The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Junhai Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimizing the conditions for the microwave assisted Direct Liquefaction of ulva prolifera for bio oil production using response surface methodology
Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Junhai Liu, Limei Chen, Yingbin Zhuang, Jingxue GuoAbstract:Abstract Microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction (MADL) of Ulva prolifera was performed in ethylene glycol (EG) using sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) as a catalyst. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to optimize the conditions of three independent variables (catalyst content, solvent-to-feedstock ratio and temperature) for the Liquefaction yield. And the bio-oil was analyzed by elementary analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The maximum Liquefaction yield was 93.17%, which was obtained under a microwave power of 600 W for 30 min at 165 °C with a solvent-to-feedstock ratio of 18.87:1 and 4.93% sulfuric acid. The bio-oil was mainly composed of phthalic acid esters, alkenes and a fatty acid methyl ester with a long chain from C 16 to C 20 .
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Process optimization for microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction of Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh using response surface methodology
Bioresource technology, 2012Co-Authors: Jingxue Guo, Yingbin Zhuang, Limei Chen, Junhai LiuAbstract:Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction of Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh in ethylene glycol (EG) with H 2 SO 4 as a catalyst. Based on the results of single factor experiments, EG-to-feedstock ratio, temperature and catalyst content were chosen as independent variables for a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The optimal Liquefaction conditions were estimated as: the EG-to-feedstock ratio of 18.50:1 (w/w), the temperature of 170 °C, the reaction time of 15 min, catalyst content of 9.6% (catalyst/EG, w/w%) and microwave power of 400 W with the Liquefaction yield of 87.70%. The bio-oils were mainly composed of fatty acid methyl ester and alkane with a long chain from C 17 to C 20 .
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Microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction of Ulva prolifera for bio-oil production by acid catalysis
Bioresource technology, 2012Co-Authors: Yingbin Zhuang, Jingxue Guo, Limei Chen, Junhai LiuAbstract:Abstract Production of bio-oil by microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction (MADL) of Ulva prolifera was investigated, and the bio-oil was analyzed by elementary analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results indicate that the Liquefaction yield is influenced by the microwave power, Liquefaction temperature, Liquefaction time, catalyst content, solvent-to-feedstock ratio and moisture content. The maximum Liquefaction yield of U. prolifera (moisture content of 8%) was 84.81%, which was obtained under microwave power of 600 W for 30 min at 180 °C with solvent-to-feedstock ratio of 16:1 and 6% H2SO4. The bio-oil was composed of benzenecarboxylic acid, diethyl phthalate, long-chain fatty acids (C13 to C18), fatty acid methyl esters and water. The results suggest that U. prolifera is a viable eco-friendly, green feedstock substitute for biofuels and chemicals production.
Zhen Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Direct Liquefaction of dunaliella tertiolecta for bio oil in sub supercritical ethanol water
Bioresource Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Yu Chen, Mingde Yang, Yulong Wu, Chun Li, Peiling Zhang, Zhen ChenAbstract:This paper presents bio-oil preparation by Direct Liquefaction of Dunaliella tertiolecta (D. tertiolecta) with sub/supercritical ethanol-water as the medium in a batch autoclave with high temperature and high pressure. The results indicated that ethanol and water showed synergistic effects on Direct Liquefaction of D. tertiolecta. The maximum bio-oil yield was 64.68%, with an optimal D. tertiolecta conversion of 98.24% in sub/supercritical ethanol-water. The detailed chemical compositional analysis of the bio-oil was performed using an EA, FT-IR, and GC-MS. The empirical formulas of the bio-oil obtained using the ethanol-water co-solvent (40%, v/v) and sole water as the reaction medium were CH(1.52)O(0.14)N(0.06) and CH(1.43)O(0.23)N(0.09), with calorific values of 34.96 and 29.80 MJ kg(-1), respectively. XPS and SEM results showed that ethanol-water is a very effective reaction medium in the Liquefaction. A plausible reaction mechanism of the main chemical component in D. tertiolecta is proposed based on our results and the literatures.
