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Sandro Antonio Pereira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a one health approach to combatting sporothrix brasiliensis narrative review of an emerging zoonotic fungal pathogen in south america
Journal of Fungi, 2020Co-Authors: John Rossow, Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião, Flavio Queiroztelles, Diego H Caceres, Karlyn D Beer, Brendan R Jackson, Jose Guillermo Pereira, Sandro Antonio PereiraAbstract:Cat-transmitted Sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis has become a major public health concern and presents a distinct divergence from the traditional epidemiology of Sporotrichosis. This emerging fungal pathogen spreads readily among cat populations, and human infections occur exclusively via zoonotic transmission. While Sporotrichosis is an implantation mycosis that typically manifests as cutaneous lesions in humans and cats, severe extracutaneous manifestations are more common with S. brasiliensis than other Sporothrix species infections. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment regimens are critical for successful clinical resolution of Sporotrichosis in both cats and humans. Species-level identification of Sporothrix is possible with molecular diagnostics and necessary for tracking the geographic expansion of S. brasiliensis and better understanding its epidemiology. Combatting cat-transmitted Sporotrichosis requires a One Health approach to successfully implement public health control measures.
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Guideline for the management of feline Sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and literature revision
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião, Melissa Orzechowski Xavier, Hildebrando Montenegro, Elisabeth Rocha, Aroldo José Borges Carneiro, Marconi Rodrigues Farias, Fabiana Monti, Wilson Mansho, Romeika Herminia Pereira, Sandro Antonio PereiraAbstract:We herein present a Brazilian guideline for the management of feline Sporotrichosis, a mycosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. This guideline is an effort of a national technical group organized by the Working Group on Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM). This publication intends to provide information on clinical-epidemiological aspects of this zoonosis, as well as a literature revision. Moreover, it gives some practical information on diagnosis and treatment of feline Sporotrichosis. It also contains information that can be helpful for the prevention and control of S. brasiliensis transmission .
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geographic expansion of Sporotrichosis brazil
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião, Manoel Marques Evangelista Oliveira, Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas, Luisa Helena Monteiro Miranda, Sandro Antonio PereiraAbstract:Brazil has experienced geographic expansion of zoonotic Sporotrichosis. Social problems in the country contribute substantially to the expansion. A comprehensive Sporotrichosis control program is beyond the sphere of public health. A One Health approach is needed to control the disease in animals and humans.
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synthesis and identification of pentathiepin based inhibitors of sporothrix brasiliensis
The Journal of Antibiotics, 2019Co-Authors: Christopher R M Asquith, Rodrigo Almeidapaes, Luisa Helena Monteiro Miranda, Ana Caroline De Sa Machado, Lidia S Konstantinova, Oleg A Rakitin, Sandro Antonio PereiraAbstract:Sporothrix brasiliensis is the causative agent of zoonotic Sporotrichosis in Brazil and is currently referred to as the most virulent species among those of clinical importance within the genus. Sporotrichosis is an emergent disease that has come to the forefront over two decades with a recent hot spot of Sporotrichosis infection emerging in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The source of these infections is now at epidemic proportions with more than 4000 cases reported in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, alone since 1998. We developed a focused library of a rare pentathiepin ring system and identified a potent substitution pattern that yielded compounds 21 and 22. These compounds were more potent than itraconazole which is the current standard of care for Sporotrichosis.
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monitoring fungal burden and viability of sporothrix spp in skin lesions of cats for predicting antifungal treatment response
Journal of Fungi, 2018Co-Authors: Luisa Helena Monteiro Miranda, Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião, Rodrigo Almeidapaes, Raquel De Vasconcellos Carvalhaes De Oliveira, Jessica Nunes Silva, Rodrigo Caldas Menezes, Erica Guerino Dos Reis, Danuza Salles Do Amaral De Araujo, Laerte Ferreiro, Sandro Antonio PereiraAbstract:Skin lesions in feline Sporotrichosis usually present a high fungal burden, making cats an important source of infection. This study evaluated the fungal burden and isolation in skin lesions of feline Sporotrichosis during treatment with itraconazole (ITZ), combined with or without potassium iodide (KI). Treatment-naive cats with culture-confirmed Sporotrichosis and presenting skin ulcers were treated for up to 40 weeks with oral ITZ alone (n = 74) or combined with KI (n = 56). These cats were submitted to monthly sampling of the same lesion for mycological culture and cytopathology until healing of lesion or up to twelve weeks. The fungal burden was expressed as the mean yeast cell count in three microscopic fields from imprint smears. The fungal burden before treatment was significantly higher in cats in which the lesion persisted and in cases of treatment failure when using ITZ alone. After twelve weeks, the median fungal burden decreased to zero in both treatment protocols, suggesting a potential decrease in the risk of transmission of Sporothrix spp. from cats. These findings encourage the early treatment of feline Sporotrichosis as a control measure. Moreover, the fungal burden in feline Sporotrichosis lesions can be a prognostic indicator and a parameter for choosing appropriate therapeutic regimen.
