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Donguk Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nationwide study of humidifier Disinfectant lung injury in south korea 1994 2011 incidence and dose response relationships
Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2015Co-Authors: Domyung Paek, Haekwan Cheong, Younsuck Koh, Donguk Park, Chaeman Lim, Soojong Hong, Yonghwa Kim, Jong Han Leem, Kyu Hyuck Chung, Yeyong ChoiAbstract:Rationale: Humidifier Disinfectant lung injury is an acute lung disease attributed to recurrent inhalation of certain Disinfectant aerosols emitted from room humidifiers. An outbreak of this toxic lung injury occurred in South Korea from 1995 until all humidifier Disinfectant products were recalled from the consumer market by the government in 2011.Objectives: A nationwide study was conducted to ascertain and classify all potential cases of humidifier Disinfectant lung injury in Korea and to assess dose–response relationships.Methods: By several mechanisms, clinicians and the general public were invited to report all suspected cases of humidifier Disinfectant lung injury to public health officials in South Korea. A committee was convened to define diagnostic criteria based on pathologic, radiologic, and clinical findings for index cases, combined with assessment of environmental exposure to humidifier Disinfectants. Clinical review and environmental assessments were performed and later combined to determi...
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estimating retrospective exposure of household humidifier Disinfectants
Indoor Air, 2015Co-Authors: Donguk Park, M C Friesen, H S Roh, Y Y Choi, J J Ahn, H K Lim, S K Kim, D H Koh, H J Jung, J H LeeAbstract:UNLABELLED We conducted a comprehensive humidifier Disinfectant exposure characterization for 374 subjects with lung disease who presumed their disease was related to humidifier Disinfectant use (patient group) and for 303 of their family members (family group) for an ongoing epidemiological study. We visited the homes of the registered patients to investigate Disinfectant use characteristics. Probability of exposure to Disinfectants was determined from the questionnaire and supporting evidence from photographs demonstrating the use of humidifier Disinfectant, Disinfectant purchase receipts, any residual Disinfectant, and the consistency of their statements. Exposure duration was estimated as cumulative Disinfectant use hours from the questionnaire. Airborne Disinfectant exposure intensity (μg/m(3)) was estimated based on the Disinfectant volume (ml) and frequency added to the humidifier per day, Disinfectant bulk level (μg/ml), the volume of the room (m(3)) with humidifier Disinfectant, and the degree of ventilation. Overall, the distribution patterns of the intensity, duration, and cumulative exposure to humidifier Disinfectants for the patient group were higher than those of the family group, especially for pregnant women and patients ≤6 years old. Further study is underway to evaluate the association between the Disinfectant exposures estimated here with clinically diagnosed lung disease. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Retrospective exposure to household humidifier Disinfectant as estimated here can be used to evaluate associations with clinically diagnosed lung disease due to the use of humidifier Disinfectant in Korea. The framework, with modifications to account for dispersion and use patterns, can also be potentially adapted to assessment of other household chemical exposures.
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relationship between exposure to household humidifier Disinfectants and risk of lung injury a family based study
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Donguk Park, Haekwan Cheong, Jong Han Leem, Yeyong Choi, Jongju Ahn, Heungkyu Lim, Sunkyung Kim, Hyunsuk Roh, Donghee Koh, Hyejung JungAbstract:Background In South Korea, a cluster of acute lung disease patients included lung injury disease suspected of being caused by the use of humidifier Disinfectants. We examined the relationship between humidifier Disinfectant exposure and clinically diagnosed humidifier Disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) in a family-based study. Methods This case-control study included 169 clinically confirmed HDLI cases and 303 family controls who lived with the HDLI patients. A range of information on exposure to humidifier Disinfectants was obtained using a structured questionnaire and field investigations. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models that were adjusted for age, sex, presence of a factory within 1 km of residence, and the number of household chemical products used. Results HDLI risk increased approximately two-fold or more among the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile in terms of the hours sleeping in a room with an operating humidifier treated with Disinfectant (adjusted OR = 2.0, 95 % CI = 1.1-3.7), average hours of Disinfectant-treated humidifier use per day (adjusted OR = 2.1, 95 % CI = 1.0-4.5), airborne Disinfectant intensity (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2-5.3), and cumulative Disinfectant inhalation level (adjusted OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0-4.1). HDLI risk increased as the distance of the bed from humidifier gets shorter; compared with longer distance (> 1 m), the odds ratio was 2.7 for 0.5 to 1 m (95 % CI = 1.5-5.1) and 13.2 for <0.5 m (95 % CI = 2.4-73.0). Conclusions The use of household humidifier Disinfectants was associated with HDLI risk in a dose-response manner.
