The Experts below are selected from a list of 67179 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Anthony Jide Afolayan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Helminthiases; prevalence, transmission, host-parasite interactions, resistance to common synthetic drugs and treatment.
    Heliyon, 2019
    Co-Authors: Oladayo Amed Idris, Olubunmi Abosede Wintola, Anthony Jide Afolayan
    Abstract:

    Abstract The morbidity caused by parasite worms on susceptible hosts is of great concern and studies were carried out to explain the mechanism of infection, prevalence, host-parasite interaction and resistance of the parasite to treatment. This review elucidates the prevalence of parasitic worm infections; which is on the increases with the increase in the world population, global warming, poor standard of living particularly in troubled regions and developing nations. The neglect of the disease coupled with the resistance of these parasites to the few available drugs becomes a huge challenge that influences global disease burden. Helminths infections pose a Life threat and increase the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALYs) of the poor and vulnerable people. On the other hand, exploration of medicinal plants as an alternative source of treatment against drugs resistance helminths, attract insufficient attention. This review focused on providing a general overview of the prevalence of helminths, host-parasite interactions, the resistance of helminths and the medicinal plants used to treat helminthic infections.

  • Helminthiases; prevalence, transmission, host-parasite interactions, resistance to common synthetic drugs and treatment
    Elsevier, 2019
    Co-Authors: Oladayo Amed Idris, Olubunmi Abosede Wintola, Anthony Jide Afolayan
    Abstract:

    The morbidity caused by parasite worms on susceptible hosts is of great concern and studies were carried out to explain the mechanism of infection, prevalence, host-parasite interaction and resistance of the parasite to treatment. This review elucidates the prevalence of parasitic worm infections; which is on the increases with the increase in the world population, global warming, poor standard of living particularly in troubled regions and developing nations. The neglect of the disease coupled with the resistance of these parasites to the few available drugs becomes a huge challenge that influences global disease burden. Helminths infections pose a Life threat and increase the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALYs) of the poor and vulnerable people. On the other hand, exploration of medicinal plants as an alternative source of treatment against drugs resistance helminths, attract insufficient attention. This review focused on providing a general overview of the prevalence of helminths, host-parasite interactions, the resistance of helminths and the medicinal plants used to treat helminthic infections. Keywords: Pharmaceutical science, Plant biology, Veterinary science, Food scienc

Dillon O Sylte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • burden of injury along the development spectrum associations between the socio demographic index and disability adjusted Life Year estimates from the global burden of disease study 2017
    Injury Prevention, 2020
    Co-Authors: Juanita A Haagsma, Spencer L James, Chris D Castle, Zachary V Dingels, Jack T Fox, Erin B Hamilton, Zichen Liu, Lydia R Lucchesi, Nicholas L S Roberts, Dillon O Sylte
    Abstract:

    Background: The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. Methods: Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 Years and total fertility rate. Results: For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. Conclusions: The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.

Christopher J L Murray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evidence based health policy lessons from the global burden of disease study
    Science, 1996
    Co-Authors: Christopher J L Murray, Alan D Lopez
    Abstract:

    The Global Burden of Disease Study, a comprehensive regional and global assessment of mortality and disability from 107 diseases and injuries and 10 risk factors, is an example of an evidence-based input to public health policy debate. The study, which includes projections of the burden through the Year 2020, uses the Disability-Adjusted Life Year as a composite measure of Years of Life lost due to premature mortality and Years lived with disability. Future patterns of death and disability are likely to change dramatically because of aging of the world9s population, the epidemic of tobacco-related disease, the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, and the likely reduction in death rates from communicable diseases in children.

  • the global burden of disease a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020
    1996
    Co-Authors: Christopher J L Murray, A Lopez
    Abstract:

    This is the first in a planned series of 10 volumes that will attempt to "summarize epidemiological knowledge about all major conditions and most risk factors;...generate assessments of numbers of deaths by cause that are consistent with the total numbers of deaths by age sex and region provided by demographers;...provide methodologies for and assessments of aggregate disease burden that combine--into the Disability-Adjusted Life Year or DALY measure--burden from premature mortality with that from living with disability; and...use historical trends in main determinants to project mortality and disease burden forward to 2020." This first volume includes chapters summarizing results from the project as a whole. (EXCERPT)

  • quantifying the burden of disease the technical basis for disability adjusted Life Years
    Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 1994
    Co-Authors: Christopher J L Murray
    Abstract:

    This paper provides the technical basis for a new measure of the burden of disease the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY). The rationale for measuring such burden the need for a single indicator general concepts used in designing such an indicator a series of specific value choices and some computational aspects are analyzed. There are four key social choices in any indicator of the burden of disease. First there are the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of calculating the duration of Life lost due to a death at each age. DALYs use a standard expected-Life lost based on model Life-table West Level 26. Second the value of time lived at different ages must be considered and is captured in DALYs using an exponential function which reflects the dependence of the young and the elderly on adults. The time lived with a disability is made comparable with the time lost due to premature mortality by defining six classes of disability severity. A severity weight of 0-1 is assigned to each class. Finally a 3% discount rate is used in calculating DALYs. The formula for calculating DALYs based upon these assumptions is provided.

P. Lutumba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The burden of human African trypanosomiasis.
    PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2008
    Co-Authors: Eric M. Fèvre, Beatrix Von Wissmann, Susan C. Welburn, P. Lutumba
    Abstract:

    Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, or sleeping sickness) is a protozoan parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. These are neglected tropical diseases, and T.b. rhodesiense HAT is a zoonosis. We review current knowledge on the burden of HAT in sub-Saharan Africa, with an emphasis on the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), data sources, and methodological issues relating to the use of this metric for assessing the burden of this disease. We highlight areas where data are lacking to properly quantify the impact of these diseases, mainly relating to quantifying under-reporting and disability associated with infection, and challenge the HAT research community to tackle the neglect in data gathering to enable better evidence-based assessments of burden using DALYs or other appropriate measures.

Kara Hanson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cost effectiveness of social marketing of insecticide treated nets for malaria control in the united republic of tanzania
    Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kara Hanson, Anne Mills, Marcel Tanner, N Kikumbih, Joanna Schellenberg, Haji Mponda, Rose Nathan, Sally Lake, Christian Lengeler
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To assess the costs and consequences of a social marketing approach to malaria control in children by means of insecticide-treated nets in two rural districts of the United Republic of Tanzania, compared with no net use. METHODS: Project cost data were collected prospectively from accounting records. Community effectiveness was estimated on the basis of a nested case-control study and a cross-sectional cluster sample survey. FINDINGS: The social marketing approach to the distribution of insecticide-treated nets was estimated to cost 1560 US dollars per death averted and 57 US dollars per Disability-Adjusted Life Year averted. These figures fell to 1018 US dollars and 37 US dollars, respectively, when the costs and consequences of untreated nets were taken into account. CONCLUSION: The social marketing of insecticide-treated nets is an attractive intervention for preventing childhood deaths from malaria.

  • disability adjusted Life Years a critical review
    Journal of Health Economics, 1997
    Co-Authors: Sudhir Anand, Kara Hanson
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) has emerged in the international health policy lexicon as a new measure of the ‘burden of disease’. We argue that the conceptual and technical basis for DALYs is flawed, and its assumptions and value judgements are open to serious question. In particular, the implications of age-weighting and discounting are found to be unacceptable. Moreover, the proponents of DALYs do not distinguish between the exercises of measuring the burden of disease and of allocating resources. But the appropriate information sets for the two exercises are quite different. Allocating resources by aggregate DALY-minimization is shown to be inequitable.