The Experts below are selected from a list of 151794 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Avinash Dixit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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international trade foreign Direct Investment and security
Annual Review of Economics, 2011Co-Authors: Avinash DixitAbstract:The main focus of this review is on international trade and foreign Direct Investment when the institutions that provide the security of property rights and enforcement of contracts are imperfect. Some issues of national security related to poor governance of international transactions are also considered. The discussion organizes a selective overview of the literature and offers some suggestions for future research.
Wolfgang Keller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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international trade foreign Direct Investment and technology spillovers
Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, 2010Co-Authors: Wolfgang KellerAbstract:This chapter examines how international flows of technological knowledge affect economic performance across industries and firms across different countries. Motivated by the large share of the world's technology Investments made by firms that are active across country borders, we focus on international trade and multinational enterprise activity as conduits for technological externalities, or spillovers. In addition to a review of recent empirical research on technology spillovers through trade and foreign Direct Investment, the discussion guided by a model of foreign Direct Investment, trade, and endogenous technology transfer. There is evidence for technology spillovers from both international trade and the activity of multinational enterprises. The analysis highlights challenges for future empirical research, as well as the need for additional data on technology and innovation.
Eric Neumayer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between double taxation treaties and foreign Direct Investment
Tax Treaties: Building Bridges between law and economics 2010 ISBN 978-90-8722-085-3 págs. 3-18, 2010Co-Authors: Fabian Barthel, Matthias Busse, Richard Krever, Eric NeumayerAbstract:This paper explores the question whether entering into double tax treaties leads to more foreign Investment. The topic has been the subject of a number of studies that have generated inconsistent results. The paper reviews previous studies and notes the limitations that may have affected their results. It reports on a comprehensive regression analysis survey that drew upon a far larger data set and considered more independent variables than previous studies. The study found that the strong correlation between entering into double tax treaties and attracting more foreign Direct Investment is stronger than the relationship with most other independent variables. It considers, however, whether there may be other exogenous factors that can explain both the increase in treaties and in foreign Direct Investment.
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trade openness foreign Direct Investment and child labor
World Development, 2005Co-Authors: Eric Neumayer, Indra De SoysaAbstract:Summary The skeptics of globalization argue that increased trade openness and foreign Direct Investment induce developing countries to keep labor costs low, for example, by letting children work. This article argues that there are good theoretical reasons why globalization might actually have the opposite effect. We test this with various measures of child labor and provide the first analysis of foreign Investment in addition to trade. We present evidence that countries that are more open to trade and/or have a higher stock of foreign Direct Investment also have a lower incidence of child labor. This holds for the labor force participation rate of 10–14-year old children, the secondary school nonattendance rate and a count measure of economic sectors with child labor incidence as the dependent variables. Globalization is associated with less, not more, child labor.
James R Markusen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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foreign Direct Investment in services and the domestic market for expertise
Research Papers in Economics, 2000Co-Authors: James R Markusen, Thomas F Rutherford, David G TarrAbstract:A growing body of evidence suggests that the close availability of diverse business services is important for economic growth. Producer services such as managerial and engineering consulting can provide specialized knowledge to help domestic firms develop at lower unit cost. But these intermediate services are often nontraded, or costly to trade, which may be one reason that cities and industrial complexes form and economic performance differs across regions. Because services are costly to trade, foreign services are best transferred through foreign Direct Investment. This has important implications for public policy. Policies that affect foreign Direct Investment differ considerably from those that affect trade in goods. The authors develop a model of services, results from which show that: A) Liberalizing restraints on inward foreign Direct Investment has a powerful positive impact on the income and welfare of the importing country. The impact is much stronger than in traditional competitive models of trade in goods. B) Policies to protect domestic skilled labor against competition from imported services can have the perverse effect of lowering returns to domestic skilled labor-because while imported services economize on the use of domestic skilled labor (compared with domestic service industries), the positive effects on scale and productivity in the downstream industry can be powerful enough that the real wages of domestic skilled labor rise after the liberalization of foreign Direct Investment in service industries. In other words, domestic skilled labor and foreign Direct Investment are partial-equilibrium substitutes in the model but are typically general-equilibrium complements. C)The increase in the variety of imported services leads to increased total factor productivity in downstream industries, but the relative impact on downstream industries depends on how intensively they use intermediate services. The differential in effects on productivity in the production of final goods can be strong enough that permitting foreign Direct Investment can actually affect whether a good is exported rather than being imported. Policymakers should be aware that protection of a domestic service industry affects different constituencies differently. Although domestic capital owners may be adversely affected by foreign Direct Investment, domestic skilled workers in the industry are likely to see demand for their skills-and their real wages-rise. Moreover, downstream industries that use the service unambiguously benefit from foreign Direct Investment and their expansion can be surprisingly strong.
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exploring new markets Direct Investment contractual relations and the multinational enterprise
International Economic Review, 1996Co-Authors: Ignatius J Horstmann, James R MarkusenAbstract:We consider the multinational firm's decision on whether to enter a new market immediately via Direct Investment or to contract initially with a local agent and (possibly) invest later. Use of a local agent allows the multinational to avoid costly mistakes by finding out if the market is large enough to support Direct Investment. However, the agent is able to extract information rents from the multinational due to being better informed about market characteristics. We find that Direct Investment is the desirable mode of entry when the market is on average large and the variability in profits is not.
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exploring new markets Direct Investment contractual relations and the multinational enterprise
National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995Co-Authors: Ignatius J Horstmann, James R MarkusenAbstract:We consider the multinational firm's decision on whether to enter a new market immediately via Direct Investment or to contract initially with a local agent and (possibly) invest later. Use of a local agent allows the multinational to avoid costly mistakes by finding out if the market is large enough to support Direct Investment. However, the agent is able to extract information rents from the multinational due to being better informed about market characteristics. We find that Direct Investment is the desirable mode of entry when the market is on average large and there is little down- side risk in expected profits.
Indra De Soysa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trade openness foreign Direct Investment and child labor
World Development, 2005Co-Authors: Eric Neumayer, Indra De SoysaAbstract:Summary The skeptics of globalization argue that increased trade openness and foreign Direct Investment induce developing countries to keep labor costs low, for example, by letting children work. This article argues that there are good theoretical reasons why globalization might actually have the opposite effect. We test this with various measures of child labor and provide the first analysis of foreign Investment in addition to trade. We present evidence that countries that are more open to trade and/or have a higher stock of foreign Direct Investment also have a lower incidence of child labor. This holds for the labor force participation rate of 10–14-year old children, the secondary school nonattendance rate and a count measure of economic sectors with child labor incidence as the dependent variables. Globalization is associated with less, not more, child labor.