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Wenbin Chiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inducing attitude change toward online gaming among adolescent players based on Dissonance Theory the role of threats and justification of effort
Computer Education, 2010Co-Authors: Chinsheng Wan, Wenbin ChiouAbstract:The negative impact of online gaming on adolescents has received much attention. The question of how to reduce their pathological use of online gaming is a critical issue. Based on the concept of external justification in Dissonance Theory, this experimental study aimed to examine whether severity of threat and justification of effort would impact adolescent players' attitude change toward online gaming and their subjective estimations of online gaming addiction. The results echoed predictions from classic studies in Dissonance Theory. When participants engaged in attitude-discrepant behavior, i.e., persuading other adolescents that an apparently interesting online game is not fun at all, their attitudes toward online gaming shifted more dramatically to the negative side in the context of a low level of threat rather than a high level of threat. Additionally, the magnitude of attitude change was more prominent when participants exerted more rather than less effort to engage in attitude-discrepant behavior. Moreover, a similar pattern of participants' evaluations of the likelihood of online gaming addiction was also observed. The findings show that Dissonance Theory has the potential to be useful for inducing adolescent players to disengage in online gaming.
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induced attitude change on online gaming among adolescents an application of the less leads to more effect
Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking, 2008Co-Authors: Wenbin ChiouAbstract:ABSTRACT The negative impact of Internet use on adolescents has received much popular attention and has also become a popular research topic. How to induce adolescent players to change their attitudes toward online gaming is one of the most important issues in online gaming addiction. The present study is based on the less-leads-to-more effect of Dissonance Theory. Experimental research was conducted to examine the effects of rewards and decision freedom on attitude change toward online gaming among adolescents considered at risk for addiction. The results supported predictions based on external justification in Dissonance Theory. Specifically, fewer rewards produced greater attitude change toward online gaming in the condition of personal freedom of choice after participants exhibited attitude-discrepant behavior. However, the less-leads-to-more effect was not prominent in the condition without personal freedom of choice. Adopting a reward strategy to induce game players to disengage online gaming is dis...
Eddie Harmonjones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of perceived effort and perceived control on reward valuation using the reward positivity to test a Dissonance Theory prediction
Biological Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Eddie Harmonjones, Casey Willoughby, Katharina Paul, Cindy HarmonjonesAbstract:Past psychological Theory and research suggest two opposing relationships between effort and reward valuation. Cognitive Dissonance Theory and research suggest that increased effort is associated with increased reward valuation, whereas Theory and research on effort discounting suggest that increased effort is associated with decreased reward valuation. The present study was designed to test these two opposing perspectives, by examining a potential moderator of the relationship between effort and reward valuation - the belief that the effort was necessary to obtain the reward. Results (n = 44) suggested that increased perceptions of effort following a task were associated with larger neural responses to rewards (as assessed by the event-related potential referred to as the reward positivity) when individuals believed that their effort led to the reward but not when they believed that their effort did not lead to the reward. Discussion considers the implications of these results.
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the effect of perceived effort on reward valuation taking the reward positivity rewp to Dissonance Theory
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Eddie Harmonjones, Katharina Paul, Daniel Clarke, Cindy HarmonjonesAbstract:The present research was designed to test whether the subjective experience of more effort related to more reward valuation as measured by a neural response. This prediction was derived from the Theory of cognitive Dissonance and its effort justification paradigm. Young adult participants (n = 82) engaged in multiple trails of a low or high effort task that resulted in a loss or reward on each trial. Neural responses to the reward (loss) cue were measured using EEG so that the event-related potential known as the Reward Positivity (RewP) could be assessed. Results revealed no significant differences between low and high effort conditions on the RewP. However, within the high effort condition, a more subjective experience of effort was associated with a larger RewP. This research extends past research on the effort justification paradigm of cognitive Dissonance Theory by suggesting that effort justification is associated with an implicit measure of reward valuation. It, therefore, challenges recent perspectives on Dissonance processes that posit that these evaluative changes should only occur on explicit but not implicit measures.
