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Wu Yi-rong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Construction Scheme of Digital Community Based on Internet of Things
    Computer Engineering, 2011
    Co-Authors: Wu Yi-rong
    Abstract:

    This paper proposes a scheme to construct Digital Community based on the Internet of Things(IOT) to meet the need of the practical application.The scheme concludes technical framework improvements of the IoT for application,discussion of the networking mechanisms,implementations of technical details and design of network nodes.It presents a multi-frequency-multi-structure network architecture.Test results of typical application parameters show that the practical application of the scheme in Digital Community is feasible.

Makoto Nishibe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Special issue “New Possibility of Cryptocurrencies and Digital-Community Currencies”
    Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 2020
    Co-Authors: Makoto Nishibe
    Abstract:

    This special issue features the theme “New Possibilities of Cryptocurrencies and Digital-Community Currencies” by collecting five articles presented at RAMICS2019 held in Hida-Takayama, Japan. Community currencies, which can be understood as integrative communication media combining the economic domain and the social-cultural domain, have been actively practiced since the 1980s in Europe and North America and the late 1990s in Japan. Due to the progress of Blockchain/DLT, and QR code payment technologies and the diffusion of smartphones, cryptocurrencies and Digital-Community currencies (DCCs), in which the vision of CCs and the technology of cryptocurrencies are fused, have rapidly increased their presence and coexisted with national currencies as legal tender. The striking example of this trend is Facebook’s new Digital coin called “Libra.” It can be understood not just as a blockchain-based stable coin for global payment system backed by multinational currencies, but also as a vast glocal Digital-Community currency to empower its billions of members larger than any national currency. To fully understand the new possibilities of cryptocurrencies and DCCs, we must reconsider the nature of currently dominant national currencies, particularly central banknotes, in the world. Controversially, inconvertible central banknotes are IOU entered on the liability side of the balance sheet of the central bank, but are also cash on the asset side of the balance sheets of all other economic agents. Tracing back the evolution of money, we conceive them as ‘informational money’ that integrates the properties of both material money and credit money. Their asset value is not endured as compulsory power forced by the laws of the state, but as self-generating purchasing power created by non-material self-fulfilling ideas such as custom and expectations. For CCs and Libra to persist, it is necessary to tempt users to follow the rules of self-fulfilling enjoyment or share to the future projection different from those of custom and expectations. The defect of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) lies in overestimation of strength of self-generating value of central banknotes and neglecting the present trend of diffusing private money.

  • the present and future of Digital Community currencies ramics 2019 in hida takayama keynote speech
    Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 2020
    Co-Authors: Makoto Nishibe
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we consider what globalization means in the deepest sense and traced back the recent trends of socio-economic and technological changes in the 21st century, and try to figure out what is the new possibility of Community currencies. Modern financial capitalism only seeking more profits in free investment creates such problems as disparities of income and assets, unequal opportunities, dissolution of communities. Modern Community currencies emerged and diffused mainly in developed countries in the 1980s. They were expected to solve such problems caused by globalization in modern capitalism but never succeeded in terms of scale and sustainability because of high administrative costs and low motivation of participants. Recent Digital technologies such as blockchain, mining, proof of work and QR code scanning that are used in Digital payment and cryptocurrencies have opened up a wide range of non-fiat, decentralized private money and created new possibilities for Community currencies. Such technologies have both positive and negative effects on natural, ecological and cultural environments surrounding us. They also have changed the basic concepts of a geographically ‘local Community’ to a virtual ‘Community of interest’ in value space. If we are aware of such aspects, we can make the best use of Digital-Community Currencies assisted by ICT and AI for creating a diverse, decentralized, and sustainable socio-economy. In diversity and evolution of money, the principle that ‘Good money drives out bad’ holds. We must find the criteria for ‘good money’ in terms of quality in a trial–error process through competition, because it is not as given.

