The Experts below are selected from a list of 25014 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rajiv Sethi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Statistical Discrimination with Peer Effects: Can Integration Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?
Review of Economic Studies, 2008Co-Authors: Shubham Chaudhuri, Rajiv SethiAbstract:We introduce peer effects in the costs of human capital acquisition into a model of statistical discrimination in labour markets. This creates a link between the level of segregation in social networks and racial disparities in job assignment and wages. We show that this relationship is characterized by discontinuities: there is a threshold level of segregation below which negative stereotypes become unsustainable, and steady-state skill levels can change dramatically. This change can work in either direction: skill levels may either rise or fall in both Groups. Which of these outcomes arises depends on the population share of the Disadvantaged Group and on the distribution of the costs of human capital investments. We also examine the effects of affirmative action policies in the presence of peer effects and provide conditions under which such policies eliminate negative stereotypes. Copyright 2008, Wiley-Blackwell.
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Social Segregation and the Dynamics of Group Inequality
2006Co-Authors: Samuel Bowles, Rajiv SethiAbstract:We explore the dynamics of Group inequality when segregation of social networks places the initially less affluent Group at a disadvantage in acquiring human capital. Extending Loury (1977), we demonstrate that (i) Group differences in economic success can persist across generations in the absence of either discrimination or Group differences in ability, provided that social segregation is sufficiently great, (ii) there is threshold level of integration above which Group inequality cannot be sustained, (iii) this threshold varies systematically but non-monotonically with the population share of the Disadvantaged Group, (iv) crossing the threshold induces convergence to a common high level of human capital if the less affluent population share is suf- ficiently small (and the opposite, otherwise), and (v) a race-neutral policy that reduces the cost of acquiring human capital can expand the range over which reducing segregation can be Pareto-improving. JEL Categories: D31, Z13, J71
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Statistical Discrimination with Neighborhood Effects: Can Integration Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?
Game Theory and Information, 2003Co-Authors: Shubham Chaudhuri, Rajiv SethiAbstract:We introduce neighborhood effects in the costs of human capital acquisition into a model of statistical discrimination in labor markets. This creates a link between the level of segregation and the likelihood and extent of statistical discrimination. As long as negative stereotypes persist in the face of increasing integration, skill levels rise in the Disadvantaged Group and fall in the advantaged Group. If integration proceeds beyond some threshold, however, there can be a qualitative change in the set of equilibria, with negative stereotypes becoming unsustainable and skill levels in both Groups changing significantly. This change can work in either direction: skill levels may rise in both Groups, or fall in both Groups. Which of these outcomes arises depends on the population share of the Disadvantaged Group, and on the curvature of the relationship between neighborhood quality and the costs of human capital accumulation.
Tamar Saguy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fostering social change among advantaged and Disadvantaged Group members integrating interGroup contact and social identity perspectives on collective action
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2021Co-Authors: Gian Antonio Di Bernardo, Tamar Saguy, Loris Vezzali, Sofia Stathi, Shelley Mckeown, Veronica Margherita Cocco, John DixonAbstract:Recent research on interGroup contact has shown how interactions with outGroup members may both decrease and increase motivations to achieve social equality. Similarly, social identity theory has i...
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how does interGroup contact affect social change its impact on collective action and individual mobility intentions among members of a Disadvantaged Group
Journal of Social Issues, 2015Co-Authors: Nicole Tausch, Tamar Saguy, Jeff B BrysonAbstract:A current debate surrounds the issue of whether prejudice-reducing interventions such as interGroup contact may reduce resistance to unequal interGroup relations among Disadvantaged Groups. Addressing this question, this research investigates how positive contact with members of the advantaged Group shapes action strategies to cope with disadvantage. Using survey data from a sample of Latino Americans (N = 112), structural equation modeling revealed that friendship contact with Anglo-Whites was overall negatively associated with interest in collective action. This relation was due to both reduced identification with the Disadvantaged Group and positive attitudes toward the advantaged Group, which predicted reduced anger about inequality. Contact was also positively associated with an individual mobility orientation, a relation which was explained through increased perceived permeability. Individual mobility orientation did not, however, predict reduced motivation for collective action. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for societal change and novel directions for future research are discussed.
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interGroup contact can undermine Disadvantaged Group members attributions to discrimination
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Tamar Saguy, Lily ChernyakhaiAbstract:Abstract In the current research we investigated social settings through which attributions to discrimination are undermined. Drawing on work linking interGroup contact to perceptions of inequality, we tested the prediction that experiences of commonality-focused contact would reduce Disadvantaged Group members' tendency to attribute negative treatment of fellow Group members to discrimination. In Study 1 students were randomly assigned to either a commonality-focused, differences-focused, or no-contact condition, ostensibly with a student from a higher status university. Commonality-focused interactions led participants to view the status hierarchy as more legitimate, and consequently, to be less likely to attribute negative treatment to discrimination. In Study 2 this effect was replicated among Ethiopian-Jews (a Disadvantaged minority in Israel) who reported the amount of commonality-focused contact they experience with non-Ethiopian Jews. Theoretical and practical implications regarding interGroup contact and perceptions of inequality are discussed.
