The Experts below are selected from a list of 135 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lon Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Quantitative determination of pivalic acid in dipivefrin-containing ophthalmic solutions by gas chromatography
Journal of Chromatography A, 1994Co-Authors: Lon HallAbstract:Abstract A capillary gas chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of the degradation product pivalic acid in dipivefrin-containing ophthalmic solutions. The linear calibration range was 1.02 to 102 μg/ml (r = 0.999) and recoveries were greater than 98%. The relative standard deviation was less than 4.2%. The method can be used to accurately monitor pivalic acid levels for routine quality control and is simple and reliable.
Gen Sobue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pupillary autonomic dysfunction in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease: an assessment by eye-drop tests
Clinical Autonomic Research, 2010Co-Authors: Fumitada Yamashita, Motoko Takamori, Masaaki Hirayama, Norio Hori, Tomohiko Nakamura, K. Uchida, T. Hama, Gen SobueAbstract:Purpose To compare pupillary autonomic dysfunction in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods We administered eye-drop tests to 40 MSA patients, 40 PD patients with similar disease duration, and 20 age-matched healthy controls. Pupillary supersensitivity to a parasympathomimetic agent (0.05% pilocarpine hydrochloride) and to a sympathomimetic agent (0.02% Dipivefrine hydrochloride) was examined by assessing changes in pupil diameter. Results Pupillary supersensitivity to a parasympathomimetic agent (0.05% pilocarpine hydrochloride) and to a sympathomimetic agent (0.02% Dipivefrine hydrochloride) was examined by assessing changes in pupil diameter. Pupillary supersensitivity to 0.05% pilocarpine was greatest among the PD patients (PD −23.1 ± 14.4%, MSA −12.4 ± 11.5%, control −9.5 ± 8.2%, p
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pupillary supersensitivity and visual disturbance in parkinson s disease
Clinical Autonomic Research, 2008Co-Authors: Norio Hori, Motoko Takamori, Fumitada Yamashita, Naoki Mabuchi, Masaaki Hirayama, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tomohiko Nakamura, Hiroki Ito, Gen SobueAbstract:This study evaluated pupillary postganglionic autonomic dysfunction and its relationship to visual disturbance in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pupillary sensitivity was examined in relation to a parasympathomimetic agent [0.05% pilocarpine hydrochloride (PL)] and to a sympathomimetic agent [0.02% Dipivefrine hydrochloride (DPE)] using infrared pupillography in 40 PD patients and 17 age-matched controls. Visual disturbances were evaluated as well, including blurring, photophobia, night blindness and involuntary eyelid closure in response to light. Pupillary supersensitivity to PL and DPE and their relation to visual disturbances were found to be significantly greater in PD patients than in controls (22.3 ± 15.1 vs. 10.4 ± 11.4%, P < 0.005, and14.5 ± 14.5 vs. 4.9 ± 8.7%, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, pupillary sympathetic supersensitivity did not correlate with a reduction of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac accumulation. Patients with PD reported more blurred vision (P < 0.001) and involuntary eyelid closure in response to light (P < 0.05) than controls. Patients with supersensitivity to both PL and DPE complained more often of blurred vision than patients without supersensitivity (P < 0.05). Pupillary sensitivity to PL correlated significantly with a summed score for visual disturbance (P < 0.05, r = 0.417), but DPE sensitivity did not. PD patients have both parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic impairments affecting the pupil. Our findings demonstrate that parasympathetic dysfunction contributes significantly to visual disturbance in PD.
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Pupillary supersensitivity and visual disturbance in Parkinson’s disease
Clinical Autonomic Research, 2008Co-Authors: Norio Hori, Motoko Takamori, Fumitada Yamashita, Naoki Mabuchi, Masaaki Hirayama, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tomohiko Nakamura, Gen SobueAbstract:This study evaluated pupillary postganglionic autonomic dysfunction and its relationship to visual disturbance in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pupillary sensitivity was examined in relation to a parasympathomimetic agent [0.05% pilocarpine hydrochloride (PL)] and to a sympathomimetic agent [0.02% Dipivefrine hydrochloride (DPE)] using infrared pupillography in 40 PD patients and 17 age-matched controls. Visual disturbances were evaluated as well, including blurring, photophobia, night blindness and involuntary eyelid closure in response to light. Pupillary supersensitivity to PL and DPE and their relation to visual disturbances were found to be significantly greater in PD patients than in controls (22.3 ± 15.1 vs. 10.4 ± 11.4%, P
