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Richard E Mueller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • north american migration returns to skill border effects and mobility costs
    Social Science Research Network, 2013
    Co-Authors: Gary L Hunt, Richard E Mueller
    Abstract:

    Utilizing a utility-maximizing, Roy-type, discrete choice model of worker location in Canadian provinces and U.S. states that incorporates returns to skill, amenities, fixed costs, distance, language, and border effects, we find that individuals with higher skills migrate to areas with higher returns and that the 49th parallel attenuates migration. Simulations indicate that equalizing returns in the two countries has a modest effect on cross-country migration; however, reductions in border effects tend to have large nonlinear effects on it. Our results confirm the qualitative results of previous research emphasizing the importance of returns to skill and border effects in migration decisions.

  • north american migration returns to skill border effects and mobility costs
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Gary L Hunt, Richard E Mueller
    Abstract:

    Utilizing a utility-maximizing, Roy-type, discrete choice model of worker location in Canadian provinces and U.S. states that incorporates returns to skill, amenities, fixed costs, distance, langua...

J De Dios Ortuzar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a discrete choice model incorporating thresholds for perception in attribute values
    Transportation Research Part B-methodological, 2006
    Co-Authors: Victor Cantillo, B G Heydecker, J De Dios Ortuzar
    Abstract:

    In this paper we formulate a discrete choice model that incorporates thresholds in the perception of changes in attribute values. The model considers multiple options and allows for changes in several attributes. We postulate that if thresholds exist they could be random, differ between individuals, and even be a function of socio-economic characteristics and choice conditions. Our formulation allows estimation of the parameters of the threshold probability distribution starting from information about choices. The model is applied to synthetic data and also to real data from a stated preference survey. We found that where perception thresholds exist in the population, the use of models without them leads to errors in estimation and prediction. Clearly, the effect is more relevant when the typical size of change in the attribute value is comparable with the threshold, and when the contribution of this attribute in the utility function is substantial. Finally, we discuss the implications of the threshold model for estimation of the benefits of transport investments, and show that where thresholds exist, models that do not represent them can overestimate benefits substantially.

  • a semi compensatory discrete choice model with explicit attribute thresholds of perception
    Transportation Research Part B-methodological, 2005
    Co-Authors: Victor Cantillo, J De Dios Ortuzar
    Abstract:

    Random utility models are typically based on the assumptions that individuals exhibit compensatory behaviour and that their choice sets are pre-specified. These assumptions may be unrealistic in many practical cases; in particular, it has been argued that thresholds may be part of choice-rejection mechanisms (i.e. if the threshold of any attribute for a given alternative is surpassed the alternative is rejected) and, therefore, act as explicit criteria to determine the set of feasible alternatives. We formulate a semi-compensatory two-stage discrete choice model incorporating randomly distributed thresholds for attribute acceptance. The formulation allows us to estimate the parameters of the threshold's probability distribution; these parameters can be expressed as a function of the socio-economics characteristics of the individual and the conditions under which the choice process takes place. Applying the model to real and simulated data allowed us to conclude that if thresholds exist in the population, the use of compensatory models such as Multinomial Logit or even Mixed Logit, can lead to serious errors in model estimation and, therefore, in the computation of marginal rates of substitution such as the subjective value of time, as well as in prediction. Although the Mixed Logit model can deal with random parameters allowing to treat taste differences, we found it could not be used to accommodate non-compensatory behaviour or to represent the existence of thresholds.

  • a discrete choice model incorporating thresholds forperception in attribute values
    In: (Proceedings) Proceedings of the European Transport Forum. : London. (2004), 2004
    Co-Authors: B G Heydecker, J De Dios Ortuzar
    Abstract:

    In this paper we formulate a discrete choice model that incorporates thresholds in theperception of attribute changes. The model considers multiple options and allowschanges in several attributes. We postulate that if thresholds exist they could be random,differ between individuals, and even be a function of socio-economic characteristics andchoice conditions. Our formulation allows estimation of the parameters of the thresholdprobability distribution starting from information about choices.The model is applied to synthetic data and also to real data from a stated preferencesurvey. We found that where perception thresholds exist in the population, the use ofmodels without them leads to errors in estimation and prediction. Clearly, the effect ismore relevant when the typical size of change in the attribute value is comparable withthe threshold, and when the contribution of this attribute in the utility function issubstantial. Finally, we discuss the implications of the threshold model for estimation ofthe benefits of transport investments, and show that where thresholds exist, models thatdo not represent them can overestimate benefits substantially.

