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Rosalyn Middleton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gc ms identification of Sympathomimetic amine drugs in urine rapid methodology applicable for emergency clinical toxicology
Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2000Co-Authors: Jimmie L Valentine, Rosalyn MiddletonAbstract:A method was developed that permitted rapid identification in urine of the following Sympathomimetic amines: amphetamine, benzphetamine, cathinone, desmethylsegiline, diethylpropion, ephedrine, fenfluramine, mazindol, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, mescaline, methamphetamine, methcathinone, methylaminorex, methylphenidate, pemoline, phendimetrazine, phenylepherine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, and selegiline. In two c~-phenylethylamine-like monoamine oxidase inhibitors, phenelizine and tranylcypromine, were studied. Those Sympathomimetic amines containing a primary or secondary amine, a hydrazine, and/or hydroxyl (except mazindol) functional groups were derivatized effectively using an on-column derivatization technique that used a reagent consisting of 10% fluoroanhydride in hexane, whereas the other Sympathomimetic amines, including mazindol, were analyzed underivatized. Three different fluoroanhydrides, trifluoroacetic (TFAA), pentafluoropropionic (PFPA), and heptafluorobutyric (HFBA), and three different injection-port temperatures (160, 200, and 260~ were investigated. Both TFAA and PFPA gave Sympathomimetic amine derivatives with essentially identical retention times, whereas HFBA gave longer retention times and better separation of individual compounds. The base fragmentation ion was noted to increase 50 ainu (CF~) for each derivatized Sympathomimetic amine as the length of the carbon-fluorine chain increased. Fragmentation ion abundance was maximized at injection-port temperature of 260~ and this enhanced sensitivity coupled with the better chromatographic resolution of the individual Sympathomimetic amines prompted the selection of HFBA as the derivatizing agent of choice. Assignments were made for the fragmentation ions produced by each derivatized drug. The developed method was adapted to analyze urine specimens that might be encountered in emergency toxicology testing. For identification of Sympathomimetic
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gc ms identification of Sympathomimetic amine drugs in urine rapid methodology applicable for emergency clinical toxicology
Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2000Co-Authors: Jimmie L Valentine, Rosalyn MiddletonAbstract:A method was developed that permitted rapid identification in urine of the following Sympathomimetic amines: amphetamine, benzphetamine, cathinone, desmethylsegiline, diethylpropion, ephedrine, fenfluramine, mazindol, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, mescaline, methamphetamine, methcathinone, methylaminorex, methylphenidate, pemoline, phendimetrazine, phenylepherine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, and selegiline. In addition, two alpha-phenylethylamine-like monoamine oxidase inhibitors, phenelizine and tranylcypromine, were studied. Those Sympathomimetic amines containing a primary or secondary amine, a hydrazine, and/or hydroxyl (except mazindol) functional groups were derivatized effectively using an on-column derivatization technique that used a reagent consisting of 10% fluoroanhydride in hexane, whereas the other Sympathomimetic amines, including mazindol, were analyzed underivatized. Three different fluoroanhydrides, trifluoroacetic (TFAA), pentafluoropropionic (PFPA), and heptafluorobutyric (HFBA), and three different injection-port temperatures (160, 200, and 260 degrees C) were investigated. Both TFAA and PFPA gave Sympathomimetic amine derivatives with essentially identical retention times, whereas HFBA gave longer retention times and better separation of individual compounds. The base fragmentation ion was noted to increase 50 amu (CF2) for each derivatized Sympathomimetic amine as the length of the carbon-fluorine chain increased. Fragmentation ion abundance was maximized at an injection-port temperature of 260 degrees C, and this enhanced sensitivity coupled with the better chromatographic resolution of the individual Sympathomimetic amines prompted the selection of HFBA as the derivatizing agent of choice. Assignments were made for the fragmentation ions produced by each derivatized drug. The developed method was adapted to analyze urine specimens that might be encountered in emergency toxicology testing. For identification of Sympathomimetic amines requiring derivatization, 0.1 mL of the patient specimen had amphetamine-d5 and methamphetamine-d5 added as internal standard followed by adjustment of pH to 9.3 with borate buffer, extraction with 9:1 chloroform/isopropanol, centrifugation and separation of the organic phase, addition of 10% methanolic HCI and evaporation under nitrogen, reconstitution with HFBA reagent, and on-column derivatization during gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. For those Sympathomimetic amines not requiring derivatization, 1.0 mL of urine specimen had diazepam-d5 added as internal standard followed by the same extraction procedure and reconstitution accomplished with ethyl acetate. Because precolumn derivatization was eliminated and only 8 min was required for GC-MS analysis, complete analysis time was approximately 30 min, making the method suitable for clinical emergency toxicology purposes.
Teresa Herrero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sympathomimetic drug allergy: cross-reactivity study by patch test.