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Direct Liquefaction of Dunaliella tertiolecta for bio-oil in sub/supercritical ethanol-water.
Bioresource technology, 2012Co-Authors: Yu Chen, Mingde Yang, Peiling Zhang, Zhen Chen, Derun Hua, Ji LiuAbstract:This paper presents bio-oil preparation by Direct Liquefaction of Dunaliella tertiolecta (D. tertiolecta) with sub/supercritical ethanol-water as the medium in a batch autoclave with high temperature and high pressure. The results indicated that ethanol and water showed synergistic effects on Direct Liquefaction of D. tertiolecta. The maximum bio-oil yield was 64.68%, with an optimal D. tertiolecta conversion of 98.24% in sub/supercritical ethanol-water. The detailed chemical compositional analysis of the bio-oil was performed using an EA, FT-IR, and GC-MS. The empirical formulas of the bio-oil obtained using the ethanol-water co-solvent (40%, v/v) and sole water as the reaction medium were CH(1.52)O(0.14)N(0.06) and CH(1.43)O(0.23)N(0.09), with calorific values of 34.96 and 29.80 MJ kg(-1), respectively. XPS and SEM results showed that ethanol-water is a very effective reaction medium in the Liquefaction. A plausible reaction mechanism of the main chemical component in D. tertiolecta is proposed based on our results and the literatures.
Peiling Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Direct Liquefaction of dunaliella tertiolecta for bio oil in sub supercritical ethanol water
Bioresource Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Yu Chen, Mingde Yang, Yulong Wu, Chun Li, Peiling Zhang, Zhen ChenAbstract:This paper presents bio-oil preparation by Direct Liquefaction of Dunaliella tertiolecta (D. tertiolecta) with sub/supercritical ethanol-water as the medium in a batch autoclave with high temperature and high pressure. The results indicated that ethanol and water showed synergistic effects on Direct Liquefaction of D. tertiolecta. The maximum bio-oil yield was 64.68%, with an optimal D. tertiolecta conversion of 98.24% in sub/supercritical ethanol-water. The detailed chemical compositional analysis of the bio-oil was performed using an EA, FT-IR, and GC-MS. The empirical formulas of the bio-oil obtained using the ethanol-water co-solvent (40%, v/v) and sole water as the reaction medium were CH(1.52)O(0.14)N(0.06) and CH(1.43)O(0.23)N(0.09), with calorific values of 34.96 and 29.80 MJ kg(-1), respectively. XPS and SEM results showed that ethanol-water is a very effective reaction medium in the Liquefaction. A plausible reaction mechanism of the main chemical component in D. tertiolecta is proposed based on our results and the literatures.
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Direct Liquefaction of Dunaliella tertiolecta for bio-oil in sub/supercritical ethanol-water.
Bioresource technology, 2012Co-Authors: Yu Chen, Mingde Yang, Peiling Zhang, Zhen Chen, Derun Hua, Ji LiuAbstract:This paper presents bio-oil preparation by Direct Liquefaction of Dunaliella tertiolecta (D. tertiolecta) with sub/supercritical ethanol-water as the medium in a batch autoclave with high temperature and high pressure. The results indicated that ethanol and water showed synergistic effects on Direct Liquefaction of D. tertiolecta. The maximum bio-oil yield was 64.68%, with an optimal D. tertiolecta conversion of 98.24% in sub/supercritical ethanol-water. The detailed chemical compositional analysis of the bio-oil was performed using an EA, FT-IR, and GC-MS. The empirical formulas of the bio-oil obtained using the ethanol-water co-solvent (40%, v/v) and sole water as the reaction medium were CH(1.52)O(0.14)N(0.06) and CH(1.43)O(0.23)N(0.09), with calorific values of 34.96 and 29.80 MJ kg(-1), respectively. XPS and SEM results showed that ethanol-water is a very effective reaction medium in the Liquefaction. A plausible reaction mechanism of the main chemical component in D. tertiolecta is proposed based on our results and the literatures.
