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David C Margolies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of mite age mite density and host quality on aerial Dispersal Behavior in the twospotted spider mite
    Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 1993
    Co-Authors: Jianbo Li, David C Margolies
    Abstract:

    Mite age, population density, and host leaf quality affect various life history traits in spider mites. We investigated the effects of these factors on the aerial Dispersal Behavior of adult female twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). The proportion of adult females exhibiting the Dispersal Behavior dropped significantly with age following adult emergence, particularly in the first 3 days. Sixty to eighty percent of female mites 2-days old or younger displayed the Behavior under test conditions, whereas less than 20% of female mites older than 3-days-old showed the Behavior. Younger adult females also exhibited shorter latency for the Behavior, although this trend was not as clear. Leaf quality experienced during deutonymph development had no effect on the Behavior adults subsequently displayed. On the other hand, adult females that fed on poor quality leaves after emergence were twice as likely to display the Behavior (90% vs. 45%), and with shorter latency (37 vs. 77 min), than those that fed on high quality leaves. When newly emerged adult females encountered high mite density and dry leaves, the incidence of the Behavior increased (69% vs. 47%) and latency decreased (69 vs. 93 min) compared to mites that encountered low density on well watered leaves. Our results suggest that both starvation and desiccation of adult females may enhance their Dispersal Behavior.

  • Genetic variation for aerial Dispersal Behavior in the Banks grass mite
    EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY, 1993
    Co-Authors: David C Margolies
    Abstract:

    Banks grass mites, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks), exhibit a Behavior that facilitates their Dispersal as aerial plankton over long distances. The propensity to display this Behavior and its latency varies among individual mites. Some of this variation can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals. Mother-daughter resemblance and bi-directional selection were used to estimate the genetic component of latency of the aerial Dispersal Behavior in a wild population collected from corn plants. Mother-daughter regression analysis suggested that up to 10% of variation in initiation of aerial Dispersal Behavior was attributable to an additive genetic component. Subsequent selection for shorter and longer latency resulted in significant divergence between selected lines after 9 generation, but the response was not symmetrical. Realized heritability for shorter latency was 0.09, while that for longer latency was not different from 0. This response to selection was consistent with results of the mother-daughter analysis, and the response asymmetry may explain the high variability in the mother-daughter regression. In both their natural habitat and in a corn agroecosystem, mites survive by using a succession of temporarily available hosts. Aerial Dispersal Behavior by Banks grass mites facilitates colonization of new hosts. The genetic basis and selection response of Behavior initiating aerial Dispersal is consistent with its role in mites population dynamics in this setting.

  • Possible ecological consequences of heterospecific mating Behavior in two tetranychid mites
    Experimental & Applied Acarology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Robert D. Collins, David C Margolies
    Abstract:

    Interspecific mating between the two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the Banks grass mite,Oligonychus pratensis (Banks), was documented using laboratory populations. The incidence of mating betweenT. urticae males andO. pratensis females was 26.0%, while that for the reciprocal mating was 18.8%. The incidence of mating was affected by both male and female species. Such matings may have several important ecological consequences. Interspecific matings resulted in all-male progenies. Thus, progeny sex ratios may be distorted by misdirected mating Behavior. In addition, heterospecific mating resulted in lower fecundity than conspecific matings in the two-spotted spider mite, although not in the Banks grass mite. Aerial Dispersal Behavior of the two-spotted spider mite was also affected. Under crowded conditions and deteriorating resource quality, female mites exhibit an aerial Dispersal posture that helps them to become airborne, and allows them to disperse long distances. Forty-two percent ofT. urticae females that mated with conspecific males exhibited this Dispersal Behavior, compared to only 3.6% for virgin females. The incidence of aerial Dispersal Behavior for females that mated with heterospecific males was intermediate (27.3%). The effects of these Behavioral alterations on male and female fitness may depend on the population structure and resource distribution.