Norio Hori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pupillary autonomic dysfunction in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease: an assessment by eye-drop tests
Clinical Autonomic Research, 2010Co-Authors: Fumitada Yamashita, Motoko Takamori, Masaaki Hirayama, Norio Hori, Tomohiko Nakamura, K. Uchida, T. Hama, Gen SobueAbstract:Purpose To compare pupillary autonomic dysfunction in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods We administered eye-drop tests to 40 MSA patients, 40 PD patients with similar disease duration, and 20 age-matched healthy controls. Pupillary supersensitivity to a parasympathomimetic agent (0.05% pilocarpine hydrochloride) and to a sympathomimetic agent (0.02% Dipivefrine hydrochloride) was examined by assessing changes in pupil diameter. Results Pupillary supersensitivity to a parasympathomimetic agent (0.05% pilocarpine hydrochloride) and to a sympathomimetic agent (0.02% Dipivefrine hydrochloride) was examined by assessing changes in pupil diameter. Pupillary supersensitivity to 0.05% pilocarpine was greatest among the PD patients (PD −23.1 ± 14.4%, MSA −12.4 ± 11.5%, control −9.5 ± 8.2%, p
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pupillary supersensitivity and visual disturbance in parkinson s disease
Clinical Autonomic Research, 2008Co-Authors: Norio Hori, Motoko Takamori, Fumitada Yamashita, Naoki Mabuchi, Masaaki Hirayama, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tomohiko Nakamura, Hiroki Ito, Gen SobueAbstract:This study evaluated pupillary postganglionic autonomic dysfunction and its relationship to visual disturbance in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pupillary sensitivity was examined in relation to a parasympathomimetic agent [0.05% pilocarpine hydrochloride (PL)] and to a sympathomimetic agent [0.02% Dipivefrine hydrochloride (DPE)] using infrared pupillography in 40 PD patients and 17 age-matched controls. Visual disturbances were evaluated as well, including blurring, photophobia, night blindness and involuntary eyelid closure in response to light. Pupillary supersensitivity to PL and DPE and their relation to visual disturbances were found to be significantly greater in PD patients than in controls (22.3 ± 15.1 vs. 10.4 ± 11.4%, P < 0.005, and14.5 ± 14.5 vs. 4.9 ± 8.7%, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, pupillary sympathetic supersensitivity did not correlate with a reduction of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac accumulation. Patients with PD reported more blurred vision (P < 0.001) and involuntary eyelid closure in response to light (P < 0.05) than controls. Patients with supersensitivity to both PL and DPE complained more often of blurred vision than patients without supersensitivity (P < 0.05). Pupillary sensitivity to PL correlated significantly with a summed score for visual disturbance (P < 0.05, r = 0.417), but DPE sensitivity did not. PD patients have both parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic impairments affecting the pupil. Our findings demonstrate that parasympathetic dysfunction contributes significantly to visual disturbance in PD.
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Pupillary supersensitivity and visual disturbance in Parkinson’s disease
Clinical Autonomic Research, 2008Co-Authors: Norio Hori, Motoko Takamori, Fumitada Yamashita, Naoki Mabuchi, Masaaki Hirayama, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tomohiko Nakamura, Hiroki Ito, SobueAbstract:This study evaluated pupillary postganglionic autonomic dysfunction and its relationship to visual disturbance in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pupillary sensitivity was examined in relation to a parasympathomimetic agent [0.05% pilocarpine hydrochloride (PL)] and to a sympathomimetic agent [0.02% Dipivefrine hydrochloride (DPE)] using infrared pupillography in 40 PD patients and 17 age-matched controls. Visual disturbances were evaluated as well, including blurring, photophobia, night blindness and involuntary eyelid closure in response to light. Pupillary supersensitivity to PL and DPE and their relation to visual disturbances were found to be significantly greater in PD patients than in controls (22.3 ± 15.1 vs. 10.4 ± 11.4%, P < 0.005, and14.5 ± 14.5 vs. 4.9 ± 8.7%, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, pupillary sympathetic supersensitivity did not correlate with a reduction of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac accumulation. Patients with PD reported more blurred vision (P < 0.001) and involuntary eyelid closure in response to light (P < 0.05) than controls. Patients with supersensitivity to both PL and DPE complained more often of blurred vision than patients without supersensitivity (P < 0.05). Pupillary sensitivity to PL correlated significantly with a summed score for visual disturbance (P < 0.05, r = 0.417), but DPE sensitivity did not. PD patients have both parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic impairments affecting the pupil. Our findings demonstrate that parasympathetic dysfunction contributes significantly to visual disturbance in PD.
