The Experts below are selected from a list of 117 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Silza Tramontina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Diverse Culture do research and clinical findings support the notion of a cultural construct for the disorder
Biological Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Luis Augusto Rohde, Claudia Maciel Szobot, Guilherme V Polanczyk, Marcelo Schmitz, Silvia S Martins, Silza TramontinaAbstract:There is still some debate in the literature whether Attention-Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity (ADHD) is best conceptualized as a biological disorder or if it is best understood as a cultural construct. This review aims to contribute to disentangle this issue assessing clinical and research data on ADHD in a complete Diverse Culture from a developing country. We performed a systematic computerized review of the literature on ADHD in Brazil. All investigations were included if dealing with ADHD prevalence, etiology, symptomatological construct, or treatment. Findings were compared to those from studies in developed countries. The prevalence rates of ADHD (5.8% using DSM-IV criteria, 1.5% using ICD-10), the bi-dimensional factor construct extracted from factor analyses (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity), the pattern of ADHD comorbidity in clinical samples, the family genetic data suggesting a 39% family transmission in clinical samples and the role of some potential candidate genes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, as well as data on the efficacy of methylphenidate in the disorder are all very similar to findings from developed countries. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADHD is not a cultural construct, reinforcing the importance of applying similar research methodology in different Cultures to make findings comparable.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Diverse Culture: Do Research and Clinical Findings Support the Notion of a Cultural Construct for the Disorder?
Biological Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Luis Augusto Rohde, Claudia Maciel Szobot, Guilherme V Polanczyk, Marcelo Schmitz, Silvia S Martins, Silza TramontinaAbstract:There is still some debate in the literature whether Attention-Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity (ADHD) is best conceptualized as a biological disorder or if it is best understood as a cultural construct. This review aims to contribute to disentangle this issue assessing clinical and research data on ADHD in a complete Diverse Culture from a developing country. We performed a systematic computerized review of the literature on ADHD in Brazil. All investigations were included if dealing with ADHD prevalence, etiology, symptomatological construct, or treatment. Findings were compared to those from studies in developed countries. The prevalence rates of ADHD (5.8% using DSM-IV criteria, 1.5% using ICD-10), the bi-dimensional factor construct extracted from factor analyses (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity), the pattern of ADHD comorbidity in clinical samples, the family genetic data suggesting a 39% family transmission in clinical samples and the role of some potential candidate genes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, as well as data on the efficacy of methylphenidate in the disorder are all very similar to findings from developed countries. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADHD is not a cultural construct, reinforcing the importance of applying similar research methodology in different Cultures to make findings comparable.
M C De Albornoz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Growth kinetics and morphology of Sporothrix schenckii in Diverse Culture media
Journal De Mycologie Medicale, 2005Co-Authors: M Mendoza, A M Diaz, M B Hung, E A Zambrano, Elvia Diaz, M C De AlbornozAbstract:Abstract Objective. – Currently little is known of the kinetics of growth of the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii; the majority of studies have focused on the yeast form of the fungus. Methods. – In this study the growth kinetics of S. schenckii in Sabouraud medium, medium 199 with (M199) or without Hepes buffer (M199sH) and Minimal Medium (MM), with incubation at 28 °C were evaluated, using the techniques of biomass, CFU and total counts of conidia. Results. – The assays of CFU and total counts were the most appropriate for the evaluation of the growth of this fungus. Growth was similar in Sabouraud and M199 media. We observed the most rapid growth (μ = 0.251 h–1) in M199 and the slowest in M199sH, μ = 0.055 h–1. Greater sporulation was observed in Sabouraud and M199 media, with notable acidification in Sabouraud (to pH 4.0) as well as the presence of cigar-shaped forms compatible with the yeast form of the fungus. In the given media, conidia were observed only in ovoid and rounded forms, and there was little variation in the pH of the media. Conclusion. – The composition of the Culture media and the pH appear to influence the growth, sporulation and morphology of the conidia of S. schenckii.
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production of Culture filtrates of sporothrix schenckii in Diverse Culture media
Medical Mycology, 2002Co-Authors: M Mendoza, A M Diaz, M B Hung, E A Zambrano, Elvia Diaz, M C De AlbornozAbstract:Mycelial-form Sporothrix schenckii was studied to determine if growth in complex (Sabouraud-dextrose) or defined Culture media (minimal medium, Gibco Medium 199 with and without Hepes buffer) with differing initial pH levels would affect expression of antigen components. Cultures were evaluated by continuous monitoring and serial sampling for various parameters. Great variation was seen in the protein and antigenic patterns induced by the different media. The expression of a 55 kDa component accompanied by significant acidification of the Culture medium at the beginning of the stationary growth phase was notable in Sabouraud medium. In the chemically defined media, a 90 kDa component was expressed that reacted with sera from patients with sporotrichosis. The pH in these media showed little change during the different growth phases of the fungus. Among the media studied, minimal medium favored the expression of the greatest number of antigenic components. In all of the assays, the stationary growth phase appeared to be optimal for content of antigenic components. Cross reactions were not observed with any of the Culture filtrates using sera from patients with other mycoses.
