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Nobuki Gato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bile acid binding ability of Kaki tannin from young fruits of persimmon Diospyros Kaki in vitro and in vivo
Phytotherapy Research, 2011Co-Authors: Kenji Matsumoto, Akio Kadowaki, Natsumi Ozaki, Makiko Takenaka, Hiroshi Ono, Shinichiro Yokoyama, Nobuki GatoAbstract:The bile acid-binding ability of a highly polymerized tannin (Kaki-tannin) extracted from dried-young fruits of persimmon (Diospyros Kaki) was examined. The Kaki-tannin was composed mainly of epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin-3-O-gallate and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate. Bile acid-binding ability of Kaki-tannin was examined against cholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid and deoxycholic acid in vitro, and its effect on fecal bile acid excretion in mice was also examined. Although the bile acid-binding ability of Kaki-tannin was weaker than that of cholestyramine, Kaki-tannin adsorbed all the bile acids tested and significantly promoted fecal bile acid excretion in mice when supplied at 1% (w/w) in the diet.
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bile acid binding activity of young persimmon Diospyros Kaki fruit and its hypolipidemic effect in mice
Phytotherapy Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kenji Matsumoto, Shinichiro Yokoyama, Nobuki GatoAbstract:The hypolipidemic effects and bile acid-binding properties of young persimmon (Diospyros Kaki) fruit were examined. In an animal experiment, male C57BL/6.Cr mice (n = 5) were fed an AIN-76-modified high fat diet supplemented with 2% or 5% (w/w) dried young persimmon fruit (YP) for 10 weeks. The intake of YP significantly enhanced fecal bile acid excretion and lowered the concentration of hepatic lipids and plasma cholesterol. Analysis of gene expression in liver tissue showed that 2% or 5% YP up-regulated the expression of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 gene. In the 5% group, there were increased expressions of the genes for cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Next, the bile acid-binding ability of YP was analysed in vitro using cholic acid (CA). In 100-2000 microM CA solutions, 1% (w/v) YP adsorbed approximately 60% of CA, while dried mature persimmon fruit adsorbed approximately 20% of CA. The positive control, cholestyramine, adsorbed approximately 80% of CA in the 100-2000 microM CA solutions. A crude tannin extract from YP, which contained 54.7% condensed tannins, adsorbed approximately 78% of CA in the 2000 microM CA solutions. These results suggest that the ability of YP to bind bile acid contributes to its hypolipidemic effect in mice.
Akira Sugiura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transformation of japanese persimmon Diospyros Kaki thunb with apple cdna encoding nadp dependent sorbitol 6 phosphate dehydrogenase
Plant Science, 2001Co-Authors: Mei Gao, Keisuke Miura, Ryutaro Tao, Abhaya M. Dandekar, Akira SugiuraAbstract:Abstract Japanese persimmon ( Diospyros Kaki Thunb. cv Jiro) was transformed with apple ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) cDNA encoding NADP-dependent sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) by an Agrobacterium -mediated leaf-disc transformation system. Integration and expression of the transgene were confirmed by genomic DNA blot and immunoblot analyses. Sorbitol accumulation in five of six transgenic plants obtained was confirmed by GC-MS. The amount of sorbitol in the leaves of transgenic plants varied from 14.5 to 61.5 μmol g −1 fr wt −1 . Sorbitol was not found in leaves of non-transformed ‘Jiro’ or the line PS7 that produced S6PDH protein with no S6PDH activity. Eventually, two transformed lines producing high (PS1) and medium (PS6) amounts of sorbitol, one control transformed line (PS7), and non-transformed ‘Jiro’ were selected and evaluated for salt-stress tolerance. Under NaCl stress, the activity of photosystem II in leaves was determined in terms of the ratio of the variable (Fv) to the maximum (Fm) fluorescence of chlorophyll. The rate of decline in Fv/Fm under NaCl stress was lower in PS1 than the other three lines, suggesting that PS1 is more tolerant to NaCl stress than the other three lines. The factors that caused enhanced salt stress tolerance in PS1 are discussed in relation to sorbitol biosynthesis and its growth.
