The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marion Oswald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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algorithm assisted decision making in the public sector framing the issues using administrative law rules governing Discretionary Power
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2018Co-Authors: Marion OswaldAbstract:This article considers some of the risks and challenges raised by the use of algorithm-assisted decision-making and predictive tools by the public sector. Alongside, it reviews a number of long-sta...
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algorithm assisted decision making in the public sector framing the issues using administrative law rules governing Discretionary Power
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2018Co-Authors: Marion OswaldAbstract:This article considers some of the risks and challenges raised by the use of algorithm-assisted decision-making and predictive tools by the public sector. Alongside, it reviews a number of long-standing English administrative law rules designed to regulate the Discretionary Power of the state. The principles of administrative law are concerned with human decisions involved in the exercise of state Power and discretion, thus offering a promising avenue for the regulation of the growing number of algorithm-assisted decisions within the public sector. This article attempts to re-frame key rules for the new algorithmic environment and argues that 'old' law-interpreted for a new context-can help guide lawyers, scientists and public sector practitioners alike when considering the development and deployment of new algorithmic tools.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations'.
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algorithm assisted decision making in the public sector framing the issues using administrative law rules governing Discretionary Power
Social Science Research Network, 2018Co-Authors: Marion OswaldAbstract:This article considers some of the risks and challenges raised by the use of algorithm-assisted decision-making and predictive tools by the public sector. Alongside, it reviews a number of long-standing English administrative law rules designed to regulate the Discretionary Power of the state. The principles of administrative law are concerned with human decisions involved in the exercise of state Power and discretion, thus offering a promising avenue for the regulation of the growing number of algorithm-assisted decisions within the public sector. This article attempts to re-frame key rules for the new algorithmic environment and argues that ‘old’ law – interpreted for a new context – can help guide lawyers, scientists and public sector practitioners alike when considering the development and deployment of new algorithmic tools.
Lucy Gilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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practice and Power a review and interpretive synthesis focused on the exercise of Discretionary Power in policy implementation by front line providers and managers
Health Policy and Planning, 2014Co-Authors: Lucy Gilson, Helen Schneider, Marsha OrgillAbstract:Tackling the implementation gap is a health policy concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Limited attention has so far been paid to the influence of Power relations over this gap. This article presents, therefore, an interpretive synthesis of qualitative health policy articles addressing the question: how do actors at the front line of health policy implementation exercise Discretionary Power, with what consequences and why? The article also demonstrates the particular approach of thematic synthesis and contributes to discussion of how such work can inform future health policy research. The synthesis drew from a broader review of published research on any aspect of policy implementation in LMICs for the period 1994-2009. From an initial set of 50 articles identified as relevant to the specific review question, a sample of 16 articles were included in this review. Nine report experience around decentralization, a system-level change, and seven present experience of implementing a range of reproductive health (RH) policies (new forms of service delivery). Three reviewers were involved in a systematic process of data extraction, coding, analysis, synthesis and article writing. The review findings identify: the practices of Power exercised by front-line health workers and their managers; their consequences for policy implementation and health system performance; the sources of this Power and health workers' reasons for exercising Power. These findings also provide the basis for an overarching synthesis of experience, highlighting the importance of actors, Power relations and multiple, embedded contextual elements as dimensions of health system complexity. The significance of this synthesis lies in its insights about: the micropractices of Power exercised by front-line providers; how to manage this Power through local level strategies both to influence and emPower providers to act in support of policy goals; and the focus and nature of future research on these issues.
