of these functions will, of necessity, affect the others. Our studies have shown that the position in the neck of the mammalian larynx is a major factor in determining function in this region. Most mammals, such as our closest relatives the nonhuman primates, exhibit a larynx positioned high in the neck. This permits an intranarial larynx to be present and creates largely separate respiratory and Digestive routes. While infant humans retain this basic mammalian pattern, developmental descent of the larynx considerably alters this configuration. Adult humans have, accordingly, lost separation of the respiratory and Digestive routes, but have gained an increased supralaryngeal region of the pharynx which allows for the production of the varied sounds of human speech. How this region has changed during human evolution has been difficult to assess due to the absence of preserved soft-tissue structures. Our studies have shown that the relationship between basicranial shape and laryngeal position in living mammals can be a valuable guide to reconstruct the region in ancestral humans. Based on these findings we have examined the basicrania of fossil ancestors—from over two million years ago to near recent times—and have reconstructed the position of the larynx and pharyngeal region in these early forms. This has allowed us insight into how our ancestors may have breathed and swallowed, and when the anatomy necessary for human speech evolved.
Jossi L Kandaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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presentation risk factors for second cancers of the upper respiratory and Digestive Systems a case control study
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1991Co-Authors: Eduardo L Franco, Luiz P Kowalski, Jossi L KandazAbstract:Abstract A case-control study of determinants of multiple cancers of the upper respiratory and Digestive system (URDS) was conducted using a patient cohort-nested design. We analyzed demographic and risk factor information and clinical variables related to the index cancer for 85 cases of multiple cancers and 170 controls matched on sub-site of the index cancer of the case and date of hospital admission. Follow-up information for the control group was used to infer the person-years-at-risk for the cohort of 1977 patients. URDS cancer patients experienced a 10.7 times (95% confidence interval: 8.5–13.2) higher risk of additional related cancers than the general population. Although controls had cancers of the same sites as those of cases and thus, strongly tobacco and alcohol-related, there were marked residual effects for these two risks factors. In addition, characteristics related to the extension and clinical course of the index cancer were strongly associated with the patient's risk of developing additional cancers.
Maria I. Arnone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development and evolution of gut structures: from molecules to function
Cell and Tissue Research, 2019Co-Authors: Rossella Annunziata, Carmen Andrikou, Margherita Perillo, Claudia Cuomo, Maria I. ArnoneAbstract:The emergence of a specialized system for food digestion and nutrient absorption was a crucial innovation for multicellular organisms. Digestive Systems with different levels of complexity evolved in different animals, with the endoderm-derived one-way gut of most bilaterians to be the prevailing and more specialized form. While the molecular events regulating the early phases of embryonic tissue specification have been deeply investigated in animals occupying different phylogenetic positions, the mechanisms underlying gut patterning and gut-associated structures differentiation are still mostly obscure. In this review, we describe the main discoveries in gut and gut-associated structures development in echinoderm larvae (mainly for sea urchin and, when available, for sea star) and compare them with existing information in vertebrates. An impressive degree of conservation emerges when comparing the transcription factor toolkits recruited for gut cells and tissue differentiation in animals as diverse as echinoderms and vertebrates, thus suggesting that their function emerged in the deuterostome ancestor.
Jeffrey T Laitman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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specializations of the human upper respiratory and upper Digestive Systems as seen through comparative and developmental anatomy
Dysphagia, 1993Co-Authors: Jeffrey T Laitman, Joy S ReidenbergAbstract:The human upper respiratory, or aeroDigestive, tract serves as the crossroads of our breathing, swallowing and vocalizing pathways. Accordingly, developmental or evolutionary change in any of these functions will, of necessity, affect the others. Our studies have shown that the position in the neck of the mammalian larynx is a major factor in determining function in this region. Most mammals, such as our closest relatives the nonhuman primates, exhibit a larynx positioned high in the neck. This permits an intranarial larynx to be present and creates largely separate respiratory and Digestive routes. While infant humans retain this basic mammalian pattern, developmental descent of the larynx considerably alters this configuration. Adult humans have, accordingly, lost separation of the respiratory and Digestive routes, but have gained an increased supralaryngeal region of the pharynx which allows for the production of the varied sounds of human speech. How this region has changed during human evolution has been difficult to assess due to the absence of preserved soft-tissue structures. Our studies have shown that the relationship between basicranial shape and laryngeal position in living mammals can be a valuable guide to reconstruct the region in ancestral humans. Based on these findings we have examined the basicrania of fossil ancestors—from over two million years ago to near recent times—and have reconstructed the position of the larynx and pharyngeal region in these early forms. This has allowed us insight into how our ancestors may have breathed and swallowed, and when the anatomy necessary for human speech evolved.