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cognitive Dissonance Theory
Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology#R##N#Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition), 2012Co-Authors: Eddie HarmonjonesAbstract:The Theory of cognitive Dissonance and its major experimental paradigms are described in this article. When an individual holds two or more elements of knowledge that are relevant to each other but inconsistent with one another, a state of discomfort or Dissonance is created. Organisms are motivated by the state of Dissonance and they may engage in ‘psychological work’ to reduce the inconsistency. Revisions to the original Theory and their supporting research are then described. The major theoretical revisions differ primarily in terms of the motivation they posit for causing Dissonance reduction. The revisions are self-consistency, self-affirmation, new look, and action-based model.
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cognitive Dissonance Theory after 50 years of development
Zeitschrift Fur Sozialpsychologie, 2007Co-Authors: Eddie Harmonjones, Cindy HarmonjonesAbstract:Research and theoretical developments on the Theory of cognitive Dissonance are reviewed. After considering the self-consis- tency, self-affirmation, and aversive consequences revisions, the authors review research that has challenged each of the revisions and that supports the original version of the Theory. Then, the authors review the action-based model of Dissonance, which accepts the original Theory's proposal that a sufficient cognitive inconsistency causes Dissonance and extends the original Theory by proposing why cognitive inconsistency prompts Dissonance. Finally, the authors present results from experiments examining predictions derived from the action- based model and neural processes involved in Dissonance reduction.
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cognitive Dissonance progress on a pivotal Theory in social psychology
Scientific Conferences Program 1997 U Texas Arlington TX US; This volume is based on papers presented at a 2-day conference at the University of Texas, 1999Co-Authors: Eddie Harmonjones, Judson MillsAbstract:Improving the 1957 Version on Dissonance Theory A Radical Point of View on Dissonance Theory Toward an Understanding of the Motivation Underlying Dissonance Effects - Is the Production of Aversive Consequences Necessary? Dissonance, Hypocrisy and the Self Concept Self-Affirmation Theory - an Update and Appraisal Unwanted Consequences and the Self - In Search of the Motivation for Dissonance Reduction What Exactly Have I Done? the Role of Self-Attribute Accessibility in Dissonance A Self-Accountability Model of Dissonance Reduction - Multiple Modes on a Continuum of Elaboration Computer Simulation of Cognitive Dissonance Reduction A Multiplicative Power Function Model of Cognitive Dissonance - Toward an Integrated Theory of Cognition, Emotion and Behaviour After Leon Festinger Moving Beyond Attitude Change in the Study of Dissonance-Related Processes "Remembering" Dissonance - Simultaneous Accessibility of Inconsistent Elements Moderates Epistemic Discomfort Appendexes: Social Communication and Cognition Reflections on Cognitive Dissonance - 30 Years Later - Historical Note on Festinger's Tests on Dissonance Theory.
Cindy Harmonjones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of perceived effort and perceived control on reward valuation using the reward positivity to test a Dissonance Theory prediction
Biological Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Eddie Harmonjones, Casey Willoughby, Katharina Paul, Cindy HarmonjonesAbstract:Past psychological Theory and research suggest two opposing relationships between effort and reward valuation. Cognitive Dissonance Theory and research suggest that increased effort is associated with increased reward valuation, whereas Theory and research on effort discounting suggest that increased effort is associated with decreased reward valuation. The present study was designed to test these two opposing perspectives, by examining a potential moderator of the relationship between effort and reward valuation - the belief that the effort was necessary to obtain the reward. Results (n = 44) suggested that increased perceptions of effort following a task were associated with larger neural responses to rewards (as assessed by the event-related potential referred to as the reward positivity) when individuals believed that their effort led to the reward but not when they believed that their effort did not lead to the reward. Discussion considers the implications of these results.
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the effect of perceived effort on reward valuation taking the reward positivity rewp to Dissonance Theory
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Eddie Harmonjones, Katharina Paul, Daniel Clarke, Cindy HarmonjonesAbstract:The present research was designed to test whether the subjective experience of more effort related to more reward valuation as measured by a neural response. This prediction was derived from the Theory of cognitive Dissonance and its effort justification paradigm. Young adult participants (n = 82) engaged in multiple trails of a low or high effort task that resulted in a loss or reward on each trial. Neural responses to the reward (loss) cue were measured using EEG so that the event-related potential known as the Reward Positivity (RewP) could be assessed. Results revealed no significant differences between low and high effort conditions on the RewP. However, within the high effort condition, a more subjective experience of effort was associated with a larger RewP. This research extends past research on the effort justification paradigm of cognitive Dissonance Theory by suggesting that effort justification is associated with an implicit measure of reward valuation. It, therefore, challenges recent perspectives on Dissonance processes that posit that these evaluative changes should only occur on explicit but not implicit measures.
