The Experts below are selected from a list of 284853 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fanqiang Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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kinetics evaluation and thermal decomposition characteristics of co Pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge and hazelnut shell
Bioresource Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Bing Zhao, Xi Chen, Fanqiang ZengAbstract:Abstract Hazelnut shell, as novel biomass, has lower ash content and abundant hydrocarbon, which can be utilized resourcefully with municipal sewage sludge (MSS) by co-pyrolyisis to decrease total content of pollution. The co-Pyrolysis of MSS and hazelnut shell blend was analyzed by a method of multi-heating rates and different blend ratios with TG-DTG-MS under N 2 atmosphere. The apparent activation energy of co-Pyrolysis was calculated by three iso-conversional methods. Satava–Sestak method was used to determine mechanism function G(α) of co-Pyrolysis, and Lorentzian function was used to simulate multi-peaks curves. The results showed there were four thermal decomposition stages, and the biomass were cracked and evolved at different temperature ranges. The apparent activation energy increased from 123.99 to 608.15 kJ/mol. The reaction mechanism of co-Pyrolysis is random nucleation and nuclei growth. The apparent activation energy and mechanism function afford a theoretical groundwork for co-Pyrolysis technology.
M. Ragazzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pyrolysis Analysis and Solid Residue Stabilization of Polymers, Waste Tyres, Spruce Sawdust and Sewage Sludge
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2010Co-Authors: M. Grigiante, M. Ischia, M. Baratieri, R. Dal Maschio, M. RagazziAbstract:Purpose The Pyrolysis thermal treatment of several waste such as polymers (PE, PVC, PS), sewage sludge, tyres, waste wood as spruce sawdust and the successive stabilization of the Pyrolysis residue has been investigated on analytical and energetic point of view. This thermal process has been considered as it allows the reduction of the waste mass with the recovery of its energy content, through the exploitation of the produced gas phase as fuel. Methods Analyzed plastics are pure polymers: Polyethylene “Riblene FF22” and polystyrene “Edistir 1910” furnished by Enichem, while polyvinylchloride has been a K57 PVC furnished by EVC. The sewage sludge sample derives from the urban wastewater treatment plant of Trento, while the waste tyre is a SMR 10 Marangoni tyre. Spruce sawdust has been furnished by a neighbouring sawmill. The Pyrolysis of the above indicated solid waste was studied by thermogravimetry coupled to mass spectrometry, TG-MS and TG-GC–MS. This analytical approach was followed by pyrplysis tests, carried out on a selection of the waste materials, by using a Pyrolysis bench scale reactor. Result The Pyrolysis of all the wastes takes place in the range of 400–600°C and leads the reduction of the 90% of the mass for plastics, 50% for sludge, and ca. 60% for tyres, with production of a fuel gas phase particularly rich in hydrocarbons, with a estimated LHV from 15 to 32.8 MJ/kg for sewage sludge and plastics, respectively. A schematic energetic analysis is proposed implementing the Pyrolysis stage with a vitrification process in order to obtain, in particular for sewage sludge residue, a product environmental friendly to use as raw material in industry. Conclusions The promising perspective of a two steps Pyrolysis–vitrification process has been investigated to exploit the heating power of the resulting gas phase and to solve the environmental impact of heavy metals. The proposed analytical and energetic analysis looks promising for future improvements of this type of processes.
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Pyrolysis Analysis and Solid Residue Stabilization of Polymers, Waste Tyres, Spruce Sawdust and Sewage Sludge
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2010Co-Authors: M. Grigiante, M. Ischia, M. Baratieri, R. Dal Maschio, M. RagazziAbstract:Purpose The Pyrolysis thermal treatment of several waste such as polymers (PE, PVC, PS), sewage sludge, tyres, waste wood as spruce sawdust and the successive stabilization of the Pyrolysis residue has been investigated on analytical and energetic point of view. This thermal process has been considered as it allows the reduction of the waste mass with the recovery of its energy content, through the exploitation of the produced gas phase as fuel. Methods Analyzed plastics are pure polymers: Polyethylene “Riblene FF22” and polystyrene “Edistir 1910” furnished by Enichem, while polyvinylchloride has been a K57 PVC furnished by EVC. The sewage sludge sample derives from the urban wastewater treatment plant of Trento, while the waste tyre is a SMR 10 Marangoni tyre. Spruce sawdust has been furnished by a neighbouring sawmill. The Pyrolysis of the above indicated solid waste was studied by thermogravimetry coupled to mass spectrometry, TG-MS and TG-GC–MS. This analytical approach was followed by pyrplysis tests, carried out on a selection of the waste materials, by using a Pyrolysis bench scale reactor. Result The Pyrolysis of all the wastes takes place in the range of 400–600°C and leads the reduction of the 90% of the mass for plastics, 50% for sludge, and ca. 60% for tyres, with production of a fuel gas phase particularly rich in hydrocarbons, with a estimated LHV from 15 to 32.8 MJ/kg for sewage sludge and plastics, respectively. A schematic energetic analysis is proposed implementing the Pyrolysis stage with a vitrification process in order to obtain, in particular for sewage sludge residue, a product environmental friendly to use as raw material in industry. Conclusions The promising perspective of a two steps Pyrolysis–vitrification process has been investigated to exploit the heating power of the resulting gas phase and to solve the environmental impact of heavy metals. The proposed analytical and energetic analysis looks promising for future improvements of this type of processes.