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Ruth Barranco, Manuel Barrio, Mā J. Trujillo, Consolación Frutos, Vāctor Matheu, Pilar Tornero, Ángel Rodríguez, Teresa HerreroAbstract:Introduction: Sympathomimetic (α-adrenergic) drugs are mainly used because of their vasoconstrictor properties, for nasal congestion, or as mydriatics. Although Sympathomimetic drugs are used often, allergic reactions are rare, especially when the drugs are administered systemically. Cross-reactivity may exist among catecholamine derivatives, although reported data on this are contradictory. In this study, we investigate if there is cross-reactivity in patch tests among these drugs.
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Sympathomimetic Drug Allergy
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2004Co-Authors: Ruth Barranco, Manuel Barrio, Mā J. Trujillo, Consolación Frutos, Vāctor Matheu, Pilar Tornero, Ángel Rodríguez, Teresa HerreroAbstract:Introduction: Sympathomimetic (α-adrenergic) drugs are mainly used because of their vasoconstrictor properties, for nasal congestion, or as mydriatics. Although Sympathomimetic drugs are used often, allergic reactions are rare, especially when the drugs are administered systemically. Cross-reactivity may exist among catecholamine derivatives, although reported data on this are contradictory. In this study, we investigate if there is cross-reactivity in patch tests among these drugs. Material and methods: Patch tests with 10% phenylephrine and 10% pseudoephedrine in petrolatum, and 10% and 20% ephedrine, 10% phenylpropanolamine, 5% fepradinol, 1% methoxamine, and 10% oxymetazoline, all administered in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were carried out in 14 patients with a history of allergy to any of these drugs. DMSO was used as the negative control. Results: All patients except one (patient number five) showed positive patch-test reactions to at least two different drugs. Nine patients (64.3%) were cross-sensitized to three or more different drugs, and 57.1% of patients were sensitized to four or more Sympathomimetic drugs. Patients who experienced generalized rashes caused by orally administered pseudoephedrine had a stronger response and more cross-reactivity with other Sympathomimetic drugs in patch tests than those who experienced local contact dermatitis. Conclusions: We conclude that there is cross-reactivity among the different Sympathomimetic drugs tested, especially if the drug is administered systemically.
Jimmie L Valentine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gc ms identification of Sympathomimetic amine drugs in urine rapid methodology applicable for emergency clinical toxicology
Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2000Co-Authors: Jimmie L Valentine, Rosalyn MiddletonAbstract:A method was developed that permitted rapid identification in urine of the following Sympathomimetic amines: amphetamine, benzphetamine, cathinone, desmethylsegiline, diethylpropion, ephedrine, fenfluramine, mazindol, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, mescaline, methamphetamine, methcathinone, methylaminorex, methylphenidate, pemoline, phendimetrazine, phenylepherine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, and selegiline. In two c~-phenylethylamine-like monoamine oxidase inhibitors, phenelizine and tranylcypromine, were studied. Those Sympathomimetic amines containing a primary or secondary amine, a hydrazine, and/or hydroxyl (except mazindol) functional groups were derivatized effectively using an on-column derivatization technique that used a reagent consisting of 10% fluoroanhydride in hexane, whereas the other Sympathomimetic amines, including mazindol, were analyzed underivatized. Three different fluoroanhydrides, trifluoroacetic (TFAA), pentafluoropropionic (PFPA), and heptafluorobutyric (HFBA), and three different injection-port temperatures (160, 200, and 260~ were investigated. Both TFAA and PFPA gave Sympathomimetic amine derivatives with essentially identical retention times, whereas HFBA gave longer retention times and better separation of individual compounds. The base fragmentation ion was noted to increase 50 ainu (CF~) for each derivatized Sympathomimetic amine as the length of the carbon-fluorine chain increased. Fragmentation ion abundance was maximized at injection-port temperature of 260~ and this enhanced sensitivity coupled with the better chromatographic resolution of the individual Sympathomimetic amines prompted the selection of HFBA as the derivatizing agent of choice. Assignments were made for the fragmentation ions produced by each derivatized drug. The developed method was adapted to analyze urine specimens that might be encountered in emergency toxicology testing. For identification of Sympathomimetic
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gc ms identification of Sympathomimetic amine drugs in urine rapid methodology applicable for emergency clinical toxicology
Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2000Co-Authors: Jimmie L Valentine, Rosalyn MiddletonAbstract:A method was developed that permitted rapid identification in urine of the following Sympathomimetic amines: amphetamine, benzphetamine, cathinone, desmethylsegiline, diethylpropion, ephedrine, fenfluramine, mazindol, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, mescaline, methamphetamine, methcathinone, methylaminorex, methylphenidate, pemoline, phendimetrazine, phenylepherine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, and selegiline. In addition, two alpha-phenylethylamine-like monoamine oxidase inhibitors, phenelizine and tranylcypromine, were studied. Those Sympathomimetic amines containing a primary or secondary amine, a hydrazine, and/or hydroxyl (except mazindol) functional groups were derivatized effectively using an on-column derivatization technique that used a reagent consisting of 10% fluoroanhydride in hexane, whereas the other Sympathomimetic amines, including mazindol, were analyzed underivatized. Three different fluoroanhydrides, trifluoroacetic (TFAA), pentafluoropropionic (PFPA), and heptafluorobutyric (HFBA), and three different injection-port temperatures (160, 200, and 260 degrees C) were investigated. Both TFAA and PFPA gave Sympathomimetic amine derivatives with essentially identical retention times, whereas HFBA gave longer retention times and better separation of individual compounds. The base fragmentation ion was noted to increase 50 amu (CF2) for each derivatized Sympathomimetic amine as the length of the carbon-fluorine chain increased. Fragmentation ion abundance was maximized at an injection-port temperature of 260 degrees C, and this enhanced sensitivity coupled with the better chromatographic resolution of the individual Sympathomimetic amines prompted the selection of HFBA as the derivatizing agent of choice. Assignments were made for the fragmentation ions produced by each derivatized drug. The developed method was adapted to analyze urine specimens that might be encountered in emergency toxicology testing. For identification of Sympathomimetic amines requiring derivatization, 0.1 mL of the patient specimen had amphetamine-d5 and methamphetamine-d5 added as internal standard followed by adjustment of pH to 9.3 with borate buffer, extraction with 9:1 chloroform/isopropanol, centrifugation and separation of the organic phase, addition of 10% methanolic HCI and evaporation under nitrogen, reconstitution with HFBA reagent, and on-column derivatization during gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. For those Sympathomimetic amines not requiring derivatization, 1.0 mL of urine specimen had diazepam-d5 added as internal standard followed by the same extraction procedure and reconstitution accomplished with ethyl acetate. Because precolumn derivatization was eliminated and only 8 min was required for GC-MS analysis, complete analysis time was approximately 30 min, making the method suitable for clinical emergency toxicology purposes.
Mario A. Inchiosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experience (mostly negative) with the use of Sympathomimetic agents for weight loss.
Journal of obesity, 2010Co-Authors: Mario A. InchiosaAbstract:Sympathomimetic agents have a poor history of long-term success in the treatment of obesity. From earlier experiences with amphetamine and its analogs, to more recent drugs with direct effects on adrenergic receptors or indirect effects from release of catecholamines or inhibition of reuptake, cardiovascular toxicity (strokes and cardiac arrhythmias) has been the major concern. These concerns also extended to food supplements containing ephedra alkaloids and may require consideration for current supplements containing the Sympathomimetic drug, synephrine.
Ruth Barranco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sympathomimetic drug allergy: cross-reactivity study by patch test.
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Ruth Barranco, Manuel Barrio, Mā J. Trujillo, Consolación Frutos, Vāctor Matheu, Pilar Tornero, Ángel Rodríguez, Teresa HerreroAbstract:Introduction: Sympathomimetic (α-adrenergic) drugs are mainly used because of their vasoconstrictor properties, for nasal congestion, or as mydriatics. Although Sympathomimetic drugs are used often, allergic reactions are rare, especially when the drugs are administered systemically. Cross-reactivity may exist among catecholamine derivatives, although reported data on this are contradictory. In this study, we investigate if there is cross-reactivity in patch tests among these drugs.
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Sympathomimetic Drug Allergy
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2004Co-Authors: Ruth Barranco, Manuel Barrio, Mā J. Trujillo, Consolación Frutos, Vāctor Matheu, Pilar Tornero, Ángel Rodríguez, Teresa HerreroAbstract:Introduction: Sympathomimetic (α-adrenergic) drugs are mainly used because of their vasoconstrictor properties, for nasal congestion, or as mydriatics. Although Sympathomimetic drugs are used often, allergic reactions are rare, especially when the drugs are administered systemically. Cross-reactivity may exist among catecholamine derivatives, although reported data on this are contradictory. In this study, we investigate if there is cross-reactivity in patch tests among these drugs. Material and methods: Patch tests with 10% phenylephrine and 10% pseudoephedrine in petrolatum, and 10% and 20% ephedrine, 10% phenylpropanolamine, 5% fepradinol, 1% methoxamine, and 10% oxymetazoline, all administered in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were carried out in 14 patients with a history of allergy to any of these drugs. DMSO was used as the negative control. Results: All patients except one (patient number five) showed positive patch-test reactions to at least two different drugs. Nine patients (64.3%) were cross-sensitized to three or more different drugs, and 57.1% of patients were sensitized to four or more Sympathomimetic drugs. Patients who experienced generalized rashes caused by orally administered pseudoephedrine had a stronger response and more cross-reactivity with other Sympathomimetic drugs in patch tests than those who experienced local contact dermatitis. Conclusions: We conclude that there is cross-reactivity among the different Sympathomimetic drugs tested, especially if the drug is administered systemically.
