The Experts below are selected from a list of 8505 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Lauri E Markowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • vaccination coverage among adults excluding influenza vaccination united states 2013
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2015
    Co-Authors: Pengjun Lu, Carolyn B Bridges, Tamara Pilishvili, Craig M Hales, Alissa Ohalloran, Lauri E Markowitz
    Abstract:

    : Vaccinations are recommended throughout life to prevent Vaccine-preventable diseases and their sequelae. Adult vaccination coverage, however, remains low for most routinely recommended Vaccines and below Healthy People 2020 targets. In October 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) approved the adult immunization schedule for 2015. With the exception of influenza vaccination, which is recommended for all adults each year, other adult vaccinations are recommended for specific populations based on a person's age, health conditions, behavioral risk factors (e.g., injection drug use), occupation, travel, and other indications. To assess vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years for selected Vaccines, CDC analyzed data from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). This report highlights results of that analysis for pneumococcal, tetanus toxoid-containing (tetanus and Diphtheria Vaccine [Td] or tetanus and Diphtheria with acellular pertussis Vaccine [Tdap]), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, herpes zoster (shingles), and human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines by selected characteristics (age, race/ethnicity,† and vaccination indication). Influenza vaccination coverage estimates for the 2013-14 influenza season have been published separately. Compared with 2012, only modest increases occurred in Tdap vaccination among adults aged ≥19 years (a 2.9 percentage point increase to 17.2%), herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged ≥60 years (a 4.1 percentage point increase to 24.2%), and HPV vaccination among males aged 19-26 years (a 3.6 percentage point increase to 5.9%); coverage among adults in the United States for the other Vaccines did not improve. Racial/ethnic disparities in coverage persisted for all six Vaccines and widened for Tdap and herpes zoster vaccination. Increases in vaccination coverage are needed to reduce the occurrence of Vaccine-preventable diseases among adults. Awareness of the need for Vaccines for adults is low among the general population, and adult patients largely rely on health care provider recommendations for vaccination. The Community Preventive Services Task Force and the National Vaccine Advisory Committee have recommended that health care providers incorporate vaccination needs assessment, recommendation, and offer of vaccination into every clinical encounter with adult patients to improve vaccination rates and to narrow the widening racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage.

  • noninfluenza vaccination coverage among adults united states 2012
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2014
    Co-Authors: Pengjun Lu, Carolyn B Bridges, Tamara Pilishvili, Craig M Hales, Alissa Ohalloran, Lauri E Markowitz
    Abstract:

    : Vaccinations are recommended throughout life to prevent Vaccine-preventable diseases and their sequelae. Adult vaccination coverage, however, remains low for most routinely recommended Vaccines and well below Healthy People 2020 targets. In October 2013, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) approved the adult immunization schedule for 2014. With the exception of influenza vaccination, which is recommended for all adults each year, vaccinations recommended for adults target different populations based on age, health conditions, behavioral risk factors (e.g., injection drug use), occupation, travel, and other indications. To assess vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years for selected Vaccines, CDC analyzed data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis for pneumococcal, tetanus toxoid-containing (tetanus and Diphtheria Vaccine [Td] or tetanus and Diphtheria with acellular pertussis Vaccine [Tdap]), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, herpes zoster (shingles), and human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines by selected characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, and vaccination target criteria). Influenza vaccination coverage estimates for the 2012-13 influenza season have been published separately. Compared with 2011, only modest increases occurred in Tdap vaccination among adults aged 19-64 years, herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged ≥60 years, and HPV vaccination among women aged 19-26 years; coverage among adults in the United States for the other Vaccines did not improve. Racial/ethnic gaps in coverage persisted for all six Vaccines and widened for Tdap, herpes zoster, and HPV vaccination. Increases in vaccination coverage are needed to reduce the occurrence of Vaccine-preventable diseases among adults. The Community Preventive Services Task Force and other authorities have recommended that health-care providers incorporate vaccination needs assessment, recommendation, and offer of vaccination into routine clinical practice for adult patients.