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Pupillary supersensitivity and visual disturbance in Parkinson’s disease
Clinical Autonomic Research, 2008Co-Authors: Norio Hori, Motoko Takamori, Fumitada Yamashita, Naoki Mabuchi, Masaaki Hirayama, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tomohiko Nakamura, Gen SobueAbstract:This study evaluated pupillary postganglionic autonomic dysfunction and its relationship to visual disturbance in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pupillary sensitivity was examined in relation to a parasympathomimetic agent [0.05% pilocarpine hydrochloride (PL)] and to a sympathomimetic agent [0.02% Dipivefrine hydrochloride (DPE)] using infrared pupillography in 40 PD patients and 17 age-matched controls. Visual disturbances were evaluated as well, including blurring, photophobia, night blindness and involuntary eyelid closure in response to light. Pupillary supersensitivity to PL and DPE and their relation to visual disturbances were found to be significantly greater in PD patients than in controls (22.3 ± 15.1 vs. 10.4 ± 11.4%, P
Michael Wolzt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of antiglaucoma drugs on ocular hemodynamics in healthy volunteers
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1997Co-Authors: Leopold Schmetterer, K. Strenn, Oliver Findl, Helene Breiteneder, Ursula Graselli, E. Agneter, Hans-georg Eichler, Michael WolztAbstract:Background and purpose There is evidence that ocular blood flow plays a critical role in the clinical course of glaucoma. Hence a reduction in ocular blood flow due to topical antiglaucoma treatment should be avoided. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of antiglaucoma drugs on ocular hemodynamics. Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study, we investigated the effects of single topical doses of five β-blocking agents (befunolol, betaxolol, levobunolol, metipranolol, and timolol), two adrenergic agents (clonidine and dipivefrin [INN, Dipivefrine]), and a parasympathomimetic agent (pilocarpine) on ocular and systemic hemodynamics in healthy subjects (n = 10). Fundus pulsation amplitudes in the macula and the optic disc were measured to characterize pulsatile choroidal and optic disc blood flow, respectively. Moreover, central retinal and ophthalmic artery blood flow velocities were measured by Doppler ultrasound. Results Befunolol, metipranolol, timolol, clonidine, and dipivefrin reduced fundus pulsations in the macula and the optic disc (−9% to −14% versus baseline). In contrast, betaxolol, levobunolol, and pilocarpine had no effect on fundus pulsations. Antiglaucoma drugs had no effect on either blood flow velocities in the central retinal or the ophthalmic artery or systemic hemodynamics. Conclusions Our results indicate that befunolol, metipranolol, timolol, clonidine, and dipivefrin reduce choroidal and optic disc blood flow. This could be caused by drug diffusion to the choroid, which may cause vasoconstriction. Ocular blood flow reduction was not observed with betaxolol, levobunolol, or pilocarpine. The lack of effect of all drugs under study on central retinal blood flow velocity might partially be the result of autoregulative mechanisms. Because optic nerve head blood flow likely plays a critical role in the clinical course of glaucoma, the use of antiglaucoma drugs, which reduce blood flow, should be reconsidered. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1997) 61, 583–595; doi:
M Nakazawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A case of suspected drug-induced ocular pemphigoid
Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi, 2001Co-Authors: M Kubo, T Sakuraba, Y Arai, M NakazawaAbstract:Lacrimal obstruction can occur as a complication of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. We report a patient who was diagnosed as having drug-induced ocular cicatricial pemphigoid associated with acquired lacrimal canalicular obstruction in spite of relatively mild subconjunctival scar formation. The patient was a 69-year-old woman. She had been treated for glaucoma, blepharoconjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, and lacrimal canalicular obstruction for two years with topical administration including 0.5% timolol maleate, 0.1% Dipivefrine hydrocholoride, 0.1% fluorometholone, and 0.3% ofloxacin. The patient had moderate conjunctival hyperemia without shortening of the inferior conjunctival sac, corneal ulceration, neovascularization, and keratinization. Lacrimal canalicular obstruction progressed further as topical ocular medications were continued. Topical anti-glaucoma medications were stopped after dacryocystorhinostomy. Although the blepharoconjunctivitis was improved, left inferior conjunctival symblepharon, and medical canthal keratinization was progressive despite the use of topical corticosteroids. The conjunctival biopsy specimen showed the lacrimal punctum covered with proliferated conjunctival epithelium. There was a moderate stromal infiltration of small lymphocytes and plasma cells. We diagnosed this patient as having drug-induced ocular cicatricial pemphigoid caused by topical anti-glaucoma medications. Lacrimal canalicular obstructions may occur with the topical anti-glaucoma medications even when subconjunctival scarring is mild.
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A case of suspected drug-induced ocular pemphigoid
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 2001Co-Authors: M Kubo, T Sakuraba, Y Arai, M NakazawaAbstract:Background Lacrimal obstruction can occur as a complication of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. We report a patient who was diagnosed as having drug-induced ocular cicatricial pemphigoid associated with acquired lacrimal canalicular obstruction in spite of relatively mild subconjunctival scar formation. Case The patient was a 69-year-old woman. She had been treated for glaucoma, blepharoconjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, and lacrimal canalicular obstruction for two years with topical administration including 0.5% timolol maleate, 0.1% Dipivefrine hydrocholoride, 0.1% fluorometholone, and 0.3% ofloxacin. The patient had moderate conjunctival hyperemia without shortening of the inferior conjunctival sac, corneal ulceration, neovascularization, and keratinization. Lacrimal canalicular obstruction progressed further as topical ocular medications were continued. Topical anti-glaucoma medications were stopped after dacryocystorhinostomy. Although the blepharoconjunctivitis was improved, left inferior conjunctival symblepharon, and medical canthal keratinization was progressive despite the use of topical corticosteroids. The conjunctival biopsy specimen showed the lacrimal punctum covered with proliferated conjunctival epithelium. There was a moderate stromal infiltration of small lymphocytes and plasma cells. We diagnosed this patient as having drug-induced ocular cicatricial pemphigoid caused by topical anti-glaucoma medications. Conclusion Lacrimal canalicular obstructions may occur with the topical anti-glaucoma medications even when subconjunctival scarring is mild.