Tânia Maria Pacheco Schubach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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association of itraconazole and potassium iodide in the treatment of feline Sporotrichosis a prospective study
Medical Mycology, 2016Co-Authors: Erica Guerino Dos Reis, Sandro Antonio Pereira, Tânia Maria Pacheco Schubach, Jessica N Silva, Beatriz W Carvalho, Marcel S B Quintana, Isabella Dib Ferreira GremiãoAbstract:Feline Sporotrichosis is an endemic disease in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where zoonotic transmission of Sporothrix spp. has been reported since 1998. Itraconazole (ITZ) remains the first choice for treating this disease in cats. However, there have been reports of therapeutic failure and a long-term endeavor. Potassium iodide (KI), considered in the past as a drug with variable effectiveness in cats with Sporotrichosis, arises as an important option in the treatment of cats from the endemic area of Rio de Janeiro. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the association of ITZ and KI in naive cats with Sporotrichosis, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 30 cats receiving ITZ 100 mg/day and KI 2.5 mg-20 mg/kg/day. Clinical and laboratory adverse effects were assessed once a month according to the standard care protocol. The cure rate was 96.15% within a median of 14 weeks of treatment. Adverse effects were observed in 50% of cats and were managed with a temporary drug suspension and/or a hepatoprotective therapy. The association of ITZ and KI emerges as an effective option for the treatment of feline Sporotrichosis.
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Severe feline Sporotrichosis associated with an increased population of CD8low cells and a decrease in CD4⁺ cells.
Medical mycology, 2015Co-Authors: Luisa Helena Monteiro Miranda, Sandro Antonio Pereira, Tânia Maria Pacheco Schubach, Marta A. Santiago, Fernanda Nazaré Morgado, Raquel De Vasconcellos Carvalhaes De Oliveira, Fátima Conceição-silvaAbstract:Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis with worldwide distribution, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Zoonotic transmission is described with cats being the main animal species involved. The occurrence of severe feline Sporotrichosis with high fungal levels demonstrates the susceptibility of cats to this disease and the importance of studying its pathogenesis. This study describes the leukocytes profile in blood of cats with Sporotrichosis by flow cytometry and its correlation with histopathology and fungal load. The cats with Sporotrichosis were separated into groups L1, L2, and L3 (lesions at one, two, and three or more noncontiguous skin locations, respectively) and were classified as good, fair, or poor general conditions. The highest percentage of CD4+ cells was associated to L1 (P = .04) and to good general condition (P = .03). The percentage of CD8+ cells was greater in L2 and L3 (P = .01). CD8(low) expression occurred in 20 animals with Sporotrichosis, mainly in L3 (P = .01) and was not observed in healthy controls. This expression was related to macrophage granulomas (P = .01) and predominated in cases with high fungal load. Altogether, the results indicated that control over feline Sporotrichosis, with maintenance of a good general condition, fixed lesions, well-organized response and lower fungal load, is associated with increased CD4+ cells percentages. In contrast, a poor general condition, disseminated lesions and high fungal load were related to increased CD8+ cell percentages and increased expression of CD8(low). As conclusion these results point to an important role of the CD4:CD8 balance in determining the clinical outcome in feline Sporotrichosis.
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feline Sporotrichosis epidemiological and clinical aspects
Medical Mycology, 2015Co-Authors: Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião, Tânia Maria Pacheco Schubach, Rodrigo Caldas Menezes, Anna Barretos Fernandes Figueiredo, Maira Cruz De Holanda Cavalcanti, Sandro Antonio PereiraAbstract:Feline Sporotrichosis, which is caused by species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex, is endemic to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. More than 4000 cases of the disease were diagnosed at Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil, between 1998 and 2012. Sporotrichosis in cats has been reported in several countries, but nowhere has an outbreak of animal Sporotrichosis been as large as that seen in Brazil. The clinical manifestations of the disease range from an isolated skin lesion that can progress to multiple skin lesions and even fatal systemic involvement. Nodules and ulcers are the most common types of lesions, and respiratory signs and mucosa involvement are frequent. The definitive diagnosis depends on isolation of the etiologic agent in culture. Cytology, histopathology, and serology are useful tools for preliminary diagnosis. Severe pyogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate, high fungal load, and extension of lesions to mucosa, cartilage, and bone in the nose of cats are indicative of an agent of high virulence in this endemic region. Itraconazole is the drug of choice, while, in refractory cases, amphotericin B or potassium iodide might be alternative treatments; however, recurrence after discharge may occur. Sporotrichosis persists as a neglected disease in Rio de Janeiro, and the treatment of cats remains a challenging and long-term endeavor.