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cognitive Dissonance Theory after 50 years of development
Zeitschrift Fur Sozialpsychologie, 2007Co-Authors: Eddie Harmonjones, Cindy HarmonjonesAbstract:Research and theoretical developments on the Theory of cognitive Dissonance are reviewed. After considering the self-consis- tency, self-affirmation, and aversive consequences revisions, the authors review research that has challenged each of the revisions and that supports the original version of the Theory. Then, the authors review the action-based model of Dissonance, which accepts the original Theory's proposal that a sufficient cognitive inconsistency causes Dissonance and extends the original Theory by proposing why cognitive inconsistency prompts Dissonance. Finally, the authors present results from experiments examining predictions derived from the action- based model and neural processes involved in Dissonance reduction.
Anthony Vance - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can individuals neutralization techniques be overcome a field experiment on password policy
Computers & Security, 2020Co-Authors: Mikko T Siponen, Petri Puhakainen, Anthony VanceAbstract:Abstract Individuals’ lack of adherence to password security policy is a persistent problem for organizations. This problem is especially worrisome because passwords remain the primary authentication mechanism for information systems, and the number of passwords has been increasing. For these reasons, determining methods to improve individuals’ adherence to password-security policies constitutes an important issue for organizations. Extant research has shown that individuals use neutralization techniques, i.e., types of rationalizations, to disregard organizational information-security policies. What has not been determined from extant information security research is whether these neutralizations can be changed through educational training interventions. We argue that training based on principles of cognitive Dissonance Theory is a promising method for reducing individuals’ use of neutralization techniques. We contribute by showing empirically that training based on cognitive Dissonance Theory can reduce the use of neutralization techniques when such training is designed to counter such techniques. Using a quasi-experimental design at an organization, individuals received training on neutralization techniques in the context of password security. Using a quasi-experimental design, we found that individuals who received our training treatment exhibited substantially less intent to use neutralization techniques and were significantly more likely to use secure passwords. Additionally, a follow-up measurement three weeks after the training session showed that the experimental treatment retained its effectiveness, i.e., the experimental group exhibited substantially less intent to use neutralization techniques and a greater likelihood of using strong passwords in the future. Additionally, intent was significantly greater in the experimental group. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Mikko T Siponen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can individuals neutralization techniques be overcome a field experiment on password policy
Computers & Security, 2020Co-Authors: Mikko T Siponen, Petri Puhakainen, Anthony VanceAbstract:Abstract Individuals’ lack of adherence to password security policy is a persistent problem for organizations. This problem is especially worrisome because passwords remain the primary authentication mechanism for information systems, and the number of passwords has been increasing. For these reasons, determining methods to improve individuals’ adherence to password-security policies constitutes an important issue for organizations. Extant research has shown that individuals use neutralization techniques, i.e., types of rationalizations, to disregard organizational information-security policies. What has not been determined from extant information security research is whether these neutralizations can be changed through educational training interventions. We argue that training based on principles of cognitive Dissonance Theory is a promising method for reducing individuals’ use of neutralization techniques. We contribute by showing empirically that training based on cognitive Dissonance Theory can reduce the use of neutralization techniques when such training is designed to counter such techniques. Using a quasi-experimental design at an organization, individuals received training on neutralization techniques in the context of password security. Using a quasi-experimental design, we found that individuals who received our training treatment exhibited substantially less intent to use neutralization techniques and were significantly more likely to use secure passwords. Additionally, a follow-up measurement three weeks after the training session showed that the experimental treatment retained its effectiveness, i.e., the experimental group exhibited substantially less intent to use neutralization techniques and a greater likelihood of using strong passwords in the future. Additionally, intent was significantly greater in the experimental group. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.