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actor interfaces and practices of Power in a community health worker programme a south african study of unintended policy outcomes
Health Policy and Planning, 2013Co-Authors: Uta Lehmann, Lucy GilsonAbstract:This paper makes a contribution to a much-neglected aspect of policy analysis: the practice of Power in implementation. Practices of Power are at the heart of every policy process, yet are rarely explicitly explored in the health policy literature. This paper provides a detailed study of micro-practices of Power by those at the frontline of service delivery in the implementation of a national community health worker policy in one rural South African sub-district. The paper is based on a small-scale qualitative study which collected data through observations, interviews and focus group discussions with health services and facility managers, community health workers and community members. Practices of Power were analysed using VeneKlasen and Miller's categorization of multiple dimensions of Power, as Power over, Power with, Power to and Power within. Furthermore, the concept of 'actor interface analysis' allowed exploration of different actors' experience, interests and their specific location in the landscape of local health system governance. The study revealed that almost all policy actors exercised some form of Power, from authoritative Power, derived from hierarchy and budget control, to the Discretionary Power of those working at lower levels to withhold labour or organize in-service training. Each of these practices of Power had their rationale in different actors' efforts to make the intervention 'fit' their understandings of local reality. While each had a limited impact on policy outcomes, their cumulative effect produced a significant thinning down of the policy's intent. However, Discretionary Power was not always used to undermine policy. One manager's use of Discretionary Power in fact led to a partial reconstruction of the original policy intent. The paper concludes that understanding and being responsive to the complexity of local realities, interests and contexts and the multi-layered practices of Power may allow managers to adopt more appropriate management strategies.
Marsha Orgill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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practice and Power a review and interpretive synthesis focused on the exercise of Discretionary Power in policy implementation by front line providers and managers
Health Policy and Planning, 2014Co-Authors: Lucy Gilson, Helen Schneider, Marsha OrgillAbstract:Tackling the implementation gap is a health policy concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Limited attention has so far been paid to the influence of Power relations over this gap. This article presents, therefore, an interpretive synthesis of qualitative health policy articles addressing the question: how do actors at the front line of health policy implementation exercise Discretionary Power, with what consequences and why? The article also demonstrates the particular approach of thematic synthesis and contributes to discussion of how such work can inform future health policy research. The synthesis drew from a broader review of published research on any aspect of policy implementation in LMICs for the period 1994-2009. From an initial set of 50 articles identified as relevant to the specific review question, a sample of 16 articles were included in this review. Nine report experience around decentralization, a system-level change, and seven present experience of implementing a range of reproductive health (RH) policies (new forms of service delivery). Three reviewers were involved in a systematic process of data extraction, coding, analysis, synthesis and article writing. The review findings identify: the practices of Power exercised by front-line health workers and their managers; their consequences for policy implementation and health system performance; the sources of this Power and health workers' reasons for exercising Power. These findings also provide the basis for an overarching synthesis of experience, highlighting the importance of actors, Power relations and multiple, embedded contextual elements as dimensions of health system complexity. The significance of this synthesis lies in its insights about: the micropractices of Power exercised by front-line providers; how to manage this Power through local level strategies both to influence and emPower providers to act in support of policy goals; and the focus and nature of future research on these issues.
S Zouridis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from street level to system level bureaucracies how information and communication technology is transforming administrative discretion and constitutional control
Public Administration Review, 2002Co-Authors: Mark Bovens, S ZouridisAbstract:The use of information and communication technology (ICT) is rapidly changing the structure of a number of large, executive public agencies. They used to be machine bureaucracies in which street-level officials exercised ample administrative discretion in dealing with individual clients. In some realms, the street-level bureaucrats have vanished. Instead of street-level bureaucracies, they have become system-level bureaucracies. System analysts and software designers are the key actors in these executive agencies. This article explores the implications of this transformation from the perspective of the constitutional state. Thanks to ICT, the implementation of the law has virtually been perfected. However, some new issues rise: What about the Discretionary Power of the system-level bureaucrats? How can we guarantee due process and fairness in difficult cases? The article ends with several institutional innovations that may help to embed these system-level bureaucracies in the constitutional state.