  • The present and future of Digital-Community currencies: RAMICS 2019 in Hida–Takayama keynote speech
    Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 2020
    Co-Authors: Makoto Nishibe
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we consider what globalization means in the deepest sense and traced back the recent trends of socio-economic and technological changes in the 21st century, and try to figure out what is the new possibility of Community currencies. Modern financial capitalism only seeking more profits in free investment creates such problems as disparities of income and assets, unequal opportunities, dissolution of communities. Modern Community currencies emerged and diffused mainly in developed countries in the 1980s. They were expected to solve such problems caused by globalization in modern capitalism but never succeeded in terms of scale and sustainability because of high administrative costs and low motivation of participants. Recent Digital technologies such as blockchain, mining, proof of work and QR code scanning that are used in Digital payment and cryptocurrencies have opened up a wide range of non-fiat, decentralized private money and created new possibilities for Community currencies. Such technologies have both positive and negative effects on natural, ecological and cultural environments surrounding us. They also have changed the basic concepts of a geographically ‘local Community’ to a virtual ‘Community of interest’ in value space. If we are aware of such aspects, we can make the best use of Digital-Community Currencies assisted by ICT and AI for creating a diverse, decentralized, and sustainable socio-economy. In diversity and evolution of money, the principle that ‘Good money drives out bad’ holds. We must find the criteria for ‘good money’ in terms of quality in a trial–error process through competition, because it is not as given.

  • Special issue “New Possibility of Cryptocurrencies and Digital-Community Currencies”
    Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 2020
    Co-Authors: Makoto Nishibe
    Abstract:

    This special issue features the theme “New Possibilities of Cryptocurrencies and Digital-Community Currencies” by collecting five articles presented at RAMICS2019 held in Hida-Takayama, Japan. Community currencies, which can be understood as integrative communication media combining the economic domain and the social-cultural domain, have been actively practiced since the 1980s in Europe and North America and the late 1990s in Japan. Due to the progress of Blockchain/DLT, and QR code payment technologies and the diffusion of smartphones, cryptocurrencies and Digital-Community currencies (DCCs), in which the vision of CCs and the technology of cryptocurrencies are fused, have rapidly increased their presence and coexisted with national currencies as legal tender. The striking example of this trend is Facebook’s new Digital coin called “Libra.” It can be understood not just as a blockchain-based stable coin for global payment system backed by multinational currencies, but also as a vast glocal Digital-Community currency to empower its billions of members larger than any national currency. To fully understand the new possibilities of cryptocurrencies and DCCs, we must reconsider the nature of currently dominant national currencies, particularly central banknotes, in the world. Controversially, inconvertible central banknotes are IOU entered on the liability side of the balance sheet of the central bank, but are also cash on the asset side of the balance sheets of all other economic agents. Tracing back the evolution of money, we conceive them as ‘informational money’ that integrates the properties of both material money and credit money. Their asset value is not endured as compulsory power forced by the laws of the state, but as self-generating purchasing power created by non-material self-fulfilling ideas such as custom and expectations. For CCs and Libra to persist, it is necessary to tempt users to follow the rules of self-fulfilling enjoyment or share to the future projection different from those of custom and expectations. The defect of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) lies in overestimation of strength of self-generating value of central banknotes and neglecting the present trend of diffusing private money.

  • Good money drives out bad: Introduction to the featured section on “The evolution of diverse e-money: Digital-Community currencies and cryptocurrencies”*
    The Japanese Political Economy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Makoto Nishibe
    Abstract:

    This article introduces the special issue featuring “The evolution of diverse e-money: Digital-Community currencies and cryptocurrencies,” and argue on diversity and evolution of modern money, incl...

Nimrod Talmon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sybil-Resilient, Egalitarian and Just Digital Currency
    arXiv: Social and Information Networks, 2020
    Co-Authors: Avigail Gurin-schleifer, Ouri Poupko, Ehud Shapiro, Nimrod Talmon
    Abstract:

    We envision a self-sovereign, grassroots, Digital Community that grows in a bottom up, decentralized manner, and aim to integrate for it the following previously-proposed building blocks: a mechanism that accepts members into the Community while keeping a bounded number of sybils; Digital social contracts that define the possible interactions of a Community bounded by such a contract; a design for a fault-tolerant distributed ledger implementation of Digital social contracts; and a Digital social contract for the egalitarian and just minting of Digital currency, which also offers a form of universal basic income. We augment these building blocks with a mechanism that allows the Community to maintain sovereignty over the economy, by making it sybil-resilient. To do so, we assume that the Community has the means for exposing sybils and we extend the basic egalitarian currency Digital social contract with means to balance the economy so that money minted by sybils is eventually retrieved and burned. This leads---asymptotically---to distributive justice among the genuine agents, with the amount of money minted being equal to the number of genuine agents, multiplied by the time each agent was a member of the Community. We then argue that this approach constitutes a mechanism that deters the creation of sybils and incentivizes sybil hunting.