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analysis of the genetic relationships among pollination constant and non astringent pcna cultivars of persimmon Diospyros Kaki thunb from japan and china using amplified fragment length polymorphism aflp
Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2000Co-Authors: Shinya Kanzaki, Keizo Yonemori, Akihiko Sato, Masahiko Yamada, Akira SugiuraAbstract:The genetic relationships among 19 pollination-constant and non-astringent (PCNA) cultivars and 14 non-PCNA cultivars of persimmon (Diospyros Kaki Thunb.), including one Chinese PCNA cultivar 'Luo Tian Tian Shi', were analyzed by comparing 138 AFLP markers. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on the similarity indices of these AFLP markers indicated a close relationship among Japanese PCNA cultivars, but a more distant relationship with the Chinese PCNA cultivar 'Luo Tian Tian Shi'. The close relationship between PCNA cultivars native to Gifu prefecture was distinct, indicating that these cultivars developed from crosses among restricted sources in this region. The cultivars 'Gosho', 'Hana-gosho', 'Oo-gosho', and 'Yamato-gosho' showed a close relationship with some non-PCNA cultivars.
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Transformation of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros Kaki Thunb.) with a bacterial gene for choline oxidase
Molecular Breeding, 2000Co-Authors: Mei Gao, Norio Murata, Atsushi Sakamoto, Akira Sugiura, Keisuke Miura, Ryutaro TaoAbstract:This report describes the first successful genetic engineering of tolerance to salt in an agriculturally important species of woody plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with the codA gene of Arthrobacter globiformis. This gene encodes choline oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycinebetaine. The binary plasmid vector pGC95.091, containing a kanamycin-resistance gene (nptII), a gene for β-glucuronidase (gusA) and the codA gene in its T-DNA region, was used with a disarmed strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, EHA101, to transform Japanese persimmon (Diospyros Kaki Thunb. `Jiro') by the leaf disk transformation method. The pRS95.101 plasmid that included only nptII and gusA in the T-DNA region was used as a control. We selected eight transgenic lines with one or two copies of the T-DNA after transformation with pGC95.091 (PC lines) and three lines after transformation with pRS95.101 (PR lines). The eight PC lines produced choline oxidase and glycinebetaine whereas neither was found in untransformed `Jiro' and in the control PR lines. Transgenic plants grew normally, resembling wild-type plants both in vitro and ex vitro. The activity of photosystem II in leaves of the transgenic Japanese persimmon plants under NaCl stress was determined in terms of the ratio of the variable (Fv) to the maximum (Fm) fluorescence of chlorophyll (Fv/Fm). The rate of decline in (Fv/Fm under NaCl stress was lower in the PC lines than in the control PR lines. These results demonstrated that genetic engineering of Japanese persimmon, which allowed it to accumulate glycinebetaine, enhanced the tolerance to salt stress of this plant.
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phylogenetic relationship of Diospyros Kaki persimmon to Diospyros spp ebenaceae of thailand and four temperate zone Diospyros spp from an analysis of rflp variation in amplified cpdna
Genome, 1998Co-Authors: Keizo Yonemori, Shinya Kanzaki, Dan E Parfitt, Naoki Utsunomiya, Suranant Subhadrabandhu, Akira SugiuraAbstract:The relationships among 17 Diospyros species from Thailand, with particular emphasis on the relationship of these species to temperate Diospyros species, including Diospyros Kaki, were studied, usi...
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Production of dodecaploid plants of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros Kaki L.) by colchicine treatment of protoplasts
Plant Cell Reports, 1996Co-Authors: Mihoko Tamura, Ryutaro Tao, Akira SugiuraAbstract:Dodecaploid plants of Japanese persimmon ( Diospyros Kaki L.) were obtained by colchicine treatment of protoplasts. Callus protoplasts of ‘Jiro’ (2n=90, x=15) were cultured in modified KM8p medium with 0.1% colchicine for 3–9 days. After colchicine treatment, they were cultured using agarose bead culture. Microcalli were recovered from the protoplasts after 3 months. Flow cytometric measurement showed that nine of 31 callus lines obtained from 6 days of colchicine treatment had twice the nuclear DNA content as non-treated controls. Plantlets were regenerated from the calli with twice the nuclear DNA content. Microscopic observation of root tip cells showed that their somatic chromosome number was 2n=180 (x=15). Compared with ‘Jiro’, dodecaploid plants had longer stomatal guard cells and lower stomatal densities, consistent with increased ploidy.