Jingxue Guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimizing the conditions for the microwave assisted Direct Liquefaction of ulva prolifera for bio oil production using response surface methodology
Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Junhai Liu, Limei Chen, Yingbin Zhuang, Jingxue GuoAbstract:Abstract Microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction (MADL) of Ulva prolifera was performed in ethylene glycol (EG) using sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) as a catalyst. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to optimize the conditions of three independent variables (catalyst content, solvent-to-feedstock ratio and temperature) for the Liquefaction yield. And the bio-oil was analyzed by elementary analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The maximum Liquefaction yield was 93.17%, which was obtained under a microwave power of 600 W for 30 min at 165 °C with a solvent-to-feedstock ratio of 18.87:1 and 4.93% sulfuric acid. The bio-oil was mainly composed of phthalic acid esters, alkenes and a fatty acid methyl ester with a long chain from C 16 to C 20 .
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Process optimization for microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction of Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh using response surface methodology
Bioresource technology, 2012Co-Authors: Jingxue Guo, Yingbin Zhuang, Limei Chen, Junhai LiuAbstract:Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction of Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh in ethylene glycol (EG) with H 2 SO 4 as a catalyst. Based on the results of single factor experiments, EG-to-feedstock ratio, temperature and catalyst content were chosen as independent variables for a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The optimal Liquefaction conditions were estimated as: the EG-to-feedstock ratio of 18.50:1 (w/w), the temperature of 170 °C, the reaction time of 15 min, catalyst content of 9.6% (catalyst/EG, w/w%) and microwave power of 400 W with the Liquefaction yield of 87.70%. The bio-oils were mainly composed of fatty acid methyl ester and alkane with a long chain from C 17 to C 20 .
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Microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction of Ulva prolifera for bio-oil production by acid catalysis
Bioresource technology, 2012Co-Authors: Yingbin Zhuang, Jingxue Guo, Limei Chen, Junhai LiuAbstract:Abstract Production of bio-oil by microwave-assisted Direct Liquefaction (MADL) of Ulva prolifera was investigated, and the bio-oil was analyzed by elementary analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results indicate that the Liquefaction yield is influenced by the microwave power, Liquefaction temperature, Liquefaction time, catalyst content, solvent-to-feedstock ratio and moisture content. The maximum Liquefaction yield of U. prolifera (moisture content of 8%) was 84.81%, which was obtained under microwave power of 600 W for 30 min at 180 °C with solvent-to-feedstock ratio of 16:1 and 6% H2SO4. The bio-oil was composed of benzenecarboxylic acid, diethyl phthalate, long-chain fatty acids (C13 to C18), fatty acid methyl esters and water. The results suggest that U. prolifera is a viable eco-friendly, green feedstock substitute for biofuels and chemicals production.
Gerald P. Huffman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conversion of waste plastic to oil : Direct Liquefaction versus pyrolysis and hydroprocessing
Energy & Fuels, 1999Co-Authors: Naresh Shah, Jeff Rockwell, Gerald P. HuffmanAbstract:Two approaches for the conversion of waste post consumer plastic (PCP) into oil have been investigated: (1) Direct Liquefaction and (2) pyrolysis followed by hydprocessing of the pyrolysis liquids...