  • Building a Sybil-Resilient Digital Community Utilizing Trust-Graph Connectivity
    arXiv: Social and Information Networks, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ouri Poupko, Ehud Shapiro, Gal Shahaf, Nimrod Talmon
    Abstract:

    Preventing fake or duplicate Digital identities (aka sybils) from joining a Digital Community may be crucial to its survival, especially if it utilizes a consensus protocol among its members or employs democratic governance, where sybils can undermine consensus, tilt decisions, or even take over. Here, we explore the use of a trust-graph of identities, with edges representing trust among identity owners, to allow a Community to grow indefinitely without increasing its sybil penetration. Since identities are admitted to the Digital Community based on their trust by existing Digital Community members, corrupt identities, which may trust sybils, also pose a threat to the Digital Community. Sybils and their corrupt perpetrators are together referred to as byzantines, and the overarching aim is to limit their penetration into a Digital Community. We propose two alternative tools to achieve this goal. One is graph conductance, which works under the assumption that honest people are averse to corrupt ones and tend to distrust them. The second is vertex expansion, which relies on the assumption that there are not too many corrupt identities in the Community. Of particular interest is keeping the fraction of byzantines below one third, as it would allow the use of Byzantine Agreement [15] for consensus as well as for sybil-resilient social choice [19]. This paper considers incrementally growing a trust graph and shows that, under its key assumptions and additional requirements, including keeping the conductance or vertex expansion of the Community trust graph sufficiently high, a Community may grow safely, indefinitely.

Les Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Information Flows in a Gallery-Work-Entertainment Space: The Effect of a Digital Bulletin Board on Social Encounters
    Human Organization, 2009
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth F. Churchill, Les Nelson
    Abstract:

    Digital media displays are increasingly common in public spaces. Typically, these are minimally interactive and predominantly function as signage or advertisements. However, in our work we have been exploring how Digital media public displays can be designed to facilitate Community content sharing in civic buildings, in organizations, and at social gatherings like conferences. While most of our installations have been within fairly formal, professional settings, in this paper we address the impact of a Digital Community display on interactions between the inhabitants of a neighborhood art gallery and cafe. We describe the location, the display itself, and the underlying content distribution and publication infrastructure. Findings from qualitative and quantitative analyses before and after the installation demonstrate that patrons easily adopted use of the display, which was used frequently to find out more about cafe/gallery events and for playful exchanges. However, despite the enthusiasm of patrons and...

  • Multimedia fliers: information sharing with Digital Community bulletin boards
    Communities and Technologies, 2003
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth F. Churchill, Les Nelson, Laurent Denoue
    Abstract:

    Community poster boards serve an important Community building function. Posted fliers advertise services, events and people's interests, and invite Community members to communicate, participate, interact and transact. In this paper we describe the design, development and deployment of several large screen, Digital Community poster boards, the Plasma Posters, within our organization. We present our motivation, two fleldwork studies of online and offline information sharing, and design guidelines derived from our observations. After introducing the Plasma Posters and the underlying information storage and distribution infrastructure, we illustrate their use and value within our organization, summarizing findings from qualitative and quantitative evaluations. We conclude by elaborating socio-technical challenges we have faced in our design and deployment process.

Hiroshi Hoshino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Digital Cities - Feasibility Study of Digital Community through Virtual Enterprise Network
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Kikuko Harada, Hiroshi Hoshino
    Abstract:

    A Digital Community emerges from a virtually created network Community and is expected to change according to the needs of real human Community. An ideal Digital Community is built on harmonized relations between virtual and real communities, and should be a common place for which its participants feel both ownership and liability.Japan Network of Virtual Companies (JNVC) is a simulated business training program. JNVC provides its members with an enterprise Community in which educational institutions of all levels can participate, under the precondition that people from businesses in the local region are involved in the virtual company's operations.This paper outlines the result of a feasibility experiment on how interaction between real and virtual communities is affected by the virtual enterprise network. How does this contribute to a strengthening of the local Community network? We argue how a Digital Community like JNVC can make participants aware of the resources they have, how it may promote their ownership and liabilities toward their local Community, and whether it has an impact on the development of the social infrastructure in the local Community.