Leeann Jaykus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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virucidal activity of fogged chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide based Disinfectants against human norovirus and its surrogate feline calicivirus on hard to reach surfaces
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017Co-Authors: Naim Montazeri, Clyde Manuel, Eric Moorman, J Khatiwada, Leonard L Williams, Leeann JaykusAbstract:Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the United States. Norovirus is shed in high numbers in the feces and vomitous of infected individuals. Contact surfaces contaminated with bodily fluids harboring infectious virus particles serve as vehicles for pathogen transmission. Environmental stability of NoV and its resistance to many conventional Disinfectants necessitate effective inactivation strategies to control the spread of virus. We investigated the efficacy of two commercial Disinfectants, hydrogen peroxide (7.5%) and a chlorine dioxide (0.2%)-surfactant-based product using a fogging delivery system against human NoV GI.6 and GII.4 Sydney strains as well as the cultivable surrogate, feline calicivirus (FCV) dried on stainless steel coupons. Log10 reductions in human NoV and FCV were calculated utilizing RNase RT-qPCR and infectivity (plaque) assay, respectively. An improved antiviral activity of hydrogen peroxide as a function of Disinfectant formulation concentration in the atmosphere was observed against both GII.4 and FCV. At 12.4 ml/m3, hydrogen peroxide achieved a respective 2.5±0.1 and 2.7±0.3 log10 reduction in GI.6 and GII.4 NoV genome copies, and a 4.3±0.1 log10 reduction in infectious FCV within 5 min. At the same Disinfectant formulation concentration, chlorine dioxide-surfactant-based product resulted in a respective 1.7±0.2, 0.6±0.0 and 2.4±0.2 log10 reduction in GI.6, GII.4 and FCV within 10 min; however, increasing the Disinfectant formulation concentration to 15.9 ml/m3 negatively impacted its efficacy. Fogging uniformly delivered the Disinfectants throughout the room, and effectively decontaminated viruses on hard-to-reach surfaces. Hydrogen peroxide delivered by fog showed promising virucidal activity against FCV by meeting the U.S. EPA 4-log10 reduction criteria for an anti-noroviral Disinfectant; however, fogged chlorine dioxide-surfactant-based product did not achieve a 4-log10 inactivation. Future investigation aimed at optimizing decontamination practices is warranted.
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Virucidal Activity of Fogged Chlorine Dioxide- and Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Disinfectants against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogate, Feline Calicivirus, on Hard-to-Reach Surfaces
Frontiers Media S.A., 2017Co-Authors: Naim Montazeri, Clyde Manuel, Eric Moorman, Leonard L Williams, Janak R. Khatiwada, Leeann JaykusAbstract:Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the United States. Norovirus is shed in high numbers in the feces and vomitous of infected individuals. Contact surfaces contaminated with bodily fluids harboring infectious virus particles serve as vehicles for pathogen transmission. Environmental stability of NoV and its resistance to many conventional Disinfectants necessitate effective inactivation strategies to control the spread of virus. We investigated the efficacy of two commercial Disinfectants, hydrogen peroxide (7.5%) and a chlorine dioxide (0.2%)-surfactant-based product using a fogging delivery system against human NoV GI.6 and GII.4 Sydney strains as well as the cultivable surrogate, feline calicivirus (FCV) dried on stainless steel coupons. Log10 reductions in human NoV and FCV were calculated utilizing RNase RT-qPCR and infectivity (plaque) assay, respectively. An improved antiviral activity of hydrogen peroxide as a function of Disinfectant formulation concentration in the atmosphere was observed against both GII.4 and FCV. At 12.4 ml/m3, hydrogen peroxide achieved a respective 2.5 ± 0.1 and 2.7 ± 0.3 log10 reduction in GI.6 and GII.4 NoV genome copies, and a 4.3 ± 0.1 log10 reduction in infectious FCV within 5 min. At the same Disinfectant formulation concentration, chlorine dioxide-surfactant-based product resulted in a respective 1.7 ± 0.2, 0.6 ± 0.0, and 2.4 ± 0.2 log10 reduction in GI.6, GII.4, and FCV within 10 min; however, increasing the Disinfectant formulation concentration to 15.9 ml/m3 negatively impacted its efficacy. Fogging uniformly delivered the Disinfectants throughout the room, and effectively decontaminated viruses on hard-to-reach surfaces. Hydrogen peroxide delivered by fog showed promising virucidal activity against FCV by meeting the United States EPA 4-log10 reduction criteria for an anti-noroviral Disinfectant; however, fogged chlorine dioxide-surfactant-based product did not achieve a 4-log10 inactivation. Future investigation aimed at optimizing decontamination practices is warranted
Nong-hoon Choe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficacy evaluation of commercial Disinfectants by using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a test organism