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the epidemiological scenario of feline Sporotrichosis in rio de janeiro state of rio de janeiro brazil
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical, 2014Co-Authors: Sandro Antonio Pereira, Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião, Amanda Akemi Braga Kitada, Jessica Sepulveda Boechat, Paula Goncalves Viana, Tânia Maria Pacheco SchubachAbstract:Introduction: Sporotrichosis is a mycosis affecting both humans and animals. Within the context of the ongoing Sporotrichosis epidemic in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sick cats plays an important role in the zoonotic transmission. The aim of this study was to update the number of feline cases diagnosed at the Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz (2005-2011). Methods: The medical records of the cats followed were reviewed; the inclusion criterion was the isolation of Sporothrix spp. in culture. Results: In total, 2,301 feline cases were identifi ed. Conclusions: These results should alert sanitary authorities to the diffi culties associated with Sporotrichosis control.
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phylogenetic analysis reveals a high prevalence of sporothrix brasiliensis in feline Sporotrichosis outbreaks
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Sandro Antonio Pereira, Geisa Ferreira Fernandes, Tânia Maria Pacheco Schubach, Marcus De Melo Teixeira, Sybren G De Hoog, Leila Maria Lopes Bezerra, Maria Sueli Soares Felipe, Zoilo Pires De CamargoAbstract:Sporothrix schenckii, previously assumed to be the sole agent of human and animal Sporotrichosis, is in fact a species complex. Recently recognized taxa include S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. mexicana, and S. luriei, in addition to S. schenckii sensu stricto. Over the last decades, large epidemics of Sporotrichosis occurred in Brazil due to zoonotic transmission, and cats were pointed out as key susceptible hosts. In order to understand the eco-epidemiology of feline Sporotrichosis and its role in human Sporotrichosis a survey was conducted among symptomatic cats. Prevalence and phylogenetic relationships among feline Sporothrix species were investigated by reconstructing their phylogenetic origin using the calmodulin (CAL) and the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α) loci in strains originated from Rio de Janeiro (RJ, n = 15), Rio Grande do Sul (RS, n = 10), Parana (PR, n = 4), Sao Paulo (SP, n = 3) and Minas Gerais (MG, n = 1). Our results showed that S. brasiliensis is highly prevalent among cats (96.9%) with Sporotrichosis, while S. schenckii was identified only once. The genotype of Sporothrix from cats was found identical to S. brasiliensis from human sources confirming that the disease is transmitted by cats. Sporothrix brasiliensis presented low genetic diversity compared to its sister taxon S. schenckii. No evidence of recombination in S. brasiliensis was found by split decomposition or PHI-test analysis, suggesting that S. brasiliensis is a clonal species. Strains recovered in states SP, MG and PR share the genotype of the RJ outbreak, different from the RS clone. The occurrence of separate genotypes among strains indicated that the Brazilian S. brasiliensis epidemic has at least two distinct sources. We suggest that cats represent a major host and the main source of cat and human S. brasiliensis infections in Brazil.
Zoilo Pires De Camargo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sporothrix brasiliensis outbreaks and the rapid emergence of feline Sporotrichosis.
Mycoses, 2015Co-Authors: Karine Ortiz Sanchotene, Zoilo Pires De Camargo, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Isabel Martins Madrid, Gabriel Baracy Klafke, Mariana Bergamashi, Paula Portella Della Terra, Melissa Orzechowski XavierAbstract:Sporotrichosis is the main subcutaneous mycosis in Brazil, and is caused by Sporothrix schenckii and allied species. Sporothrix propagules present on soil and plant debris may be traumatically inoculated into the cutaneous/ subcutaneous tissues of the warm-blooded host. An alternative route involves direct animal-animal and animal-human transmissions through deep scratches and bites of diseased cats. Sporotrichosis is much more common than previously appreciated with several cases emerging over the years especially in South and Southeast Brazil. We conducted an epidemiological surveillance in endemic areas of feline Sporotrichosis in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Over the last 5-year period the number of feline Sporotrichosis in Rio Grande increased from 0.75 new cases per month in 2010 to 3.33 cases per month in 2014. The wide geographic distribution of diagnosed cases highlights the dynamics of Sporothrix transmission across urban areas with high population density. Molecular identification down to species level by PCR-RFLP of cat-transmitted Sporothrix revealed the emergence of the clonal offshoot S. brasiliensis during feline outbreaks; this scenario is similar to the epidemics taking place in the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Controlling and preventing Sporotrichosis outbreaks are essential steps to managing the disease among humans and animals.