Stephen Worchel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the view from below interGroup relations from the perspective of the Disadvantaged Group
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1997Co-Authors: Hank Rothgerber, Stephen WorchelAbstract:This study examined how Disadvantaged Group members perceive and respond to members of a Disadvantaged out-Group and an advantaged out-Group. Three experiments revealed that a Disadvantaged out-Group was harmed more and seen as more homogeneous when its own performance was similar to or better than the in-Group, and when it was in the presence of an advantaged out-Group that performed similar to or better than the in-Group. Conversely, an advantaged Group was harmed more and seen as more homogeneous when its own performance was worse than the in-Group, and when it was in the presence of a Disadvantaged out-Group that performed worse than the in-Group. The results were interpreted in a social comparison framework, suggesting that responses to out-Groups are influenced by their status and performance as well as the performance of other out-Groups in the situation.
John F Dovidio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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primes and consequences a systematic review of meritocracy in interGroup relations
Frontiers in Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Ana Filipa Madeira, John F Dovidio, Rui Costalopes, Goncalo Freitas, Mafalda F MascarenhasAbstract:Psychological interest in Meritocracy as an important social norm regulating most of the western democratic societies has significantly increased over the years. However, the way Meritocracy has been conceptualized and operationalized in experimental studies has advanced in significant ways. As a result, a variety of paradigms arose to understand the social consequences of Meritocracy for interGroup relations; in particular, to understand the adverse consequences of Meritocracy for Disadvantaged Group members. The present research seeks to understand whether there is strong support for the idea that (manipulated) Meritocracy disproportionally affects members of low status Groups, and also to understand which specific components of this norm have been successfully manipulated and to what consequences. And this is particularly important given the recent call for greater transparency in how the success of experimental manipulations is reported. Thus, we carried out a systematic review examining the content of different prime tasks, summarizing prime manipulation checks’ effectiveness, and analyzing whether priming Meritocracy leads to less favorable orientations toward low status Groups. Results across 33 studies revealed that despite the existing differences in the components highlighted, the salience of any of the Meritocracy dimensions facilitates the use of internal causal attributions, negative evaluations and stereotyping towards low status Groups, affecting negatively decisions involving low-status Group members, particularly in specific domains, as organizational contexts. These results carry both practical and theoretical implications for future research on the role of Meritocracy in interGroup settings.
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understanding how common inGroup identity undermines collective action among Disadvantaged Group members
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Elze Gooitzen Ufkes, Justine Calcagno, Demis E Glasford, John F DovidioAbstract:Past research has consistently demonstrated that creating a sense of a common inGroup identity can be beneficial for reducing interGroup tensions and creating interGroup harmony. At the same time, however, creating a strong sense of a common inGroup identity has elements that may undermine Disadvantaged-Group members' motivation for collective action toward social change. In the present paper, we report two experiments that investigated how, compared to salient separate ethnic/racial identities, increasing the salience of a common US identity among Blacks and Latinos results in lower collective action intentions. These effects were mediated by a reduction in Group-based anger and Group-efficacy beliefs, and, in Experiment 2, reduced recognition of Group-based inequality in society as well. Increasing salience of common inGroup and separate Group identities simultaneously (a dual identity), however, did not decrease collective action intentions. These results suggest that not recategorization in itself, but an exclusive focus on common inGroup identity undermines motivation for social change
John Dixon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fostering social change among advantaged and Disadvantaged Group members integrating interGroup contact and social identity perspectives on collective action
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2021Co-Authors: Gian Antonio Di Bernardo, Tamar Saguy, Loris Vezzali, Sofia Stathi, Shelley Mckeown, Veronica Margherita Cocco, John DixonAbstract:Recent research on interGroup contact has shown how interactions with outGroup members may both decrease and increase motivations to achieve social equality. Similarly, social identity theory has i...
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let them eat harmony prejudice reduction strategies and attitudes of historically Disadvantaged Groups
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2010Co-Authors: John Dixon, Linda R Tropp, Kevin Durrheim, Colin TredouxAbstract:Research on interGroup prejudice has generally adopted a model of social change that is based around the psychological rehabilitation of members of advantaged Groups in order to foster interGroup harmony. Recent studies of prejudice-reduction interventions among members of Disadvantaged Groups, however, have complicated psychologists’ understanding of the consequences of inducing harmonious relations in historically unequal societies. Interventions encouraging Disadvantaged-Group members to like advantaged-Group members may also prompt the Disadvantaged to underestimate the injustice suffered by their Group and to become less motivated to support action to challenge social inequality. Thus, psychologists’ tendency to equate interGroup harmony with ‘‘good relations’’ and conflict with ‘‘bad relations’’ is limited.