Gary L Hunt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • north american migration returns to skill border effects and mobility costs
    Social Science Research Network, 2013
    Co-Authors: Gary L Hunt, Richard E Mueller
    Abstract:

    Utilizing a utility-maximizing, Roy-type, discrete choice model of worker location in Canadian provinces and U.S. states that incorporates returns to skill, amenities, fixed costs, distance, language, and border effects, we find that individuals with higher skills migrate to areas with higher returns and that the 49th parallel attenuates migration. Simulations indicate that equalizing returns in the two countries has a modest effect on cross-country migration; however, reductions in border effects tend to have large nonlinear effects on it. Our results confirm the qualitative results of previous research emphasizing the importance of returns to skill and border effects in migration decisions.

  • north american migration returns to skill border effects and mobility costs
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Gary L Hunt, Richard E Mueller
    Abstract:

    Utilizing a utility-maximizing, Roy-type, discrete choice model of worker location in Canadian provinces and U.S. states that incorporates returns to skill, amenities, fixed costs, distance, langua...

Chandra R Bhat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a new spatial social interaction discrete choice model accommodating for unobserved effects due to endogenous network formation
    Transportation, 2015
    Co-Authors: Chandra R Bhat
    Abstract:

    This paper formulates a model that extends the traditional panel discrete choice model to include social/spatial dependencies in the form of dyadic interactions between each pair of decision-makers. In addition, the formulation accommodates spatial correlation effects as well as allows a global spatial structure to be placed on the individual-specific unobserved response sensitivity to exogenous variables. We interpret these latter two effects, sometimes referred to as spatial drift effects, as originating from endogenous group formation. To our knowledge, we are the first to suggest this endogenous group formation interpretation for spatial drift effects in the social/spatial interactions literature. The formulation is motivated in a travel mode choice context, but is applicable in a wide variety of other empirical contexts. Bhat’s (Transp Res B 45(7):923–939, 2011) maximum approximate composite marginal likelihood (MACML) procedure is used for model estimation. A simulation exercise indicates that the MACML approach recovers the model parameters very well, even in the presence of high spatial dependence and endogenous group formation tendency. In addition, the simulation results demonstrate that ignoring spatial dependence and endogenous group formation when both are actually present will lead to bias in parameter estimation.

  • a new spatial social interaction discrete choice model accommodating self selection in group formation
    Transportation Research Board 94th Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board, 2015
    Co-Authors: Chandra R Bhat, Subodh Dubey
    Abstract:

    This paper formulates a model that extends the traditional panel discrete choice model to include social/spatial dependencies in the form of dyadic interactions between each pair of decision- makers. In addition, the formulation accommodates spatial correlation effects as well as allows a global spatial structure to be placed on the individual-specific unobserved response sensitivity to exogenous variables. The authors interpret these latter two effects, sometimes referred to as spatial drift effects, as originating from endogenous group formation. To the authors' knowledge, they are the first to suggest this endogenous group formation interpretation for spatial drift effects in the social/spatial interactions literature. The formulation is motivated in a travel mode choice context, but is applicable in a wide variety of other empirical contexts. Bhat’s (1) maximum approximate composite marginal likelihood (MACML) procedure is used for model estimation. A simulation exercise indicates that the MACML approach recovers the model parameters very well, even in the presence of high spatial dependence and endogenous group formation tendency. In addition, the simulation results demonstrate that ignoring spatial dependence and endogenous group formation when both are actually present will lead to bias in parameter estimation.

Koujianou P Goldberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • product differentiation and oligopoly in international markets the case of the u s automobile industry
    Econometrica, 1995
    Co-Authors: Koujianou P Goldberg
    Abstract:

    This paper develops and estimates a model of the U.S. Automobile Industry. On the demand side, a discrete choice model is adopted, that is estimated using micro data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey. The estimation results are used in conjunction with population weights to derive aggregate demand. On the supply side, the automobile industry is modelled as an oligopoly with product differentiation. Equilibrium is characterized by the first order conditions of the profit maximizing firms. The estimation results are used in counterfactual simulations to investigate two trade policy issues: the effects of the VER, and exchange rate pass-through.