The Experts below are selected from a list of 55485 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Karlman Wasserman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the body weight walking Distance Product as related to lung function anaerobic threshold and peakvo2in copd patients
Respiratory Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: M L Chuang, I F Lin, Karlman WassermanAbstract:Abstract The Product of walking Distance and body weight (D·W) mimics the work of walking. We hypothesized the superiority of D·W to walking Distance (D) alone in any correlation with lung function, anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal oxygen uptake ( V O 2max ). We further hypothesized that the D·W Product for a 6-min walk test (6 MWT) would correlate with the AT and V O 2max because all three are markers of exercise ability. Thirty-three male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with mean forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 ) of 1·2±0·4 l (range 0·58–1·86 l) were enrolled. Six patients were excluded due to inability to achieve a maximal test. Lung function and self-assessed every-day activities using a oxygen–cost diagram were evaluated before entry of the study. A maximal effort ramp-pattern cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a 6 MWT were conducted in random order. Borg score, heart rate, and O 2 saturation with pulse oximetry ( S P O 2 ) were measured during both exercise tests. V O 2 AT and minute ventilation were also measured during the CPET. Correlations were sought between the Distance covered in the 6 MWT, and the D·W Product with AT, V O 2max and other variables. The average D and D·W were 456 m and 27·5 kgkm −1 , respectively. D·W was superior to D alone when correlated with the V O 2max and AT determined from the CPET, while modestly correlated with the change ( Δ ) in Borg score and Δ S p O 2 in the 6 MWT and self-assessed every-day activities. Distance×weight Product was correlated with the AT and V O 2max . In addition, D·W was better correlated with diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and vital capacity than D alone. We conclude that D·W mimics the work of walking better than D and is suggested as a parameter for evaluation of patients' fitness if gas exchange measurements are not available.
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the body weight walking Distance Product as related to lung function anaerobic threshold and peakvo2in copd patients
Respiratory Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: M L Chuang, I F Lin, Karlman WassermanAbstract:The Product of walking Distance and body weight (D x W) mimics the work of walking. We hypothesized the superiority of D x W to walking Distance (D) alone in any correlation with lung function, anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). We further hypothesized that the D x W Product for a 6-min walk test (6 MWT) would correlate with the AT and VO2max because all three are markers of exercise ability. Thirty-three male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with mean forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) of 1.2+/-0.4 l (range 0.58-1.86 l) were enrolled. Six patients were excluded due to inability to achieve a maximal test. Lung function and self-assessed every-day activities using a oxygen-cost diagram were evaluated before entry of the study. A maximal effort ramp-pattern cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a 6 MWT were conducted in random order. Borg score, heart rate, and O2 saturation with pulse oximetry (SpO2) were measured during both exercise tests. VO2 AT and minute ventilation were also measured during the CPET. Correlations were sought between the Distance covered in the 6 MWT, and the D x W Product with AT, VO2max and other variables. The average D and D x W were 456 m and 27.5 kg km(-1), respectively. D x W was superior to D alone when correlated with the VO2max and AT determined from the CPET, while modestly correlated with the change (delta) in Borg score and delta SpO2 in the 6 MWT and self-assessed every-day activities. Distance x weight Product was correlated with the AT and VO2max. In addition, D x W was better correlated with diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and vital capacity than D alone. We conclude that D x W mimics the work of walking better than D and is suggested as a parameter for evaluation of patients' fitness if gas exchange measurements are not available.