Kingston H G Mills - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • intranasal immunization with genetically detoxified Diphtheria toxin induces t cell responses in humans enhancement of th2 responses and toxin neutralizing antibodies by formulation with chitosan
    Vaccine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Edel A Mcneela, Inderjit Jabbalgill, Lisbeth Illum, Audino Podda, Rino Rappuoli, Mariagrazia Pizza, David J M Lewis, Kingston H G Mills
    Abstract:

    We previously reported that intranasal immunization with a non-toxic mutant cross-reacting material (CRM)197 of Diphtheria toxin, formulated with chitosan, generated protective neutralizing antibodies in mice and guinea pigs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intranasal delivery of a powder formulation of the CRM197-based Vaccine was well tolerated and significantly boosted antibody responses in adult volunteers. Here we report that intranasal booster immunization with CRM197 alone or with chitosan induced systemic T cell responses. We addressed for the first time the induction of T cell subtypes following intranasal vaccination in humans. Intranasal vaccination with CRM197, like parenteral immunization with a conventional Diphtheria toxoid Vaccine, enhanced antigen-specific IFN-gamma production. However, formulation of the nasal Diphtheria Vaccine with chitosan significantly augmented Th2-type responses, which correlated with protective levels of toxin-neutralizing antibodies in intranasally boosted individuals. The results suggest that Vaccines capable of inducing strong Th2-type responses, such as CRM197 formulated with chitosan, have potential for the development of a protective mucosal Vaccine against Diphtheria in humans. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that mucosal subunit Vaccines with appropriate delivery systems have considerable potential for booster immunization of adults.

  • protective levels of Diphtheria neutralizing antibody induced in healthy volunteers by unilateral priming boosting intranasal immunization associated with restricted ipsilateral mucosal secretory immunoglobulin a
    Infection and Immunity, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kingston H G Mills, Catherine Cosgrove, Edel A Mcneela, Amy Sexton, Rafaela Giemza, Inderjit Jabbalgill, Anne Church, Lisbeth Illum, Audino Podda, Rino Rappuoli
    Abstract:

    Subunit intranasal Vaccines offer the prospect of inducing combined systemic-mucosal immunity against mucosally transmitted infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. However, although human studies have demonstrated the induction of active immunity, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses are variable, and no study has demonstrated protection by accepted Vaccine-licensing criteria as measured by direct toxin-neutralizing activity. Using the genetically inactivated mutant Diphtheria toxoid CRM197 in a bioadhesive polycationic polysaccharide chitosan delivery system, we found that a single nasal immunization was well tolerated and boosted antitoxin neutralizing activity in healthy volunteers, which could be further boosted by a second immunization. The neutralizing activity far exceeded accepted protective levels and was equivalent to that induced by standard intramuscular Vaccine and significantly greater than intranasal immunization with CRM197 in the absence of chitosan. A striking but unexpected observation was that although unilateral intranasal immunization induced circulating antitoxin antibody-secreting cells, a nasal antitoxin sIgA response was seen only after the second immunization and only in the vaccinated nostril. If these data are reproduced in larger studies, an intranasal Diphtheria Vaccine based on CRM197-chitosan could be rapidly licensed for human use. However, a restricted sIgA response suggests that care must be taken in the priming-boosting strategy and clinical sampling techniques when evaluating such Vaccines for the induction of local mucosal immunity.

Rino Rappuoli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • intranasal immunization with genetically detoxified Diphtheria toxin induces t cell responses in humans enhancement of th2 responses and toxin neutralizing antibodies by formulation with chitosan
    Vaccine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Edel A Mcneela, Inderjit Jabbalgill, Lisbeth Illum, Audino Podda, Rino Rappuoli, Mariagrazia Pizza, David J M Lewis, Kingston H G Mills
    Abstract:

    We previously reported that intranasal immunization with a non-toxic mutant cross-reacting material (CRM)197 of Diphtheria toxin, formulated with chitosan, generated protective neutralizing antibodies in mice and guinea pigs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intranasal delivery of a powder formulation of the CRM197-based Vaccine was well tolerated and significantly boosted antibody responses in adult volunteers. Here we report that intranasal booster immunization with CRM197 alone or with chitosan induced systemic T cell responses. We addressed for the first time the induction of T cell subtypes following intranasal vaccination in humans. Intranasal vaccination with CRM197, like parenteral immunization with a conventional Diphtheria toxoid Vaccine, enhanced antigen-specific IFN-gamma production. However, formulation of the nasal Diphtheria Vaccine with chitosan significantly augmented Th2-type responses, which correlated with protective levels of toxin-neutralizing antibodies in intranasally boosted individuals. The results suggest that Vaccines capable of inducing strong Th2-type responses, such as CRM197 formulated with chitosan, have potential for the development of a protective mucosal Vaccine against Diphtheria in humans. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that mucosal subunit Vaccines with appropriate delivery systems have considerable potential for booster immunization of adults.