Ryutaro Tao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative characterization of fruit shape and its differentiation pattern in diverse persimmon Diospyros Kaki cultivars
Scientia Horticulturae, 2018Co-Authors: Haruka Maeda, Takashi Akagi, Ryutaro TaoAbstract:Abstract There is considerable diversity in fruit shapes among persimmon (Diospyros Kaki) cultivars. Although fruit shape is one of the most important traits affecting the commercial quality of fruits, quantitatively characterizing fruit shape features remains difficult. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable method for quantitatively analyzing persimmon fruit shapes, and to clarify the fruit development patterns as well as their relationships to the shapes of other organs across cultivars. Using 153 persimmon cultivars and two wild Diospyros relatives, we evaluated two-dimensional pictures of longitudinal and transverse fruit sections with elliptical Fourier descriptors (EFDs) and the SHAPE program. Principal component analysis (PCA) using each EFD generated representative vectors, which elucidated the fruit shape diversity among the cultivars. Additionally, a PCA of the EFDs quantified two major components of the variability in the shapes of longitudinal fruit sections, namely the ratio of length to diameter and the fruit apex shape. Seasonal characterizations of the first principal component revealed the fruit shape development patterns. The fundamental shapes in the longitudinal direction were coordinately determined during the early developmental stages across cultivars. Furthermore, a quantitative characterization of persimmon fruit, seed, and leaf shapes unveiled correlations between these traits. The data presented herein indicate that combining EFDs and PCA enables the quantitative analysis of persimmon organ shapes, which may be related to various quantitative indices.
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controlled pollination with sorted reduced and unreduced pollen grains reveals unreduced embryo sac formation in Diospyros Kaki thunb fujiwaragosho
Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2007Co-Authors: Ayumi Yamada, Ryutaro TaoAbstract:This study investigated ploidy levels of endosperm and embryos in seeds of the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 90) Diospyros Kaki ‘Fujiwaragosho’ to determine the possible origin of unusual ploidy levels observed in seedlings of this cultivar. Female flowers of ‘Fujiwaragosho’ were pollinated with sorted reduced (3x) and unreduced (6x) pollen grains of ‘Zenjimaru’ in 2004 and 2005. Embryo rescue culture was conducted with normally developing seeds that were excised from immature fruit harvested in August. Ploidy levels of the endosperm and plantlets from the embryos in the seeds were determined by flow cytometry. In some cases, chromosomes of root tip cells of the plantlets were also counted to determine ploidy levels of the embryos. It appeared that seeds obtained with reduced pollen pollination contained a normal hexaploid embryo and nonaploid (9x) endosperm, while those obtained with unreduced pollen pollination mostly contained a dodecaploid (12x) embryo and octadecaploid (18x) endosperm. These results indicated unreduced embryo sac formation in ‘Fujiwaragosho’. We discuss the possible cause of the occurrence of only nonaploid and octadecaploid endosperm, respectively, with reduced and unreduced pollen pollinations.
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transformation of japanese persimmon Diospyros Kaki thunb with apple cdna encoding nadp dependent sorbitol 6 phosphate dehydrogenase
Plant Science, 2001Co-Authors: Mei Gao, Keisuke Miura, Ryutaro Tao, Abhaya M. Dandekar, Akira SugiuraAbstract:Abstract Japanese persimmon ( Diospyros Kaki Thunb. cv Jiro) was transformed with apple ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) cDNA encoding NADP-dependent sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) by an Agrobacterium -mediated leaf-disc transformation system. Integration and expression of the transgene were confirmed by genomic DNA blot and immunoblot analyses. Sorbitol accumulation in five of six transgenic plants obtained was confirmed by GC-MS. The amount of sorbitol in the leaves of transgenic plants varied from 14.5 to 61.5 μmol g −1 fr wt −1 . Sorbitol was not found in leaves of non-transformed ‘Jiro’ or the line PS7 that produced S6PDH protein with no S6PDH activity. Eventually, two transformed lines producing high (PS1) and medium (PS6) amounts of sorbitol, one control transformed line (PS7), and non-transformed ‘Jiro’ were selected and evaluated for salt-stress tolerance. Under NaCl stress, the activity of photosystem II in leaves was determined in terms of the ratio of the variable (Fv) to the maximum (Fm) fluorescence of chlorophyll. The rate of decline in Fv/Fm under NaCl stress was lower in PS1 than the other three lines, suggesting that PS1 is more tolerant to NaCl stress than the other three lines. The factors that caused enhanced salt stress tolerance in PS1 are discussed in relation to sorbitol biosynthesis and its growth.