Jin Feng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of seed traits and seed production on the seed predation and Dispersal Behavior of rodents.
    Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Li Biao Zhou, Ying Quan Miao, Jin Feng Zhang
    Abstract:

    : To deeply understand the foraging Behavioral strategies of the rodents in response to seeds of different sizes and tannin contents under different seed densities and its relationship with plant regeneration, field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of artificial seeds of different sizes (large and small) and tannin (T) contents (0%T, 2%T, 8%T, and 15%T) on seed predation and Dispersal Behavior of rodents during simulated non-mast and mast seeding year in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation of Liupan Mountains in Ningxia. The results showed that seeds were consumed rapidly by rodents in non-mast seeding year but relatively slow in mast seeding year. No significant difference of in situ predation rate (ISPR) was observed between non-mast and mast seeding year. The predation rates of seeds after Dispersal (PRAD) by rodents in non-mast year were significantly higher than those in mast year, while the hoarding rate of seed after Dispersal (HRAD) of the former was significantly lower than the latter. Both seed predation distance after Dispersal (PDAD) and hoarding distance after Dispersal (HDAD) by rodents in non-mast year were substantially higher than those in mast year. In non-mast year, both PDAD and HDAD of large seeds were longer than those of small seeds. Significant difference of the former was observed between large and small seeds for all tannin content seeds, but significant difference of the latter between large and small seeds was detected only for seeds of 2% and 15% tannin. In mast year, significant difference of PDADs and HDADs between large and small seeds was found in all other seeds of tannin contents except for 0% Tannin seeds. The ISPR maximized in medium tannin seeds and minimized in high tannin seeds. Maximums of PRAD were observed in high tannin seeds in non-mast year and 0% tannin seeds in mast year respectively. High tannin seeds had the highest HRAD while medium tannin seeds had the lowest HRAD in both mast and non-mast year. Our results suggested that mast seeding year could delay the seed consumption rate of rodents and increase the HRAD, but reduce the Dispersal distance. Hoarding preference of the rodents on large seeds was demonstrated in both mast and non-mast years and the Dispersal distance of large seeds was longer than those of small ones. It is probably that rodents prefer to predate in situ seeds of medium tannin and disperse high tannin seeds during both mast and non-mast years.

Junho Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Erratum: Nictation, a Dispersal Behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is regulated by IL2 neurons (Nature Neuroscience (2012) 15 (107-112))
    Nature Neuroscience, 2013
    Co-Authors: Harksun Lee, Myung Kyu Choi, Daehan Lee, Hye Sung Kim, Hyejin Hwang, Heekyeong Kim, Sungsu Park, Young Ki Paik, Junho Lee
    Abstract:

    Corrigendum: Nictation, a Dispersal Behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , is regulated by IL2 neurons

  • nictation a Dispersal Behavior of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans is regulated by il2 neurons
    Nature Neuroscience, 2012
    Co-Authors: Harksun Lee, Myung Kyu Choi, Daehan Lee, Hye Sung Kim, Hyejin Hwang, Heekyeong Kim, Sungsu Park, Young Ki Paik, Junho Lee
    Abstract:

    C. elegans show a Dispersal Behavior called nictation. The authors show that this is regulated by the ciliated neuron IL2 and requires cholinergic transmission.

  • Nictation, a Dispersal Behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is regulated by IL2 neurons
    Nature Neuroscience, 2012
    Co-Authors: Harksun Lee, Myung Kyu Choi, Daehan Lee, Hye Sung Kim, Hyejin Hwang, Heekyeong Kim, Sungsu Park, Young Ki Paik, Junho Lee
    Abstract:

    Many nematodes show a stage-specific Behavior called nictation in which a worm stands on its tail and waves its head in three dimensions. Here we show that nictation is a Dispersal Behavior regulated by a specific set of neurons, the IL2 cells, in C. elegans . We established assays for nictation and showed that cholinergic transmission was required for nictation. Cell type–specific rescue experiments and genetic ablation experiments revealed that the IL2 ciliated head neurons were essential for nictation. Intact cilia in IL2 neurons, but not in other ciliated head neurons, were essential, as the restoration of the corresponding wild-type gene activity in IL2 neurons alone in cilia-defective mutants was sufficient to restore nictation. Optogenetic activation of IL2 neurons induced nictation, suggesting that signals from IL2 neurons are sufficient for nictation. Finally, we demonstrated that nictation is required for transmission of C. elegans to a new niche using flies as artificial carriers, suggesting a role of nictation as a Dispersal and survival strategy under harsh conditions. C. elegans show a Dispersal Behavior called nictation. The authors show that this is regulated by the ciliated neuron IL2 and requires cholinergic transmission.

