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S. M. Anika - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Efficacy of Diminazene Aceturate with and without Levamisole or Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Reducing Organ Weight and Parasitemia in T. congolense Infected Rats
    2012
    Co-Authors: Ki Eghianruwa, S. M. Anika
    Abstract:

    The efficacies of Diminazene Aceturate alone and in separate combinations with levamisole and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in the treatment of T. congolense infection in rats were assessed on day 7 post infection and days 7 and 14 post treatment using changes in the weights and histology of the liver, spleen, heart and brain as well as parasitemia as parameters. Infected rats were treated with 7.0 mg/kg Diminazene Aceturate on day 7 post infection following which DMSO (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, respectively) and levamisole (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) were administered as daily supplements to different groups of rats. Trypanosoma congolense only caused significant increase in spleen weight. There were no histopathological lesions in any organ. Infection had no effect on heart weight. Liver and spleen weights were lower in the Diminazene group by day 7 Post Treatment (PT), but this situation was reversed by day 14 PT. Increase in the dose of DMSO caused increased liver weight. Diminazene/DMSO combination was more effective at 14 days PT in reducing spleen weight than treatment with Diminazene alone. On the contrary, Diminazene/levamisole combination was less effective than Diminazene alone in reducing spleen weight. Parasites disappeared after Diminazene treatment but reappeared only in the Diminazene and levamisole groups by day 14 PT. Early relapse and high virulence of the Basa strainof T. congolense used may be responsible for the ineffectiveness of the three treatment protocols.

  • The effects of selenium and tocopherol supplementation on the The effects of selenium and tocopherol supplementation on the effi cacy of Diminazene Aceturate in reversing effi cacy of Diminazene Aceturate in reversing T. brucei
    2011
    Co-Authors: Kingsley I. Eghianruwa, Silvanus M. Anika, S. M. Anika Eghianruwa, S. M. Anika
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the separate infl uence of selenium or tocopherol supplementation on the effi cacy This study investigated the separate infl uence of selenium or tocopherol supplementation on the effi cacy of Diminazene Aceturate in reversing the anemia caused by of Diminazene Aceturate in reversing the anemia caused by Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma brucei infection in rats. Changes in infection in rats. Changes in PCV, hemoglobin and RBC on day 7 post infection and days 7, 14 and 21 post treatment with Diminazene PCV, hemoglobin and RBC on day 7 post infection and days 7, 14 and 21 post treatment with Diminazene Aceturate at 7 mg/kg BW were evaluated. Hemoglobin concentration attained the highest level in the Diminazene/ Aceturate at 7 mg/kg BW were evaluated. Hemoglobin concentration attained the highest level in the Diminazene/ tocopherol group by day 7 PT compared to the Diminazene/selenium and Diminazene groups. The mean PCV in tocopherol group by day 7 PT compared to the Diminazene/selenium and Diminazene groups. The mean PCV in the Diminazene/tocopherol and Diminazene/selenium groups were signifi cantly higher than the PCV recorded in the Diminazene/tocopherol and Diminazene/selenium groups were signifi cantly higher than the PCV recorded in the Diminazene group on day 7 PT. Hematological parameters (PCV, Hb and RBC) maintained upward trends in the Diminazene group on day 7 PT. Hematological parameters (PCV, Hb and RBC) maintained upward trends in the Diminazene and Diminazene/selenium groups with the values of PCV, Hb and RBC becoming higher in the the Diminazene and Diminazene/selenium groups with the values of PCV, Hb and RBC becoming higher in the Diminazene/selenium groups, but values declined in the Diminazene/tocopherol groups by day 14 and 21 PT. The Diminazene/selenium groups, but values declined in the Diminazene/tocopherol groups by day 14 and 21 PT. The higher levels of hematological parameters in the antioxidant supplemented groups within the fi rst week showed that higher levels of hematological parameters in the antioxidant supplemented groups within the fi rst week showed that antioxidant supplementation led to the more rapid return of these parameters to normal. The results indicate that a antioxidant supplementation led to the more rapid return of these parameters to normal. The results indicate that a trypanocide/antioxidant combination may have signifi cant therapeutic application in trypanosomosis. trypanocide/antioxidant combination may have signifi cant therapeutic application in trypanosomosis.