Isaac R Holloway - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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foreign entry quality and cultural Distance Product level evidence from us movie exports
Review of World Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Isaac R HollowayAbstract:This paper investigates the effect of quality on foreign entry using data on international movie exports and direct and revealed measures of movie quality. Strict quality sorting is predicted by a model of firm heterogeneity. An alternative model is random entry, in which entry decisions are independent of the movie’s quality. I develop a discrete choice model that allows for both of these extremes as special cases, and use graphical techniques and simulations to compare their predictions to the data. I then use regression analysis to estimate the effect of quality on the propensity to enter foreign markets. A one-standard-deviation increase in quality increases the probability of entry by 25–50 %. Systematic differences in taste for different genre types are used to estimate a measure of cultural Distance between countries. Movies in “culturally dependent” genres are less likely to enter foreign markets and their probability of entry is less sensitive to quality. The cultural Distance measure enters a gravity equation of US bilateral trade significantly. Copyright Kiel Institute 2014
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foreign entry quality and cultural Distance Product level evidence from us movie exports
Review of World Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Isaac R HollowayAbstract:This paper investigates the effect of quality on foreign entry using data on international movie exports and direct and revealed measures of movie quality. Strict quality sorting is predicted by a model of firm heterogeneity. An alternative model is random entry, in which entry decisions are independent of the movie’s quality. I develop a discrete choice model that allows for both of these extremes as special cases, and use graphical techniques and simulations to compare their predictions to the data. I then use regression analysis to estimate the effect of quality on the propensity to enter foreign markets. A one-standard-deviation increase in quality increases the probability of entry by 25–50 %. Systematic differences in taste for different genre types are used to estimate a measure of cultural Distance between countries. Movies in “culturally dependent” genres are less likely to enter foreign markets and their probability of entry is less sensitive to quality. The cultural Distance measure enters a gravity equation of US bilateral trade significantly.
Yukihiro Tsuchida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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super nyquist wdm transmission over 7 326 km seven core fiber with capacity Distance Product of 1 03 exabit s km
Optics Express, 2014Co-Authors: Koji Igarashi, Yukihiro Tsuchida, Takehiro Tsuritani, Itsuro Morita, Koichi Maeda, Masateru Tadakuma, Tsunetoshi Saito, Kengo Watanabe, Katsunori Imamura, Ryuichi SugizakiAbstract:We show super-Nyquist-WDM transmission technique, where optical signals with duobinary-pulse shaping can be wavelength-multiplexed with frequency spacing of below baudrate. Duobinary-pulse shaping can reduce the signal bandwidth to be a half of baudrate while controlling inter-symbol interference can be compensated by the maximum likelihood sequence estimation in a receiver. First, we experimentally evaluate crosstalk characteristics as a function of channel spacing between the dual-channel DP-QPSK signals with duobinary-pulse shaping. As a result, the crosstalk penalty can be almost negligible as far as the ratio of baudrate to frequency spacing is maintained to be less than 1.20. Next, we demonstrate 140.7-Tbit/s, 7,326-km transmission of 7 × 201-channel 25-GHz-spaced super-Nyquist-WDM 100-Gbit/s optical signals using seven-core fiber and full C-band seven-core EDFAs. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of high-capacity transmission experiments with capacity-Distance Product in excess of 1 Exabit/s·km.
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first demonstration of mc edfa repeatered sdm transmission of 40 x 128 gbit s pdm qpsk signals per core over 6 160 km 7 core mcf
Optics Express, 2013Co-Authors: Hidenori Takahashi, E L T De Gabory, Toshiharu Ito, Weiren Peng, Yu Kawaguchi, Koji Igarashi, Koki Takeshima, Takehiro Tsuritani, Itsuro Morita, Yukihiro TsuchidaAbstract:We demonstrate the first 7-core multicore erbium-doped fiber amplified (MC-EDFA) transmission of 40 x 128-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK signals over 6,160-km 7-core multicore fiber (MCF). The crosstalk (XT) from all of the other 6 cores of a MC-EDFA and a 55-km length MCF are about −46.5 dB and −45.6 dB at center core, respectively. The core-to-core rotation approach at every amplified span is used to average the XT of all cores. The averaged optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) after 6,160-km transmission is 15.6 dB with 0.1 nm resolution bandwidth. The Q-factor of all 40 channels surpasses the threshold of the forward-error-correction of 6.4 dB with 1 dB margin after 6,160 km. The total net capacity is 28.8 Tbit/s per fiber and achieved capacity-Distance Product is 177 Pbit/s.km per fiber. We confirmed the feasibility of MC-EDFA repeatered systems for trans-oceanic transmission.