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Direct Liquefaction of waste plastics and coLiquefaction of coal-plastic mixtures
Fuel Processing Technology, 1996Co-Authors: Zhen Feng, Jeff Rockwell, Jianmin Zhao, Dan Bailey, Gerald P. HuffmanAbstract:We have conducted further investigations of the Direct Liquefaction reactions of waste plastics, medium and high density polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PPE) and coal-plastic mixtures, varying the catalyst, temperature, gas, pressure, time and solvent. The experiments used four types of catalysts: a commercial HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, and three catalysts synthesized in our laboratory, ferrihydrite treated with citric acid, coprecipitated Al2O3SiO2, and a ternary ferrihydrite-Al2O3SiO2. For Direct Liquefaction of plastics alone, a solid acid catalyst such as HZSM-5 or Al2O3SiO2 markedly improves oil and total liquid yields, as determined by pentane and THF solubility, respectively. Yields are higher when using either a waste oil solvent or no solvent than using tetralin as the solvent. For PE, temperatures of 430 °C or higher are required for good yields, while PPE gives excellent yields at 420 °C. A commingled plastic provided by the American Plastics Council (APC) exhibited peak oil and total liquid yields at 445–460 °C. The oil yields and total liquid from PE (HZSM-5, 430 °C) and the APC commingled waste plastic decreased only slightly with decreasing hydrogen pressure (from 800 to 100 psig H2 (cold)). Furthermore, yields were as high under nitrogen (200–600 psig, cold) as under hydrogen. CoLiquefaction experiments were conducted on 50-50 mixtures of PE, PPE and the APC plastic with Black Thunder coal. For these experiments, the best results were obtained when the solvent was tetralin or a mixture of tetralin and waste oil. Lower yields were observed with only waste oil or with no solvent. Either HZSM-5 or Al2O3SiO2-ferrihydrite increased oil and total yields by approximately 10% at 460 °C. Under the same conditions, yields from a PPE-coal mixture were substantially higher than those from a PE-coal mixture.
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Direct Liquefaction of plastics and coLiquefaction of coal-plastic mixtures
1995Co-Authors: Gerald P. Huffman, Zhen Feng, Vikram MahajanAbstract:In previous work, we have investigated the Direct Liquefaction of medium and high density polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PPE), poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET), and a mixed plastic waste, and the coLiquefaction of these plastics with coals of three different ranks. The results established that a solid acid catalyst(HZSM-5 zeolite) was highly active for the Liquefaction of the plastics alone, typically giving oil yields of 80-95% and total conversions of 90-100% at temperatures of 430-450{degrees}C. In the coLiquefaction experiments, 50:50 mixtures of plastic and coal were used with a tetralin solvent(tetralin:solid = 3:2). Using {approximately}1% of the HZSM-5 catalyst and a nanoscale iron catalyst, oil yields of 50-70% and total conversions of 80-90% were typical. Our earlier work on the coLiquefaction of paper(newsprint) with coal also established that high total conversions were obtained; however, the gas yields were high, while the oil yields were moderate. In the current work, we have conducted further investigations of the Liquefaction reactions of PE and the coLiquefaction reactions of PE, PPE and Black Thunder subbituminous coal. We have also investigated the coLiquefaction reactions of PE, PPE, and newsprint. Several different catalysts have been used in these studies. Initial work has been completed on the Direct Liquefaction of amore » commingled waste plastic obtained from the American Plastics Council.« less
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Direct Liquefaction of plastics and plastic-coal mixtures
1995Co-Authors: Gerald P. Huffman, Zhen Feng, Vikram MahajanAbstract:Direct Liquefaction experiments have been conducted on a variety of individual plastic resins, a mixed waste plastic prepared in the laboratory and a commingled plastic from a recycling center in Oregon provided by the American Plastics Council. CoLiquefaction experiments have performed on mixtures(usually 50:50) of the waste plastics, polyethylene, and polypropylene with coal. Most of the work has been done with Black Thunder subbituminous coal. An HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst and several nanoscale binary ferrihydrite(FHYD) catalysts have been used. A range of Liquefaction conditions his been explored: T = 400-460 {degrees}C, P = 100-800 psig H{sub 2}(cold) or 200-600 N{sub 2}(cold), time = 20-60 min., solvent = tetralin, waste oil, or none. The HZSM-5 catalyst is very effective for polyethylene and polypropylene, which exhibit oil yields of up to 95% and total conversions up to 100% at temperatures of 420-430 {degrees}C. With the same catalyst, the mixed waste plastics and the commingled waste plastic exhibit oil yields as high as 80-90% and total conversions of 90-95% at somewhat higher temperatures(450-465 {degrees}C). The FHYD catalysts are somewhat less active for plastic Liquefaction than the HZSM-5, but also produce oil yields and total conversions that are very reasonable. A range of coLiquefaction experimentsmore » were performed on plastics/coal mixtures; oil yields of 40-80% and total conversions of 70-90% were observed.« less