  • The effects of selenium and tocopherol supplementation on the effificacy of Diminazene Aceturate in reversing T. brucei-induced anemia in rats.
    Veterinarski Arhiv, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ki Eghianruwa, S. M. Anika
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the separate infl uence of selenium or tocopherol supplementation on the effi cacy of Diminazene Aceturate in reversing the anemia caused by Trypanosoma brucei infection in rats. Changes in PCV, hemoglobin and RBC on day 7 post infection and days 7, 14 and 21 post treatment with Diminazene Aceturate at 7 mg/kg BW were evaluated. Hemoglobin concentration attained the highest level in the Diminazene/ tocopherol group by day 7 PT compared to the Diminazene/selenium and Diminazene groups. The mean PCV in the Diminazene/tocopherol and Diminazene/selenium groups were signifi cantly higher than the PCV recorded in the Diminazene group on day 7 PT. Hematological parameters (PCV, Hb and RBC) maintained upward trends in the Diminazene and Diminazene/selenium groups with the values of PCV, Hb and RBC becoming higher in the Diminazene/selenium groups, but values declined in the Diminazene/tocopherol groups by day 14 and 21 PT. The higher levels of hematological parameters in the antioxidant supplemented groups within the fi rst week showed that antioxidant supplementation led to the more rapid return of these parameters to normal. The results indicate that a trypanocide/antioxidant combination may have signifi cant therapeutic application in trypanosomosis.

  • Leucocytic Response In Pigs Experimentally Infected With Trypanosoma brucei and Subsequently Treated With Diffluoromethylornithine (DFMO) alone and in Combination with Diminazene Aceturate
    Tropical veterinarian, 2004
    Co-Authors: Gi Jibike, S. M. Anika
    Abstract:

    The effect of dl-%- Diffluoromethylornithine (DFMO) alone and its combination with Diminazene Aceturate (Berenil®) treatments on the leucocytic response of T.b. brucei infected pigs was investigated. Weaning pigs were experimentally infected with T. b. brucei and monitored pre and post treatment with the test drugs for parasitaemia and leucogramic changes. The infection caused overall increases in leucocyte numbers which remained high even after treatment. The leucocytosis was characterized by lymphocytosis which did not normalize with treatment, neutropaenia which rose to pre-infection level with treatments, eosinophilia and monocytosis which slowly returned to pre-infection values following treatments. It is concluded that pigs's response to T.b. bruce i infections may include a lymphocyte dominated leucocytosis which is partially sensitive to DFMO or its combination with Berenil® treatments. Key Words: Trypanosoma brucei, pigs, diffluoromethylornithine, Diminazene Aceturate. Trop. Vet. Vol. 21: (4) 192-199 (2003)

  • The effects of hyperosmolar agents lithium chloride and sucrose on the brain concentration of Diminazene Aceturate in rats
    Acta Tropica, 1995
    Co-Authors: I.e. Odika, Isaac Uzoma Asuzu, S. M. Anika
    Abstract:

    The concentrations of Diminazene Aceturate in the brain of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected and uninfected rats treated with Diminazene Aceturate (3.1 mg/kg, im) and either LiCl (2.5, 5.0 and 10 μg/kg) or sucrose (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) were determined. When Diminazene Aceturate was administered at a standard dose of 3.1 mg/kg (im), the addition of LiCl (10 μg/kg, im) increased significantly (P < 0.05) the concentration of the drug in the brains of both trypanosome infected and normal infected rats. The addition of sucrose (1.0 g/kg, im) instead of LiCl failed to give any significant increase in Diminazene Aceturate levels in the brain. The Diminazene Aceturate levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the organs (brain, kidney, liver and spleen) of trypanosome infected compared to uninfected rats. The concentration of Diminazene Aceturate in the organs increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of LiCl.