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1 03 exabit s km super nyquist wdm transmission over 7 326 km seven core fiber
European Conference on Optical Communication, 2013Co-Authors: Koji Igarashi, Yukihiro Tsuchida, Takehiro Tsuritani, Itsuro Morita, Koichi Maeda, Masateru Tadakuma, Tsunetoshi Saito, Kengo Watanabe, Katsunori Imamura, Ryuichi SugizakiAbstract:We demonstrate 140.7-Tbit/s, 7,326-km transmission of 7×201-channel 25-GHz-spaced Super-Nyquist-WDM 100-Gbit/s optical signals using seven-core fiber and full C-band seven-core EDFAs. The record capacity-Distance Product of 1.03 Exabit/s·km is achieved.
M L Chuang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the body weight walking Distance Product as related to lung function anaerobic threshold and peakvo2in copd patients
Respiratory Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: M L Chuang, I F Lin, Karlman WassermanAbstract:Abstract The Product of walking Distance and body weight (D·W) mimics the work of walking. We hypothesized the superiority of D·W to walking Distance (D) alone in any correlation with lung function, anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal oxygen uptake ( V O 2max ). We further hypothesized that the D·W Product for a 6-min walk test (6 MWT) would correlate with the AT and V O 2max because all three are markers of exercise ability. Thirty-three male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with mean forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 ) of 1·2±0·4 l (range 0·58–1·86 l) were enrolled. Six patients were excluded due to inability to achieve a maximal test. Lung function and self-assessed every-day activities using a oxygen–cost diagram were evaluated before entry of the study. A maximal effort ramp-pattern cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a 6 MWT were conducted in random order. Borg score, heart rate, and O 2 saturation with pulse oximetry ( S P O 2 ) were measured during both exercise tests. V O 2 AT and minute ventilation were also measured during the CPET. Correlations were sought between the Distance covered in the 6 MWT, and the D·W Product with AT, V O 2max and other variables. The average D and D·W were 456 m and 27·5 kgkm −1 , respectively. D·W was superior to D alone when correlated with the V O 2max and AT determined from the CPET, while modestly correlated with the change ( Δ ) in Borg score and Δ S p O 2 in the 6 MWT and self-assessed every-day activities. Distance×weight Product was correlated with the AT and V O 2max . In addition, D·W was better correlated with diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and vital capacity than D alone. We conclude that D·W mimics the work of walking better than D and is suggested as a parameter for evaluation of patients' fitness if gas exchange measurements are not available.
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the body weight walking Distance Product as related to lung function anaerobic threshold and peakvo2in copd patients
Respiratory Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: M L Chuang, I F Lin, Karlman WassermanAbstract:The Product of walking Distance and body weight (D x W) mimics the work of walking. We hypothesized the superiority of D x W to walking Distance (D) alone in any correlation with lung function, anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). We further hypothesized that the D x W Product for a 6-min walk test (6 MWT) would correlate with the AT and VO2max because all three are markers of exercise ability. Thirty-three male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with mean forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) of 1.2+/-0.4 l (range 0.58-1.86 l) were enrolled. Six patients were excluded due to inability to achieve a maximal test. Lung function and self-assessed every-day activities using a oxygen-cost diagram were evaluated before entry of the study. A maximal effort ramp-pattern cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a 6 MWT were conducted in random order. Borg score, heart rate, and O2 saturation with pulse oximetry (SpO2) were measured during both exercise tests. VO2 AT and minute ventilation were also measured during the CPET. Correlations were sought between the Distance covered in the 6 MWT, and the D x W Product with AT, VO2max and other variables. The average D and D x W were 456 m and 27.5 kg km(-1), respectively. D x W was superior to D alone when correlated with the VO2max and AT determined from the CPET, while modestly correlated with the change (delta) in Borg score and delta SpO2 in the 6 MWT and self-assessed every-day activities. Distance x weight Product was correlated with the AT and VO2max. In addition, D x W was better correlated with diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and vital capacity than D alone. We conclude that D x W mimics the work of walking better than D and is suggested as a parameter for evaluation of patients' fitness if gas exchange measurements are not available.