  • protective levels of Diphtheria neutralizing antibody induced in healthy volunteers by unilateral priming boosting intranasal immunization associated with restricted ipsilateral mucosal secretory immunoglobulin a
    Infection and Immunity, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kingston H G Mills, Catherine Cosgrove, Edel A Mcneela, Amy Sexton, Rafaela Giemza, Inderjit Jabbalgill, Anne Church, Lisbeth Illum, Audino Podda, Rino Rappuoli
    Abstract:

    Subunit intranasal Vaccines offer the prospect of inducing combined systemic-mucosal immunity against mucosally transmitted infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. However, although human studies have demonstrated the induction of active immunity, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses are variable, and no study has demonstrated protection by accepted Vaccine-licensing criteria as measured by direct toxin-neutralizing activity. Using the genetically inactivated mutant Diphtheria toxoid CRM197 in a bioadhesive polycationic polysaccharide chitosan delivery system, we found that a single nasal immunization was well tolerated and boosted antitoxin neutralizing activity in healthy volunteers, which could be further boosted by a second immunization. The neutralizing activity far exceeded accepted protective levels and was equivalent to that induced by standard intramuscular Vaccine and significantly greater than intranasal immunization with CRM197 in the absence of chitosan. A striking but unexpected observation was that although unilateral intranasal immunization induced circulating antitoxin antibody-secreting cells, a nasal antitoxin sIgA response was seen only after the second immunization and only in the vaccinated nostril. If these data are reproduced in larger studies, an intranasal Diphtheria Vaccine based on CRM197-chitosan could be rapidly licensed for human use. However, a restricted sIgA response suggests that care must be taken in the priming-boosting strategy and clinical sampling techniques when evaluating such Vaccines for the induction of local mucosal immunity.

Pengjun Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • vaccination coverage among adults excluding influenza vaccination united states 2013
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2015
    Co-Authors: Pengjun Lu, Carolyn B Bridges, Tamara Pilishvili, Craig M Hales, Alissa Ohalloran, Lauri E Markowitz
    Abstract:

    : Vaccinations are recommended throughout life to prevent Vaccine-preventable diseases and their sequelae. Adult vaccination coverage, however, remains low for most routinely recommended Vaccines and below Healthy People 2020 targets. In October 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) approved the adult immunization schedule for 2015. With the exception of influenza vaccination, which is recommended for all adults each year, other adult vaccinations are recommended for specific populations based on a person's age, health conditions, behavioral risk factors (e.g., injection drug use), occupation, travel, and other indications. To assess vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years for selected Vaccines, CDC analyzed data from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). This report highlights results of that analysis for pneumococcal, tetanus toxoid-containing (tetanus and Diphtheria Vaccine [Td] or tetanus and Diphtheria with acellular pertussis Vaccine [Tdap]), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, herpes zoster (shingles), and human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines by selected characteristics (age, race/ethnicity,† and vaccination indication). Influenza vaccination coverage estimates for the 2013-14 influenza season have been published separately. Compared with 2012, only modest increases occurred in Tdap vaccination among adults aged ≥19 years (a 2.9 percentage point increase to 17.2%), herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged ≥60 years (a 4.1 percentage point increase to 24.2%), and HPV vaccination among males aged 19-26 years (a 3.6 percentage point increase to 5.9%); coverage among adults in the United States for the other Vaccines did not improve. Racial/ethnic disparities in coverage persisted for all six Vaccines and widened for Tdap and herpes zoster vaccination. Increases in vaccination coverage are needed to reduce the occurrence of Vaccine-preventable diseases among adults. Awareness of the need for Vaccines for adults is low among the general population, and adult patients largely rely on health care provider recommendations for vaccination. The Community Preventive Services Task Force and the National Vaccine Advisory Committee have recommended that health care providers incorporate vaccination needs assessment, recommendation, and offer of vaccination into every clinical encounter with adult patients to improve vaccination rates and to narrow the widening racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage.