P.a. Onyeyili - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Diminazene Aceturate residues in tissues of dogs treated with secnidazole-Diminazene Aceturate combination and with Diminazene Aceturate alone
    Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2017
    Co-Authors: I.g. Eke, U.u. Eze, T.a. Ezeudu, I. O. Ezeh, A.o. Anaga, P.a. Onyeyili
    Abstract:

    Dimninazene Aceturate concentration in plasma and residues in tissues of dogs treated with secnidazole-Diminazene Aceturate combination and with Diminazene Aceturate alone was investigated in apparently healthy dogs. Fourteen apparently healthy dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups. The first group consisted of 6 dogs pre-treated with 100 mg/kg secnidazole (SEC) orally 30 min before administration of 3.5 mg/kg Diminazene Aceturate (DA) im. The second group consisted of 6 dogs treated with 3.5 mg/kg DA im alone, while the third group had 2 dogs untreated and used to prepare the control tissues and standards. Blood samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 h post-administration of DA and serum harvested for estimation of DA concentrations in the serum. For estimation of DA residues in tissues, 2 dogs were sacrificed in each group at 240, 360 and 480 h post-administration of the drugs. Ten grams of tissue samples (liver, kidney, brain, heart and skeletal muscle) were collected in triplicate. Intramuscular administration of DA, led to detectable and measurable levels of DA up to 72 h in the serum of both groups of dogs. However, there was no significant difference in the serum concentration of DA in both groups of dogs from 24 – 72 h. The concentration of DA was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the brain of SEC pre-treated dogs at 240 h. In the kidney and liver, DA concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SEC pre-treated dogs at 480 h. There was no significant difference in the DA concentration in the myocardium and skeletal muscles of both groups of dogs. We therefore concluded that DA persists in the tissues of treated dogs beyond 20 days post-treatment and that SEC alters the elimination pattern of DA in SEC pre-treated dogs. Keywords: Combination, Diminazene Aceturate, Dogs, Secnidazole, Tissue residues

  • Diminazene Aceturate resistance on the virulence of Trypanosoma brucei for rats.
    Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2005
    Co-Authors: T.n. Egbe-nwiyi, I O Igbokwe, P.a. Onyeyili
    Abstract:

    Summary Four groups (A, B, C and D) of 10 naive rats were used to compare the virulence of isolates of a strain of Trypanosoma brucei before and after the development of Diminazene Aceturate resistance. Group A rats were uninfected (controls). Group B rats were infected with a trypanosome isolate unexposed to the drug, while groups C and D rats were infected with two different drug-resistant isolates of the same strain. Rats in the three infected groups each received 106 trypanosomes intraperitoneally. Prepatent periods were longer (P

  • the pathogenicity of Diminazene Aceturate resistant trypanosoma brucei in rats after treatment with the drug
    Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2003
    Co-Authors: T N Egbenwiyi, I O Igbokwe, P.a. Onyeyili
    Abstract:

    Four groups (A, B, C and D) of 10 rats were used to determine the effect of comparatively high doses of Diminazene Aceturate on Diminazene Aceturate-resistant Trypanosoma brucei and the pathogenic effect of relapse infection. Group A rats were uninfected (controls) while group B, C and D rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0·5×106 Diminazene Aceturate-resistant T. brucei and treated with Diminazene Aceturate at 14·0, 17·5 and 21·0 mg/kg body weight, respectively, on day 14 post-infection (PI) as a single intraperitoneal injection. Prepatent periods and also levels of parasitaemia were comparable in groups B, C and D. Packed cell volume (PCV) decreased in the infected groups by day 14 PI and returned to pre-infection values by day 63 post-treatment (PT). Anaemia was comparable in groups B, C and D. Relapse parasitaemia occurred in six rats in group B on day 70 PT and in five rats in each of groups C and D on day 77 PT. The PCV of the rats with relapse infection decreased progressively up to day 105 PT, when the experiment was terminated, whereas the PCV of rats without relapse did not. The levels of anaemia and parasitaemia on day 14 post-relapse were significantly higher (P<0·05) than the levels obtained on day 14 PI in the same animals. Thus, comparatively high doses of Diminazene Aceturate failed to cure drug-resistant T. brucei infection in 50–60% of infected rats and relapse infections were more severe than the primary infections before treatment.