Richard T. Lovell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diet and Fish Husbandry
Fish Nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Richard T. LovellAbstract:This chapter discusses the Culture methods, nutrient requirements, feed formulation, and feeding practices for several important commercial aquaCulture species with Diverse Culture environments and technologies. These species include channel catfish, salmonids, tilapias, and penaeid shrimp. Farm-raised catfish are fed grain-based feeds, which give the fish a mild flavor, with the absence of a “fishy” odor. The flesh is mostly white muscle, which is free of intramuscular bones. There is considerable variation in feeding practices among commercial catfish farms. Some farmers feed a fixed amount of feed in the pond daily, whereas other farmers feed what the fish in each pond will efficiently consume each day, using a floating feed so feeding activity can be observed. Salmon and trout reared for market are raised in ponds, tanks, raceways, and net pens (cages). Transfer to sea cages must be done when the fish are undergoing smoltification and are able to osmoregulate in the marine environment. The salmonid fry are first fed a finely textured mash, and as they increase in size, the size of the feed particles increases. The small fry are fed almost constantly, and as their size increases, the feeding frequency decreases.
M Jimenez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Accumulation of type A trichothecenes in maize, wheat and rice by Fusarium sporotrichioides isolates under Diverse Culture conditions.
International journal of food microbiology, 2002Co-Authors: J J Mateo, R Mateo, M JimenezAbstract:Toxigenic isolates of Fusarium sporotrichioides were tested for the production of type A trichothecenes (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol) when grown on three substrates (maize, rice and wheat) under various conditions of temperature and water activity in the laboratory for 3 weeks. Trichothecenes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, after derivatisation with coumarin-3-carbonyl chloride. This is the first time this analytical method has been applied to an extensive study of trichothecene accumulation. With minor exceptions, greater trichothecene production occurred when samples were incubated at 20 degrees C and moistened with 35% water (water activity 0.990) although incubation conditions affected the substrates studied in different ways. No correlation between the different pairs of trichothecenes was found except for neosolaniol and diacetoxyscirpenol (r=0.56). Principal component analysis results show that the data points can be grouped in three rough clusters related to cereal type, which points out that the composition of these cereals can influence the production of type A trichothecenes.
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Accumulation of type A trichothecenes in maize, wheat and rice by Fusarium sporotrichioides isolates under Diverse Culture conditions
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2002Co-Authors: J J Mateo, R Mateo, M JimenezAbstract:Abstract Toxigenic isolates of Fusarium sporotrichioides were tested for the production of type A trichothecenes (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol) when grown on three substrates (maize, rice and wheat) under various conditions of temperature and water activity in the laboratory for 3 weeks. Trichothecenes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, after derivatisation with coumarin-3-carbonyl chloride. This is the first time this analytical method has been applied to an extensive study of trichothecene accumulation. With minor exceptions, greater trichothecene production occurred when samples were incubated at 20 °C and moistened with 35% water (water activity 0.990) although incubation conditions affected the substrates studied in different ways. No correlation between the different pairs of trichothecenes was found except for neosolaniol and diacetoxyscirpenol (r=0.56). Principal component analysis results show that the data points can be grouped in three rough clusters related to cereal type, which points out that the composition of these cereals can influence the production of type A trichothecenes.
Luis Augusto Rohde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Diverse Culture do research and clinical findings support the notion of a cultural construct for the disorder
Biological Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Luis Augusto Rohde, Claudia Maciel Szobot, Guilherme V Polanczyk, Marcelo Schmitz, Silvia S Martins, Silza TramontinaAbstract:There is still some debate in the literature whether Attention-Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity (ADHD) is best conceptualized as a biological disorder or if it is best understood as a cultural construct. This review aims to contribute to disentangle this issue assessing clinical and research data on ADHD in a complete Diverse Culture from a developing country. We performed a systematic computerized review of the literature on ADHD in Brazil. All investigations were included if dealing with ADHD prevalence, etiology, symptomatological construct, or treatment. Findings were compared to those from studies in developed countries. The prevalence rates of ADHD (5.8% using DSM-IV criteria, 1.5% using ICD-10), the bi-dimensional factor construct extracted from factor analyses (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity), the pattern of ADHD comorbidity in clinical samples, the family genetic data suggesting a 39% family transmission in clinical samples and the role of some potential candidate genes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, as well as data on the efficacy of methylphenidate in the disorder are all very similar to findings from developed countries. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADHD is not a cultural construct, reinforcing the importance of applying similar research methodology in different Cultures to make findings comparable.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Diverse Culture: Do Research and Clinical Findings Support the Notion of a Cultural Construct for the Disorder?
Biological Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Luis Augusto Rohde, Claudia Maciel Szobot, Guilherme V Polanczyk, Marcelo Schmitz, Silvia S Martins, Silza TramontinaAbstract:There is still some debate in the literature whether Attention-Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity (ADHD) is best conceptualized as a biological disorder or if it is best understood as a cultural construct. This review aims to contribute to disentangle this issue assessing clinical and research data on ADHD in a complete Diverse Culture from a developing country. We performed a systematic computerized review of the literature on ADHD in Brazil. All investigations were included if dealing with ADHD prevalence, etiology, symptomatological construct, or treatment. Findings were compared to those from studies in developed countries. The prevalence rates of ADHD (5.8% using DSM-IV criteria, 1.5% using ICD-10), the bi-dimensional factor construct extracted from factor analyses (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity), the pattern of ADHD comorbidity in clinical samples, the family genetic data suggesting a 39% family transmission in clinical samples and the role of some potential candidate genes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, as well as data on the efficacy of methylphenidate in the disorder are all very similar to findings from developed countries. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADHD is not a cultural construct, reinforcing the importance of applying similar research methodology in different Cultures to make findings comparable.