  • noninfluenza vaccination coverage among adults united states 2012
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2014
    Co-Authors: Pengjun Lu, Carolyn B Bridges, Tamara Pilishvili, Craig M Hales, Alissa Ohalloran, Lauri E Markowitz
    Abstract:

    : Vaccinations are recommended throughout life to prevent Vaccine-preventable diseases and their sequelae. Adult vaccination coverage, however, remains low for most routinely recommended Vaccines and well below Healthy People 2020 targets. In October 2013, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) approved the adult immunization schedule for 2014. With the exception of influenza vaccination, which is recommended for all adults each year, vaccinations recommended for adults target different populations based on age, health conditions, behavioral risk factors (e.g., injection drug use), occupation, travel, and other indications. To assess vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years for selected Vaccines, CDC analyzed data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis for pneumococcal, tetanus toxoid-containing (tetanus and Diphtheria Vaccine [Td] or tetanus and Diphtheria with acellular pertussis Vaccine [Tdap]), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, herpes zoster (shingles), and human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines by selected characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, and vaccination target criteria). Influenza vaccination coverage estimates for the 2012-13 influenza season have been published separately. Compared with 2011, only modest increases occurred in Tdap vaccination among adults aged 19-64 years, herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged ≥60 years, and HPV vaccination among women aged 19-26 years; coverage among adults in the United States for the other Vaccines did not improve. Racial/ethnic gaps in coverage persisted for all six Vaccines and widened for Tdap, herpes zoster, and HPV vaccination. Increases in vaccination coverage are needed to reduce the occurrence of Vaccine-preventable diseases among adults. The Community Preventive Services Task Force and other authorities have recommended that health-care providers incorporate vaccination needs assessment, recommendation, and offer of vaccination into routine clinical practice for adult patients.

Edel A Mcneela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • intranasal immunization with genetically detoxified Diphtheria toxin induces t cell responses in humans enhancement of th2 responses and toxin neutralizing antibodies by formulation with chitosan
    Vaccine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Edel A Mcneela, Inderjit Jabbalgill, Lisbeth Illum, Audino Podda, Rino Rappuoli, Mariagrazia Pizza, David J M Lewis, Kingston H G Mills
    Abstract:

    We previously reported that intranasal immunization with a non-toxic mutant cross-reacting material (CRM)197 of Diphtheria toxin, formulated with chitosan, generated protective neutralizing antibodies in mice and guinea pigs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intranasal delivery of a powder formulation of the CRM197-based Vaccine was well tolerated and significantly boosted antibody responses in adult volunteers. Here we report that intranasal booster immunization with CRM197 alone or with chitosan induced systemic T cell responses. We addressed for the first time the induction of T cell subtypes following intranasal vaccination in humans. Intranasal vaccination with CRM197, like parenteral immunization with a conventional Diphtheria toxoid Vaccine, enhanced antigen-specific IFN-gamma production. However, formulation of the nasal Diphtheria Vaccine with chitosan significantly augmented Th2-type responses, which correlated with protective levels of toxin-neutralizing antibodies in intranasally boosted individuals. The results suggest that Vaccines capable of inducing strong Th2-type responses, such as CRM197 formulated with chitosan, have potential for the development of a protective mucosal Vaccine against Diphtheria in humans. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that mucosal subunit Vaccines with appropriate delivery systems have considerable potential for booster immunization of adults.

  • protective levels of Diphtheria neutralizing antibody induced in healthy volunteers by unilateral priming boosting intranasal immunization associated with restricted ipsilateral mucosal secretory immunoglobulin a
    Infection and Immunity, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kingston H G Mills, Catherine Cosgrove, Edel A Mcneela, Amy Sexton, Rafaela Giemza, Inderjit Jabbalgill, Anne Church, Lisbeth Illum, Audino Podda, Rino Rappuoli
    Abstract:

    Subunit intranasal Vaccines offer the prospect of inducing combined systemic-mucosal immunity against mucosally transmitted infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. However, although human studies have demonstrated the induction of active immunity, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses are variable, and no study has demonstrated protection by accepted Vaccine-licensing criteria as measured by direct toxin-neutralizing activity. Using the genetically inactivated mutant Diphtheria toxoid CRM197 in a bioadhesive polycationic polysaccharide chitosan delivery system, we found that a single nasal immunization was well tolerated and boosted antitoxin neutralizing activity in healthy volunteers, which could be further boosted by a second immunization. The neutralizing activity far exceeded accepted protective levels and was equivalent to that induced by standard intramuscular Vaccine and significantly greater than intranasal immunization with CRM197 in the absence of chitosan. A striking but unexpected observation was that although unilateral intranasal immunization induced circulating antitoxin antibody-secreting cells, a nasal antitoxin sIgA response was seen only after the second immunization and only in the vaccinated nostril. If these data are reproduced in larger studies, an intranasal Diphtheria Vaccine based on CRM197-chitosan could be rapidly licensed for human use. However, a restricted sIgA response suggests that care must be taken in the priming-boosting strategy and clinical sampling techniques when evaluating such Vaccines for the induction of local mucosal immunity.