  • The pathogenicity of Diminazene Aceturate-resistant Trypanosoma brucei in rats after treatment with the drug.
    Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2003
    Co-Authors: T.n. Egbe-nwiyi, I O Igbokwe, P.a. Onyeyili
    Abstract:

    Four groups (A, B, C and D) of 10 rats were used to determine the effect of comparatively high doses of Diminazene Aceturate on Diminazene Aceturate-resistant Trypanosoma brucei and the pathogenic effect of relapse infection. Group A rats were uninfected (controls) while group B, C and D rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0·5×106 Diminazene Aceturate-resistant T. brucei and treated with Diminazene Aceturate at 14·0, 17·5 and 21·0 mg/kg body weight, respectively, on day 14 post-infection (PI) as a single intraperitoneal injection. Prepatent periods and also levels of parasitaemia were comparable in groups B, C and D. Packed cell volume (PCV) decreased in the infected groups by day 14 PI and returned to pre-infection values by day 63 post-treatment (PT). Anaemia was comparable in groups B, C and D. Relapse parasitaemia occurred in six rats in group B on day 70 PT and in five rats in each of groups C and D on day 77 PT. The PCV of the rats with relapse infection decreased progressively up to day 105 PT, when the experiment was terminated, whereas the PCV of rats without relapse did not. The levels of anaemia and parasitaemia on day 14 post-relapse were significantly higher (P

  • Diminazene Aceturate residues in the tissues of healthy, Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected dogs.
    British Veterinary Journal, 1991
    Co-Authors: P.a. Onyeyili, S. M. Anika
    Abstract:

    The tissue distribution and residue profile of Diminazene Aceturate was investigated in healthy dogs and in dogs infected with Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The drug was administered at 3.5 mg/kg i.m. and tissue samples were taken post mortem from the animals at 48, 72, 120, 168 and 240 h after injection. The drug was distributed to various organs and tissues of the body with the highest concentrations occurring in liver and kidney. Higher drug levels were obtained in the tissues of healthy dogs compared with trypanosome infected animals except in the brain. The levels of residues in the healthy animals were significantly different (P < 0.05) from those of the infected dogs. The drug residues were still detectable in the tissues of the animals 10 days after drug administration.

R.c. Ezeokonkwo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Azithromycin and Diminazene Aceturate Combination Therapy in Experimental Multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection in Albino Rats
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2020
    Co-Authors: C. F., I. O. Ezeh, I. K. Idika, Michael Ikenna Okpala, Nnamdi Mbe, Lotanna Gilbert Nwobi, R.c. Ezeokonkwo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Azithromycin and Diminazene Aceturate combination therapy in experimental multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in albino rats was evaluated. A total of forty-five female albino rats were used. These rats were randomly assigned to nine groups of five rats each. Group 1 was the uninfected-untreated group while groups 2 - 6 were infected with 1 × 106 trypanosomes suspended in 0.3 ml of normal saline intraperitoneally. Following infection and parasitaemia, group 2 was untreated while group 3 was treated once with 7 mg/kg Diminazene Aceturate. Groups 4 - 6 were treated with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg azithromycin respectively for 7 days. Groups 7 - 9 were treated with combination of 7 mg/kg Diminazene Aceturate (DA) once and 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg azithromycin (AZT) respectively for 7 days. Level of parasitaemia, haematological indices (packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), survivability, body weight and rectal temperature were used to assess the effectiveness of the combination therapy. A significant reduction in parasitaemia levels was observed in the DA-treated group and AZT-treated group 6 while clearance of parasitaemia was observed in the DA-AZT treated groups 7 – 9 for periods between 1 and 5 days post treatment. The haematological indices and survivability of the DA-AZT treated groups were better than the DA-treated group despite the relapse recorded in those groups. One rat each in the DA-AZT combination groups survived till the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the DA-AZT combination treatment can be used as a possible adjunct to DA in the treatment of multidrug-resistant T. brucei brucei. The combination also enhanced survivability and decreased the effect of the disease in rats.