Bojan Janković - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Apricot kernel shells Pyrolysis controlled by non-isothermal simultaneous thermal analysis (STA)
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2020Co-Authors: Nebojša Manić, Bojan Janković, Milena Pijović, Hadi Waisi, Vladimir Dodevski, Dragoslava Stojiljković, Vladimir JovanovićAbstract:In order to clarify relationship between apricot kernel shell biomass slow Pyrolysis mechanism and its main constituents (viz. hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin), the reactivity effects of main constituents on Pyrolysis characteristics were determined by the non-isothermal simultaneous thermal analysis. It was found that four-step (parallel) reaction model is suitable for studying the slow Pyrolysis process, within the semi-global model which excludes the strong interaction between biomass constituents (pseudo-components). The application of the proposed model was allowed by the results obtained from KAS iterative isoconversional (model-free) approach. The valorization of the model was confirmed by the process optimization. The complex (cumulative) apricot kernel shell Pyrolysis rate curves at different heating rates are successfully resolved into the individual decomposition rate curves (arising from thermal conversion of hemicelluloses, cellulose, and primary/secondary lignin fragments) by four-parameter Fraser–Suzuki function. Besides hemicelluloses and cellulose pyrolyses, the proposed model distinguishes primary and secondary lignin reactions, which enhance the gaseous products releasing (primarily CO and CO_2 gases) and charification of the solid residue (increased the bio-char yield).
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The Pyrolysis process of wood biomass samples under isothermal experimental conditions—energy density considerations: application of the distributed apparent activation energy model with a mixture of distribution functions
Cellulose, 2014Co-Authors: Bojan JankovićAbstract:This work deals with the isothermal Pyrolysis of Pine and Beech wood samples and kinetic studies, using the thermo-analytical technique, at five different operating temperatures. Pyrolysis processes were investigated by using the distributed apparent activation energy model, which involves the complex mixture of different continuous distribution functions. It was found that decomposition processes of wood pseudo-components take place in different conversion areas during entire pyrolyses, whereby these areas, as well as the changes in apparent activation energy ( E _a) values, are not the same for softwood and hardwood samples. Bulk density (Bden) and energy density (ED) considerations have shown that both biomass samples suffer from low Bden and ED values. It was concluded that Pyrolysis can be used as a means of decreasing transportation costs of wood biomass materials, thus increasing energy density. The “pseudo” kinetic compensation effect was identified, which arises from kinetic model variation and wood species variation. In the current extensive study, it was concluded that primary Pyrolysis refers to decomposition reactions of any of three major constituents of the considered wood samples. Also, it was established that primary reactions may proceed in parallel with simultaneous decomposition of lignin, hemicelluloses and cellulose in the different regions of wood samples, depending on the operating temperature. It was established that endothermic effects dominate, which are characterized with devolatilization and formation of volatile products. It has been suggested that the endothermic behavior that arises from pyrolyses of considered samples may indicate the endothermic depolymerization sequence of cellulose structures.
Zhizhou Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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leaching of heavy metals from fast Pyrolysis residues produced from different particle sizes of sewage sludge
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014Co-Authors: Hongmei Jin, Renato O Arazo, Jun Gao, Sergio C Capareda, Zhizhou ChangAbstract:Abstract Pyrolysis residues produced from three particle sizes of sewage sludge using fluidized bed at 500 °C were subjected to toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) leaching tests to assess the potential release and bioavailability of heavy metals in their Pyrolysis residues. Results showed that the smallest particle of sewage sludge produced the highest Pyrolysis residue. Most functional characteristics of the Pyrolysis residues were similar to those of sewage sludge itself, and some specific functional groups formed after fast Pyrolysis. All heavy metals in feedstock sewage sludge were kept in Pyrolysis residue except As, and their contents were enriched 2.5–3.5 times in Pyrolysis residues. Pyrolysis residues obtained from larger particles of sewage sludge would cause excessive level of Cu and Zn. Although the fast Pyrolysis significantly suppressed heavy metals leaching from residues, the leaching pattern of heavy metals was different between Pyrolysis residues produced from the three particle sizes of sewage sludge. Specifically, Cu, Zn and As in the Pyrolysis residues from the larger particle of sewage sludge were easier to be leached to environment. However, the bioavailability of Cu was highest in the Pyrolysis residue derived from the largest particle of sewage sludge; whereas that of Zn and As was highest in the Pyrolysis residue derived from the smallest particle of sewage sludge.
Yulin Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lignin Pyrolysis Components and Upgrading—Technology Review
BioEnergy Research, 2013Co-Authors: Wei Mu, Art Ragauskas, Yulin DengAbstract:Biomass Pyrolysis oil has been reported as a potential renewable biofuel precursor. Although several review articles focusing on lignocellulose Pyrolysis can be found, the one that particularly focus on lignin Pyrolysis is still not available in literature. Lignin is the second most abundant biomass component and the primary renewable aromatic resource in nature. The Pyrolysis chemistry and mechanism of lignin are significantly different from Pyrolysis of cellulose or entire biomass. Therefore, different from other review articles in the field, this review particularly focuses on the recent developments in lignin Pyrolysis chemistry, mechanism, catalysts, and the upgrading of the bio-oil from lignin Pyrolysis. Although bio-oil production from Pyrolysis of biomass has been proven on commercial scale and is a very promising option for production of renewable chemicals and fuels, there are still several drawbacks that have not been solved. The components of biomass Pyrolysis oils are very complicated and related to the properties of bio-oil. In this review article, the details about Pyrolysis oil components particularly those from lignin Pyrolysis processes will be discussed first. Due to the poor physical and chemical property, the lignin Pyrolysis oil has to be upgraded before usage. The most common method of upgrading bio-oil is hydrotreating. Catalysts have been widely used in petroleum industry for Pyrolysis bio-oil upgrading. In this review paper, the mechanism of the hydrodeoxygenation reaction between the model compounds and catalysts will be discussed and the effects of the reaction condition will be summarized.