Koji Igarashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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super nyquist wdm transmission over 7 326 km seven core fiber with capacity Distance Product of 1 03 exabit s km
Optics Express, 2014Co-Authors: Koji Igarashi, Yukihiro Tsuchida, Takehiro Tsuritani, Itsuro Morita, Koichi Maeda, Masateru Tadakuma, Tsunetoshi Saito, Kengo Watanabe, Katsunori Imamura, Ryuichi SugizakiAbstract:We show super-Nyquist-WDM transmission technique, where optical signals with duobinary-pulse shaping can be wavelength-multiplexed with frequency spacing of below baudrate. Duobinary-pulse shaping can reduce the signal bandwidth to be a half of baudrate while controlling inter-symbol interference can be compensated by the maximum likelihood sequence estimation in a receiver. First, we experimentally evaluate crosstalk characteristics as a function of channel spacing between the dual-channel DP-QPSK signals with duobinary-pulse shaping. As a result, the crosstalk penalty can be almost negligible as far as the ratio of baudrate to frequency spacing is maintained to be less than 1.20. Next, we demonstrate 140.7-Tbit/s, 7,326-km transmission of 7 × 201-channel 25-GHz-spaced super-Nyquist-WDM 100-Gbit/s optical signals using seven-core fiber and full C-band seven-core EDFAs. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of high-capacity transmission experiments with capacity-Distance Product in excess of 1 Exabit/s·km.
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first demonstration of mc edfa repeatered sdm transmission of 40 x 128 gbit s pdm qpsk signals per core over 6 160 km 7 core mcf
Optics Express, 2013Co-Authors: Hidenori Takahashi, E L T De Gabory, Toshiharu Ito, Weiren Peng, Yu Kawaguchi, Koji Igarashi, Koki Takeshima, Takehiro Tsuritani, Itsuro Morita, Yukihiro TsuchidaAbstract:We demonstrate the first 7-core multicore erbium-doped fiber amplified (MC-EDFA) transmission of 40 x 128-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK signals over 6,160-km 7-core multicore fiber (MCF). The crosstalk (XT) from all of the other 6 cores of a MC-EDFA and a 55-km length MCF are about −46.5 dB and −45.6 dB at center core, respectively. The core-to-core rotation approach at every amplified span is used to average the XT of all cores. The averaged optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) after 6,160-km transmission is 15.6 dB with 0.1 nm resolution bandwidth. The Q-factor of all 40 channels surpasses the threshold of the forward-error-correction of 6.4 dB with 1 dB margin after 6,160 km. The total net capacity is 28.8 Tbit/s per fiber and achieved capacity-Distance Product is 177 Pbit/s.km per fiber. We confirmed the feasibility of MC-EDFA repeatered systems for trans-oceanic transmission.
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1 03 exabit s km super nyquist wdm transmission over 7 326 km seven core fiber
European Conference on Optical Communication, 2013Co-Authors: Koji Igarashi, Yukihiro Tsuchida, Takehiro Tsuritani, Itsuro Morita, Koichi Maeda, Masateru Tadakuma, Tsunetoshi Saito, Kengo Watanabe, Katsunori Imamura, Ryuichi SugizakiAbstract:We demonstrate 140.7-Tbit/s, 7,326-km transmission of 7×201-channel 25-GHz-spaced Super-Nyquist-WDM 100-Gbit/s optical signals using seven-core fiber and full C-band seven-core EDFAs. The record capacity-Distance Product of 1.03 Exabit/s·km is achieved.