  • Diminazene Aceturate experimental repeat treatments in albino rats: efficacy and clinico-pathologic considerations
    Comparative Haematology International, 2019
    Co-Authors: I. O. Ezeh, Nnenna E. Ugwu, Vivian O. Enemuo, Micheal I. Okpala, C. F., C.n. Iheagwam, R.c. Ezeokonkwo
    Abstract:

    To determine the clinico-pathologic effects, safety and efficacy of Diminazene Aceturate repeat treatments, thirty adult albino rats were randomly assigned into six groups (A–F) of five rats each. Groups A–D were infected with 1.0 × 106 trypanosomes, while groups E and F served as uninfected controls. Groups A–E were treated once with 7 mg/kg Dinazene® on day 11 post-infection. Treatments were repeated once, twice and thrice in groups B–D respectively at 7 days interval. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and conjugated bilirubin were assayed bi-weekly. Parasitaemia level was also monitored. An average pre-patent period of 7 days was recorded. Relapse infection was recorded on days 24, 31 and 24 following first, second and third treatments for groups A, B and C respectively. The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, conjugated bilirubin and creatinine of the infected and repeatedly treated groups did not differ significantly from those of the control groups except for the groups in which relapse infection occurred. It was concluded that repeat treatments using 7 mg/kg Diminazene Aceturate was safe and protected against relapse after the fourth consecutive treatments.

  • Effects of Trypanosoma brucei infection and Diminazene Aceturate therapy on testicular morphology and function of Nigerian local dogs.
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2013
    Co-Authors: C. F., I. O. Ezeh, Ri Obidike, Valentine Uneojo Omoja, C.n. Iheagwam, I. K. Idika, R.c. Ezeokonkwo
    Abstract:

    Abstract The effects of Trypanosoma brucei infection on testicular morphology and function and the changes associated with treatment of infected dogs with Diminazene Aceturate were studied using fifteen Nigerian adult male dogs. The dogs were randomly assigned into three groups A, B and C consisting of five dogs each. Groups A and B were infected with 1 × 10 6 trypanosomes and group C was the uninfected control. Following infection, parasitaemia levels were monitored daily whereas the rectal temperature, body weight, packed cell volume, scrotal circumference and serum testosterone levels were monitored weekly. At parasitaemia peak, dogs in group A were orchidectomised while dogs in group B were treated with 7.0 mg/kg body weight of Diminazene Aceturate (DA). Dogs in groups B and C were later orchidectomised on day 73 of the experiment. The harvested testes and epididymides were weighed and the epididymal sperm reserves of all the dogs determined. Also the sperm quality (mass activity, sperm motility and sperm morphology) were determined. The testes were sectioned after processing and studied histomorphologically. Acute trypanosomosis was observed following infection. The low serum testosterone levels observed from day 14 post infection (pi) gradually improved following treatment. Testicular weight, epididymal weight and sperm quality were significantly low ( p T. brucei adversely affected testicular morphology and function. Treatment with Diminazene Aceturate reversed the reproductive abnormalities caused by the parasite.

I. O. Ezeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Azithromycin and Diminazene Aceturate Combination Therapy in Experimental Multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection in Albino Rats
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2020
    Co-Authors: C. F., I. O. Ezeh, I. K. Idika, Michael Ikenna Okpala, Nnamdi Mbe, Lotanna Gilbert Nwobi, R.c. Ezeokonkwo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Azithromycin and Diminazene Aceturate combination therapy in experimental multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in albino rats was evaluated. A total of forty-five female albino rats were used. These rats were randomly assigned to nine groups of five rats each. Group 1 was the uninfected-untreated group while groups 2 - 6 were infected with 1 × 106 trypanosomes suspended in 0.3 ml of normal saline intraperitoneally. Following infection and parasitaemia, group 2 was untreated while group 3 was treated once with 7 mg/kg Diminazene Aceturate. Groups 4 - 6 were treated with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg azithromycin respectively for 7 days. Groups 7 - 9 were treated with combination of 7 mg/kg Diminazene Aceturate (DA) once and 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg azithromycin (AZT) respectively for 7 days. Level of parasitaemia, haematological indices (packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), survivability, body weight and rectal temperature were used to assess the effectiveness of the combination therapy. A significant reduction in parasitaemia levels was observed in the DA-treated group and AZT-treated group 6 while clearance of parasitaemia was observed in the DA-AZT treated groups 7 – 9 for periods between 1 and 5 days post treatment. The haematological indices and survivability of the DA-AZT treated groups were better than the DA-treated group despite the relapse recorded in those groups. One rat each in the DA-AZT combination groups survived till the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the DA-AZT combination treatment can be used as a possible adjunct to DA in the treatment of multidrug-resistant T. brucei brucei. The combination also enhanced survivability and decreased the effect of the disease in rats.