Journal of Veterinary Science, 2017Co-Authors: Yangho Jang, Byungjoon Chang, Jaeyoung Song, Nong-hoon ChoeAbstract:: The efficacies of six commercial Disinfectants were evaluated by using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium under simulated natural conditions such as sub-zero temperature, short disinfecting time, and surface type (uneven or smooth). We used a suspensionmodel test to determine the disinfecting efficacy under varying contact times (1, 5, 10, and 30 min) and temperatures (25°C, 4°C, 0°C, and -10°C). The bactericidal effect according to surface structure was measured by using a carriermodel test at 25°C and -10°C. The effective concentrations of each Disinfectant were fixed to give a disinfecting effect within a short time (< 1 min) at 25°C and -10°C. The suspension model results revealed that bactericidal efficacy significantly dropped at low temperature for most of the Disinfectants used; a sodium dichloroisocyanurate product showed the strongest efficacy. In the carrier test, bacterial load on a wooden surface was more difficult to remove than that on a stainless-steel surface. The results show that commercial Disinfectant products vary in their disinfecting efficacy, which is affected by several field factors including temperature, contact time, and carrier material. Environmental conditions and surface type for disinfection should be considered prior to selecting an optimal Disinfectant in the field.
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efficacy evaluation of commercial Disinfectants by using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a test organism
Journal of Veterinary Science, 2017Co-Authors: Yangho Jang, Byungjoon Chang, Jaeyoung Song, Nong-hoon ChoeAbstract:: The efficacies of six commercial Disinfectants were evaluated by using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium under simulated natural conditions such as sub-zero temperature, short disinfecting time, and surface type (uneven or smooth). We used a suspensionmodel test to determine the disinfecting efficacy under varying contact times (1, 5, 10, and 30 min) and temperatures (25°C, 4°C, 0°C, and -10°C). The bactericidal effect according to surface structure was measured by using a carriermodel test at 25°C and -10°C. The effective concentrations of each Disinfectant were fixed to give a disinfecting effect within a short time (< 1 min) at 25°C and -10°C. The suspension model results revealed that bactericidal efficacy significantly dropped at low temperature for most of the Disinfectants used; a sodium dichloroisocyanurate product showed the strongest efficacy. In the carrier test, bacterial load on a wooden surface was more difficult to remove than that on a stainless-steel surface. The results show that commercial Disinfectant products vary in their disinfecting efficacy, which is affected by several field factors including temperature, contact time, and carrier material. Environmental conditions and surface type for disinfection should be considered prior to selecting an optimal Disinfectant in the field.
J T Holah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biocide use in the food industry and the Disinfectant resistance of persistent strains of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2002Co-Authors: J T Holah, J H Taylor, D J Dawson, K E HallAbstract:Aims: The aims of the project were threefold: to survey the use of Disinfectants in the UK food industry; to assess the product and environmental microflora of selected food factories for the persistence of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli; and to determine the Disinfectant resistance of any persistent strains. Methods and Results: A survey of the use of Disinfectants in the UK food industry was undertaken in which a total of 40 sites were visited and a further 77 postal questionnaires were returned from farms, food manufacture, food transport and food retail sites. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were predominantly used, applied in small volumes as a mist. Approximately 30 000 samples from the product and environment of five chilled food factories were examined for L. monocytogenes and E. coli over a 3 year period. A total of 181 L. monocytogenes and 176 E. coli isolates were ribotyped to yield 19 and 34 ribogroups, respectively. Some strains were isolated only from the product, a number only from the environment and others from both niches. Some strains were seen to be persistent for the duration of the sampling exercise (2–3 years). The most common L. monocytogenes and E. coli strains, together with two environmental L. monocytogenes strains, were assessed for any resistance to commercial Disinfectants as compared with a laboratory L. monocytogenes Disinfectant testing strain. The resistance of the L. monocytogenes and E. coli strains isolated from the factory were not significantly different from the laboratory control strain. Conclusions: Persistent strains of L. monocytogenes and E. coli are found in the UK food industry, though this persistence is not related to their increased susceptibility to the most commonly used Disinfectants. Significance and impact of the study: The concept of a persistent microflora in food factories will have an impact on the future selection of suitable control options, including the use of biocides.