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Transformation of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros Kaki Thunb.) with a bacterial gene for choline oxidase
Molecular Breeding, 2000Co-Authors: Mei Gao, Norio Murata, Atsushi Sakamoto, Akira Sugiura, Keisuke Miura, Ryutaro TaoAbstract:This report describes the first successful genetic engineering of tolerance to salt in an agriculturally important species of woody plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with the codA gene of Arthrobacter globiformis. This gene encodes choline oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycinebetaine. The binary plasmid vector pGC95.091, containing a kanamycin-resistance gene (nptII), a gene for β-glucuronidase (gusA) and the codA gene in its T-DNA region, was used with a disarmed strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, EHA101, to transform Japanese persimmon (Diospyros Kaki Thunb. `Jiro') by the leaf disk transformation method. The pRS95.101 plasmid that included only nptII and gusA in the T-DNA region was used as a control. We selected eight transgenic lines with one or two copies of the T-DNA after transformation with pGC95.091 (PC lines) and three lines after transformation with pRS95.101 (PR lines). The eight PC lines produced choline oxidase and glycinebetaine whereas neither was found in untransformed `Jiro' and in the control PR lines. Transgenic plants grew normally, resembling wild-type plants both in vitro and ex vitro. The activity of photosystem II in leaves of the transgenic Japanese persimmon plants under NaCl stress was determined in terms of the ratio of the variable (Fv) to the maximum (Fm) fluorescence of chlorophyll (Fv/Fm). The rate of decline in (Fv/Fm under NaCl stress was lower in the PC lines than in the control PR lines. These results demonstrated that genetic engineering of Japanese persimmon, which allowed it to accumulate glycinebetaine, enhanced the tolerance to salt stress of this plant.
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Production of dodecaploid plants of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros Kaki L.) by colchicine treatment of protoplasts
Plant Cell Reports, 1996Co-Authors: Mihoko Tamura, Ryutaro Tao, Akira SugiuraAbstract:Dodecaploid plants of Japanese persimmon ( Diospyros Kaki L.) were obtained by colchicine treatment of protoplasts. Callus protoplasts of ‘Jiro’ (2n=90, x=15) were cultured in modified KM8p medium with 0.1% colchicine for 3–9 days. After colchicine treatment, they were cultured using agarose bead culture. Microcalli were recovered from the protoplasts after 3 months. Flow cytometric measurement showed that nine of 31 callus lines obtained from 6 days of colchicine treatment had twice the nuclear DNA content as non-treated controls. Plantlets were regenerated from the calli with twice the nuclear DNA content. Microscopic observation of root tip cells showed that their somatic chromosome number was 2n=180 (x=15). Compared with ‘Jiro’, dodecaploid plants had longer stomatal guard cells and lower stomatal densities, consistent with increased ploidy.
Kenji Matsumoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bile acid binding ability of Kaki tannin from young fruits of persimmon Diospyros Kaki in vitro and in vivo
Phytotherapy Research, 2011Co-Authors: Kenji Matsumoto, Akio Kadowaki, Natsumi Ozaki, Makiko Takenaka, Hiroshi Ono, Shinichiro Yokoyama, Nobuki GatoAbstract:The bile acid-binding ability of a highly polymerized tannin (Kaki-tannin) extracted from dried-young fruits of persimmon (Diospyros Kaki) was examined. The Kaki-tannin was composed mainly of epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin-3-O-gallate and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate. Bile acid-binding ability of Kaki-tannin was examined against cholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid and deoxycholic acid in vitro, and its effect on fecal bile acid excretion in mice was also examined. Although the bile acid-binding ability of Kaki-tannin was weaker than that of cholestyramine, Kaki-tannin adsorbed all the bile acids tested and significantly promoted fecal bile acid excretion in mice when supplied at 1% (w/w) in the diet.