  • Diminazene Aceturate experimental repeat treatments in albino rats: efficacy and clinico-pathologic considerations
    Comparative Haematology International, 2019
    Co-Authors: I. O. Ezeh, Nnenna E. Ugwu, Vivian O. Enemuo, Micheal I. Okpala, C. F., C.n. Iheagwam, R.c. Ezeokonkwo
    Abstract:

    To determine the clinico-pathologic effects, safety and efficacy of Diminazene Aceturate repeat treatments, thirty adult albino rats were randomly assigned into six groups (A–F) of five rats each. Groups A–D were infected with 1.0 × 106 trypanosomes, while groups E and F served as uninfected controls. Groups A–E were treated once with 7 mg/kg Dinazene® on day 11 post-infection. Treatments were repeated once, twice and thrice in groups B–D respectively at 7 days interval. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and conjugated bilirubin were assayed bi-weekly. Parasitaemia level was also monitored. An average pre-patent period of 7 days was recorded. Relapse infection was recorded on days 24, 31 and 24 following first, second and third treatments for groups A, B and C respectively. The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, conjugated bilirubin and creatinine of the infected and repeatedly treated groups did not differ significantly from those of the control groups except for the groups in which relapse infection occurred. It was concluded that repeat treatments using 7 mg/kg Diminazene Aceturate was safe and protected against relapse after the fourth consecutive treatments.

  • reduced fasting blood glucose levels following relapse in Diminazene Aceturate dinazene treated trypanosoma brucei infected albino rats
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2019
    Co-Authors: I. O. Ezeh, Nnenna E. Ugwu, Vivian O. Enemuo, Micheal I. Okpala, C F Obi, Romanus Ezeokonkwo
    Abstract:

    The blood glucose levels of rats were assessed following experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection and Diminazene Aceturate treatment. Ten adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into two groups of five rats each. Group A were infected with 106 trypanosomes while group B served as the uninfected control group. Group A rats were treated with 7 mg/kg Dinazene® (Diminazene Aceturate) at the peak of parasitaemia. Blood glucose level was assayed weekly while parasitaemia level was assessed daily. The blood glucose levels of the infected rats did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) from that of control group except following relapse when the values became significantly (P < 0.05) low. The implications of blood glucose reduction following relapse infection in rats is therefore highlighted and discussed.

  • Diminazene Aceturate residues in tissues of dogs treated with secnidazole-Diminazene Aceturate combination and with Diminazene Aceturate alone
    Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2017
    Co-Authors: I.g. Eke, U.u. Eze, T.a. Ezeudu, I. O. Ezeh, A.o. Anaga, P.a. Onyeyili
    Abstract:

    Dimninazene Aceturate concentration in plasma and residues in tissues of dogs treated with secnidazole-Diminazene Aceturate combination and with Diminazene Aceturate alone was investigated in apparently healthy dogs. Fourteen apparently healthy dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups. The first group consisted of 6 dogs pre-treated with 100 mg/kg secnidazole (SEC) orally 30 min before administration of 3.5 mg/kg Diminazene Aceturate (DA) im. The second group consisted of 6 dogs treated with 3.5 mg/kg DA im alone, while the third group had 2 dogs untreated and used to prepare the control tissues and standards. Blood samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 h post-administration of DA and serum harvested for estimation of DA concentrations in the serum. For estimation of DA residues in tissues, 2 dogs were sacrificed in each group at 240, 360 and 480 h post-administration of the drugs. Ten grams of tissue samples (liver, kidney, brain, heart and skeletal muscle) were collected in triplicate. Intramuscular administration of DA, led to detectable and measurable levels of DA up to 72 h in the serum of both groups of dogs. However, there was no significant difference in the serum concentration of DA in both groups of dogs from 24 – 72 h. The concentration of DA was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the brain of SEC pre-treated dogs at 240 h. In the kidney and liver, DA concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SEC pre-treated dogs at 480 h. There was no significant difference in the DA concentration in the myocardium and skeletal muscles of both groups of dogs. We therefore concluded that DA persists in the tissues of treated dogs beyond 20 days post-treatment and that SEC alters the elimination pattern of DA in SEC pre-treated dogs. Keywords: Combination, Diminazene Aceturate, Dogs, Secnidazole, Tissue residues