Yvonne Brunetto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparing the impact of management support on police officers perceptions of Discretionary Power and engagement australia usa and malta
International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2020Co-Authors: Yvonne Brunetto, Kate Herring Shacklock, Ben Farrwharton, Rod Farrwharton, Joseph G Azzopardi, Chiara Saccon, Art ShribergAbstract:AbstractThis paper uses Social Exchange Theory as a lens for comparing the impact of management support upon police perceptions of Discretionary Power and employee engagement, across three countries. A survey-based, self-report process collected data from 193 police officers in Australia, 588 from the USA, and 249 from Malta. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. The findings suggest a significantly different management support context across the three countries, as well as significantly different perceptions of Discretionary Power. Across the three countries, police perceived relatively poor satisfaction with organizational management support and only some engagement levels. However, USA police perceived significantly more Discretionary Power than the other country samples. These findings provide greater clarity about the link between management support, Discretionary Power and engagement for the police officers. Since employee engagement likely affects policing outcomes, the findin...
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comparing the impact of management support on police officers perceptions of Discretionary Power and engagement australia usa and malta
International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2020Co-Authors: Yvonne Brunetto, Kate Herring Shacklock, Ben Farrwharton, Rod Farrwharton, Joseph G Azzopardi, Chiara Saccon, Art ShribergAbstract:This paper uses Social Exchange Theory as a lens for comparing the impact of management support upon police perceptions of Discretionary Power and employee engagement, across three countries. A sur...
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relationships with management npm Discretionary Power and performance
Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014Co-Authors: Yvonne Brunetto, Rodney Farrwharton, Kate Herring Shacklock, Matthew J Xerri, Elisabetta Trinchero, Rona S Beattie, Elio Borgonovi, Frank CrossanAbstract:Abstract This paper compares the link between workplace relationships with management and employee’s perceptions of Discretionary Power and performance in the public and private sector post NPM wit...
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examining the antecedents of engaged nurses in italy perceived organisational support pos satisfaction with training and development Discretionary Power
Journal of Nursing Management, 2013Co-Authors: Elisabetta Trinchero, Yvonne Brunetto, Elio BorgonoviAbstract:Aim This paper used Social Exchange Theory to empirically examine whether perceived organisational support, satisfaction with training and development and perception of Discretionary Power are antecedents of engagement for registered nurses working in Italian public and private hospitals (n = 827). Background According to Social Exchange Theory, effective workplace relationships support employees and encourage nurses to use training to enhance their workplace outcomes. Method This research used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from registered nurses working in six Italian hospitals using a survey-based, self-report strategy. Result Regression analysis found that the variance of process-oriented supervision accounted for 6.9% of Italian registered nurse's perception of engagement, training and development accounted for 26.8% and Discretionary Power accounted for 2.1%. Conclusion Workplace relationships enhance autonomy and engagement. Effective workplace relationship impacts positively on nurses' outcome. Implications for nursing management This paper confirms the relevance of training to enhance engagement of nurses. It also confirms the importance of workplace relationships in enhancing autonomy and engagement. Previous research has identified the importance of nurses' autonomy in an environment where there are shortages of nurses. This study confirms a similar situation for Italian nurses. The findings underline the relevance of investments in continuous professional development to enhance nurses' engagement in private and public health-care settings.
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supervisor relationships teamwork role ambiguity and Discretionary Power nurses in australia and the united kingdom
International Journal of Public Administration, 2012Co-Authors: Yvonne Brunetto, Rodney Farrwharton, Kate Herring Shacklock, Fiona RobsonAbstract:This paper reports comparative research comparing the relationship between supervisor-subordinate relationships, teamwork, role ambiguity and Discretionary Power for nurses working in public and private sector hospitals in Australia and the UK. The findings indicate that the four factors accounted for approximately a quarter of the variance for nurses in the UK and almost a fifth of the variance for nurses working in public sector hospitals. Moreover, the findings identify a significant difference across all variables for nurses working in public sector hospitals compared with private sector with nurses in the private sector having higher satisfaction levels and perceiving lower levels of role ambiguity. There were fewer differences for nurses working in Australian hospitals compared with UK hospitals with nurses in Australia perceiving a better supervisor-subordinate relationship and nurses in the UK perceiving greater satisfaction with teamwork.