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bile acid binding activity of young persimmon Diospyros Kaki fruit and its hypolipidemic effect in mice
Phytotherapy Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kenji Matsumoto, Shinichiro Yokoyama, Nobuki GatoAbstract:The hypolipidemic effects and bile acid-binding properties of young persimmon (Diospyros Kaki) fruit were examined. In an animal experiment, male C57BL/6.Cr mice (n = 5) were fed an AIN-76-modified high fat diet supplemented with 2% or 5% (w/w) dried young persimmon fruit (YP) for 10 weeks. The intake of YP significantly enhanced fecal bile acid excretion and lowered the concentration of hepatic lipids and plasma cholesterol. Analysis of gene expression in liver tissue showed that 2% or 5% YP up-regulated the expression of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 gene. In the 5% group, there were increased expressions of the genes for cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Next, the bile acid-binding ability of YP was analysed in vitro using cholic acid (CA). In 100-2000 microM CA solutions, 1% (w/v) YP adsorbed approximately 60% of CA, while dried mature persimmon fruit adsorbed approximately 20% of CA. The positive control, cholestyramine, adsorbed approximately 80% of CA in the 100-2000 microM CA solutions. A crude tannin extract from YP, which contained 54.7% condensed tannins, adsorbed approximately 78% of CA in the 2000 microM CA solutions. These results suggest that the ability of YP to bind bile acid contributes to its hypolipidemic effect in mice.
Hamideh Nouri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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leaf water relations in Diospyros Kaki during a mild water deficit exposure
Agricultural Water Management, 2019Co-Authors: I Grinan, Pedro Rodriguez, Hamideh Nouri, Eros Borsato, Antonio Molina, Z N Cruz, Ana Centeno, Alfonso Moriana, M J MartinpalomoAbstract:Abstract The resistance mechanisms (stress avoidance and stress tolerance) developed by persimmon plants (Diospyros Kaki L. f. grafted on Diospyros lotus L.) in response to mild water stress and the sensitivity of continuously (on a whole-day basis) and discretely (at predawn and midday) measured indicators of the plant water status were investigated in 3-year old ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon plants. Control (T0) plants were drip irrigated in order to maintain soil water content at levels slightly above soil field capacity (102.3% of soil field capacity) and T1 plants were drip irrigated for 33 days in order to maintain the soil water content at around 80% of soil field capacity. The results indicated persimmon plants confront a mild water stress situation by gradually developing stomata control (stress avoidance mechanism) and exhibiting some xeromorphic characteristic such as high leaf relative apoplastic water content, which could contribute to the retention of water at low leaf water potentials. In addition, sap flow measurements made by the heat-pulse technique were seen to be the most suitable method for estimating persimmon water status, because it provided the highest signal intensity (actual value/reference value):noise (coefficient of variation) ratio in almost all intervals of time considered and provides continuous and automated registers of the persimmon water status in real time.
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leaf water relations in Diospyros Kaki under mild water deficit
XIV Simposio Internacional Hispano-Portugués de Relaciones Hídricas en Las Plantas 2018, 2018Co-Authors: I Grinan, Pedro Rodriguez, Hamideh Nouri, Eros Borsato, Antonio Molina, D Morales, Z N Cruz, M Corell, Ana CentenoAbstract:The resistance mechanisms developed by persimmon (Diospyros Kaki L. f.) plants in response to mild water stress and the sensitivity of continuously (on a whole-day basis) and discretely (at predawn and midday) measured indicators of the plant water status were investigated in 3-year old ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon plants. Control (T0) plants were drip irrigated in order to maintain soil water content at levels slightly above soil field capacity and T1 plants were drip irrigated for 33 days in order to maintain the soil water content at around 80 % of soil field capacity. The results indicated persimmon plants confront a mild water stress situation by gradually developing stomata control (stress avoidance mechanism) and exhibiting some xeromorphic characteristic such as high leaf relative apoplastic water content, which could contribute to the retention of water at low leaf water potentials. In addition, sap flow measurements made by the heat-pulse technique were seen to be the most suitable method for estimating persimmon water status, because it provided the highest signal intensity (actual value/reference value):noise (coefficient of variation) ratio in almost all intervals of time considered and provides continuous and automated registers of the persimmon water status in real time.