  • Effects of Trypanosoma brucei infection and Diminazene Aceturate therapy on testicular morphology and function of Nigerian local dogs.
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2013
    Co-Authors: C. F., I. O. Ezeh, Ri Obidike, Valentine Uneojo Omoja, C.n. Iheagwam, I. K. Idika, R.c. Ezeokonkwo
    Abstract:

    Abstract The effects of Trypanosoma brucei infection on testicular morphology and function and the changes associated with treatment of infected dogs with Diminazene Aceturate were studied using fifteen Nigerian adult male dogs. The dogs were randomly assigned into three groups A, B and C consisting of five dogs each. Groups A and B were infected with 1 × 10 6 trypanosomes and group C was the uninfected control. Following infection, parasitaemia levels were monitored daily whereas the rectal temperature, body weight, packed cell volume, scrotal circumference and serum testosterone levels were monitored weekly. At parasitaemia peak, dogs in group A were orchidectomised while dogs in group B were treated with 7.0 mg/kg body weight of Diminazene Aceturate (DA). Dogs in groups B and C were later orchidectomised on day 73 of the experiment. The harvested testes and epididymides were weighed and the epididymal sperm reserves of all the dogs determined. Also the sperm quality (mass activity, sperm motility and sperm morphology) were determined. The testes were sectioned after processing and studied histomorphologically. Acute trypanosomosis was observed following infection. The low serum testosterone levels observed from day 14 post infection (pi) gradually improved following treatment. Testicular weight, epididymal weight and sperm quality were significantly low ( p T. brucei adversely affected testicular morphology and function. Treatment with Diminazene Aceturate reversed the reproductive abnormalities caused by the parasite.

K. T. Biobaku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Crude methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves improves the efficacy of Diminazene Aceturate in the treatment of trypanosome infected rats
    Ceylon Journal of Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Aremu Abdulfatai, Ki Eghianruwa, K. T. Biobaku, A Ahmed, A. Basiru
    Abstract:

    A trypanocidal efficacy study of Moringa oleifera leaf supplement alone and in combination with Diminazene Aceturate on Wistar rats was conducted using Trypanosoma brucei. Thirty five rats were randomly allotted into seven groups (A-G) with include five rats each. Groups B and C were treated with methanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves at 200mg/kg for 14 days prior to infection. The E and F were treated with M. oleifera for 90 days at 200mg/kg prior to infection. Group A and G are negative and positive controls, respectively. All rats in groups, B -G were individually infected with 3x106 of Trypanosoma brucei per ml of blood and the prepatent period was monitored from the second day. At day five post infection, infected rats in group C, D and F were treated with Diminazene Aceturate at 7mg/kg while those in group B and E treated with M. oleifera leaf extract. Parasites were cleared within 72 hours post treatment from blood of rats in groups C and F which were treated with both M. aoleifera and diminazine Aceturate. However, it took 96 hours post treatment for parasites to be cleared from rats in group D which was treated only with Diminazene Aceturate. There were significant (P

  • crude methanolic extract of moringa oleifera leaves improves the efficacy of Diminazene Aceturate in the treatment of trypanosome infected rats
    Ceylon Journal of Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Aremu Abdulfatai, Ki Eghianruwa, K. T. Biobaku, A Ahmed, A. Basiru
    Abstract:

    A trypanocidal efficacy study of Moringa oleifera leaf supplement alone and in combination with Diminazene Aceturate on Wistar rats was conducted using Trypanosoma brucei. Thirty five rats were randomly allotted into seven groups (A-G) with include five rats each. Groups B and C were treated with methanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves at 200mg/kg for 14 days prior to infection. The E and F were treated with M. oleifera for 90 days at 200mg/kg prior to infection. Group A and G are negative and positive controls, respectively. All rats in groups, B -G were individually infected with 3x106 of Trypanosoma brucei per ml of blood and the prepatent period was monitored from the second day. At day five post infection, infected rats in group C, D and F were treated with Diminazene Aceturate at 7mg/kg while those in group B and E treated with M. oleifera leaf extract. Parasites were cleared within 72 hours post treatment from blood of rats in groups C and F which were treated with both M. aoleifera and diminazine Aceturate. However, it took 96 hours post treatment for parasites to be cleared from rats in group D which was treated only with Diminazene Aceturate. There were significant (P<0.05) increase in the erythrocyte count, haematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in M. oleifera treated groups. Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) decreased significantly (P<0.05) in groups E, F and G. There was neutropenia in groups E, F and G when compared with the negative control, while other leucocytes manifested leukocytosis. Serum chemistry showed that all groups had significantly increased (P<0.05) globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and liver enzymes when compared with the negative control group “A”. Histopathological findings showed that congestion in the spleen and lymph nodes were reduced in the treated groups when compared to the untreated groups. Conclusively, our study gives credence that M. oleifera does not possess trypanocidal effect but however could be co-administered as a supportive.

  • A Preliminary Trypanocidal Study of Natural and Synthetic Supplementation of Zinc and Magnesium in Combination with Diminazene Aceturate in Wistar Rats
    Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2010
    Co-Authors: K. T. Biobaku, Bu Shamaki
    Abstract:

    Eighty healthy Wistar albino rats were used to investigate the trypanocidal effect of natural and synthetic supplements of zinc and magnesium in combination with Diminazene Aceturate in Trypanosoma congolense-inoculated rats. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups in study ‘1’ (involving the natural supplements of zinc and magnesium) and eight groups in study ‘2’ (the synthetic supplements ZnCl2 and MgCl2), each group of both studies having five rats. Hence, studies 1 and 2 had groups A - H each. Parasitaemia of trypanosome parasite was assessed using ‘wet mount method’ after inoculation of all test groups except group ‘G’ of both studies (the normal, not infected, not treated control). Group ‘E’ of both studies in which combinations of natural source of zinc ion (maize bran) and magnesium ion (wheat bran) were combined with subtherapeutic dose of Diminazene Aceturate at 1.75 mg/kg cleared the trypanosome parasites with no relapse. The salts supplements of ZnCl2 and MgCl2 with the same subtherapeutic dose of Diminazene Aceturate also elicited an effect similar to the group ‘E’ in natural supplementation study. There was thus, no significant difference (p>0.05) between the PCV and RBC of normal group ‘G’ and the natural and synthetic supplemented groups with the trypanocide. The groups B, C, and D of both studies however, only prolonged the live of the animals (though with relapse occurring) there was still the death of the animals before the end of the experiment. The improvement of PCV and RBC values of treated groups ‘E’ in the two studies towards the normal gave credence to the fact that the supplements of Zn2+ and Mg2+ with the subtherapeutic dose of 1.75 mg/kg had a better trypanocidal and rejuvenating tendency and could be used for treatment.

  • EFFICACY STUDY OF ZINC CHLORIDE AND Diminazene Aceturate ON Trypanosoma brucei INOCULATED RATS
    Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Olurode, K. T. Biobaku, O P Ajagbonna, H Ibrahim, M. I. Takeet
    Abstract:

    The effect of Zinc  Chloride  (ZnCl ) and Diminazene Aceturate  in  experimental  Trypanosoma brucei    2   infected rats was investigated. Six groups (A-F) consisting of five rats each were used. A and F were    negative and positive controls, while B, C, D, and E were treated groups, respectively. The infection    6    was achieved by inoculating (1x10 ) of the parasite and rapid matching method was used to estimate    the parasitaemia in the host. Parasitaemia was monitored for 30 days using wet mount method. The    inoculated treated groups progressively showed parasitaemia five days post inoculation that caused    significant decrease (p