  • Nictation, a Dispersal Behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is regulated by IL2 neurons
    Nature neuroscience, 2011
    Co-Authors: Harksun Lee, Myung Kyu Choi, Daehan Lee, Hye Sung Kim, Hyejin Hwang, Heekyeong Kim, Sungsu Park, Young Ki Paik, Junho Lee
    Abstract:

    Many nematodes show a stage-specific Behavior called nictation in which a worm stands on its tail and waves its head in three dimensions. Here we show that nictation is a Dispersal Behavior regulated by a specific set of neurons, the IL2 cells, in C. elegans. We established assays for nictation and showed that cholinergic transmission was required for nictation. Cell type-specific rescue experiments and genetic ablation experiments revealed that the IL2 ciliated head neurons were essential for nictation. Intact cilia in IL2 neurons, but not in other ciliated head neurons, were essential, as the restoration of the corresponding wild-type gene activity in IL2 neurons alone in cilia-defective mutants was sufficient to restore nictation. Optogenetic activation of IL2 neurons induced nictation, suggesting that signals from IL2 neurons are sufficient for nictation. Finally, we demonstrated that nictation is required for transmission of C. elegans to a new niche using flies as artificial carriers, suggesting a role of nictation as a Dispersal and survival strategy under harsh conditions.

Dries Bonte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The presence of root-feeding nematodes – Not AMF – Affects an herbivore Dispersal strategy
    Acta Oecologica, 2013
    Co-Authors: Annelies De Roissart, Eduardo De La Peña, Lien Van Oyen, Thomas Van Leeuwen, Daniel J. Ballhorn, Dries Bonte
    Abstract:

    Plant quality and aboveground herbivore performance are influenced either directly or indirectly by the soil community. As herbivore Dispersal is a conditional strategy relative to plant quality, we examined whether belowground biotic interactions (the presence of root-feeding nematodes or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) affect aerial Dispersal of a phytophagous mite (Tetranychus urticae) through changes in performance of their host plant (Phaseolus vulgaris). Aerial Dispersal strategies of mites were analyzed in wind-tunnel experiments, in which a unique mite pre-Dispersal Behavior (rearing) was assessed in relation to the presence of belowground biota on the host plant on which mites developed. Spider mite pre-Dispersal Behavior significantly increased with the experienced mite density on the host during development. Additionally, plants infected with root-feeding nematodes induced an increase of spider mite aerial Dispersal Behavior. The results highlight that belowground herbivores can affect population dynamics of aboveground herbivores by altering Dispersal strategies.

Zhengwang Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Research progress in avian Dispersal Behavior
    Frontiers of Biology in China, 2008
    Co-Authors: Yang Liu, Zhengwang Zhang
    Abstract:

    Dispersal, defined as a linear spreading movement of individuals away from others of the population is a fundamental characteristic of organisms in nature. Dispersal is a central concept in ecological, Behavioral and evolutionary studies, driven by different forces such as avoidance of inbreeding depression, density-dependent competition and the need to change breeding locations. By effective Dispersal, organisms can enlarge their geographic range and adjust the dynamic, sex ratio and genetic compositions of a population. Birds are one of the groups that are studied intensively by human beings. Due to their diurnal habits, diverse life history strategies and complex movement, birds are also ideal models for the study of Dispersal Behaviors. Certain topics of avian Dispersal including sex-biased, asymmetric Dispersal caused by differences in body conditions, Dispersal processes, habitat selection and long distance Dispersal are discussed here. Bird-ringing or marking, radio-telemetry and genetic markers are useful tools widely applied in Dispersal studies. There are three major challenges regarding theoretical study and methodology research of Dispersal: (1) improvement in research methodology is needed, (2) more in-depth theoretical research is necessary, and (3) application of theoretical research into the conservation efforts for threatened birds and the management of their habitats should be carried out immediately.