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progress report on cen tc 216 working group 3 Disinfectant test methods for food hygiene institutional industrial and domestic applications
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 1995Co-Authors: J T HolahAbstract:The scope of Working Group 3 (WG3) is very wide both in terms of the areas it covers and the range of Disinfectant applications. The major role of Disinfectants within this field, however, is the control of the microbial contamination of surfaces that could be used to produce products to be eaten or used by people (cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs etc.). For these applications, Disinfectants need to be tested to quantify the effects of microbial type and growth conditions, interfering substances, pH, temperature, contact time and concentration. To address these needs, WG3 has produced a Phase 2 Step 1 Bactericidal (prEN 1276) and Fungicidal (prEN 1650) test, which are at the stage of public comment, and are intended to cover the majority of disinfection applications in its remit. More specialist tests are in preparation to cover virucidal and sporicidal applications and will be available by 1997. These are suspension tests and should be applied when the targeted microbial contamination is already in suspension or is brought into suspension by the Disinfectant action. In addition, a surface test is being developed on the basis of the protocol published by the Ad-hoc Surface Test Group. This test will be used to assess disinfection efficacy against organisms attached to surfaces, e.g. those remaining on food processing surfaces after a cleaning action. It is hoped that these approaches will provide test methods that will give confidence, to both Disinfectant manufacturers and users, of the performance of Disinfectant products when used for their intended purpose.
Yeyong Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nationwide study of humidifier Disinfectant lung injury in south korea 1994 2011 incidence and dose response relationships
Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2015Co-Authors: Domyung Paek, Haekwan Cheong, Younsuck Koh, Donguk Park, Chaeman Lim, Soojong Hong, Yonghwa Kim, Jong Han Leem, Kyu Hyuck Chung, Yeyong ChoiAbstract:Rationale: Humidifier Disinfectant lung injury is an acute lung disease attributed to recurrent inhalation of certain Disinfectant aerosols emitted from room humidifiers. An outbreak of this toxic lung injury occurred in South Korea from 1995 until all humidifier Disinfectant products were recalled from the consumer market by the government in 2011.Objectives: A nationwide study was conducted to ascertain and classify all potential cases of humidifier Disinfectant lung injury in Korea and to assess dose–response relationships.Methods: By several mechanisms, clinicians and the general public were invited to report all suspected cases of humidifier Disinfectant lung injury to public health officials in South Korea. A committee was convened to define diagnostic criteria based on pathologic, radiologic, and clinical findings for index cases, combined with assessment of environmental exposure to humidifier Disinfectants. Clinical review and environmental assessments were performed and later combined to determi...
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relationship between exposure to household humidifier Disinfectants and risk of lung injury a family based study
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Donguk Park, Haekwan Cheong, Jong Han Leem, Yeyong Choi, Jongju Ahn, Heungkyu Lim, Sunkyung Kim, Hyunsuk Roh, Donghee Koh, Hyejung JungAbstract:Background In South Korea, a cluster of acute lung disease patients included lung injury disease suspected of being caused by the use of humidifier Disinfectants. We examined the relationship between humidifier Disinfectant exposure and clinically diagnosed humidifier Disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) in a family-based study. Methods This case-control study included 169 clinically confirmed HDLI cases and 303 family controls who lived with the HDLI patients. A range of information on exposure to humidifier Disinfectants was obtained using a structured questionnaire and field investigations. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models that were adjusted for age, sex, presence of a factory within 1 km of residence, and the number of household chemical products used. Results HDLI risk increased approximately two-fold or more among the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile in terms of the hours sleeping in a room with an operating humidifier treated with Disinfectant (adjusted OR = 2.0, 95 % CI = 1.1-3.7), average hours of Disinfectant-treated humidifier use per day (adjusted OR = 2.1, 95 % CI = 1.0-4.5), airborne Disinfectant intensity (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2-5.3), and cumulative Disinfectant inhalation level (adjusted OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0-4.1). HDLI risk increased as the distance of the bed from humidifier gets shorter; compared with longer distance (> 1 m), the odds ratio was 2.7 for 0.5 to 1 m (95 % CI = 1.5-5.1) and 13.2 for <0.5 m (95 % CI = 2.4-73.0). Conclusions The use of household humidifier Disinfectants was associated with HDLI risk in a dose-response manner.