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immunoproteomic analysis reveals a convergent humoral response signature in the sporothrix schenckii complex
Journal of Proteomics, 2015Co-Authors: Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Geisa Ferreira Fernandes, Sandro Rogério De Almeida, Paula H Kubitschekbarreira, Leila M Lopesbezerra, Zoilo Pires De CamargoAbstract:Abstract Sporotrichosis is a polymorphic disease that affects both humans and animals worldwide. The fungus gains entry into a warm-blooded host through minor trauma to the skin, typically by contaminated vegetation or by scratches and bites from a diseased cat. Cellular and humoral responses triggered upon pathogen introduction play important roles in the development and severity of the disease. We investigated molecules expressed during the host–parasite interplay that elicit the humoral response in human Sporotrichosis. For antigenic profiling, Sporothrix yeast cell extracts were separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and probed with pooled sera from individuals with fixed cutaneous and lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis. Thirty-five IgG-seroreactive spots were identified as eight specific proteins by MALDI–ToF/MS. Remarkable cross-reactivity among Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Sporothrix globosa was noted and antibodies strongly reacted with the 70-kDa protein (gp70), irrespective of clinical manifestation. Gp70 was successfully identified in multiple spots as 3-carboxymuconate cyclase. In addition, 2D-DIGE characterization suggested that the major antigen of Sporotrichosis undergoes post-translational modifications involving glycosylation and amino acid substitution, resulting in at least six isoforms and glycoforms that were present in the pathogenic species but absent in the ancestral non-virulent Sporothrix mexicana. Although a primary environmental function related to the benzoate degradation pathway of aromatic polymers has been attributed to orthologs of this molecule, our findings support the hypothesis that gp70 is important for pathogenesis and invasion in human Sporotrichosis. We propose a diverse panel of new putative candidate molecules for diagnostic tests and vaccine development. Biological significance Outbreaks due to Sporothrix spp. have emerged over time, affecting thousands of patients worldwide. A sophisticated host–pathogen interplay drives the manifestation and severity of infection, involving immune responses elicited upon traumatic exposure of the skin barrier to the pathogen followed by immune evasion. Using an immunoproteomic approach we characterized proteins of potential significance in pathogenesis and invasion that trigger the humoral response during human Sporotrichosis. We found gp70 to be a cross-immunogenic protein shared among pathogenic Sporothrix spp. but absent in the ancestral environmental S. mexicana, supporting the hypothesis that gp70 plays key roles in pathogenicity. For the first time, we demonstrate with 2D-DIGE that post-translational modifications putatively involve glycosylation and amino acid substitution, resulting in at least six isoforms and glycoforms, all of them IgG-reactive. These findings of a convergent humoral response highlight gp70 as an important target serological diagnosis and for vaccine development among phylogenetically related agents of Sporotrichosis.
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feline Sporotrichosis due to sporothrix brasiliensis an emerging animal infection in sao paulo brazil
BMC Veterinary Research, 2014Co-Authors: Hildebrando Montenegro, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Maria Adelaide Galvao Dias, Elisabete Aparecida Da Silva, Fernanda Bernardi, Zoilo Pires De CamargoAbstract:Sporotrichosis is a mycotic infectious disease that is generally acquired by traumatic inoculation of contaminated materials especially from plant debris or through bites and scratches from diseased animals, such as domestic cats. It affects the skin, lymphatic system, and other organs in the warm-blooded host. Etiological agents are embedded in the plant-associated order Ophiostomatales. With essential differences between possible outbreak sources and ecological niche, host-environment interactions are classic determinants of risk factors for disease acquisition. Sporotrichosis outbreaks with zoonotic transmission, such as those that are ongoing in southern and southeastern Brazil, have highlighted the threat of cross-species pathogen transmission. Sporothrix brasiliensis has emerged as a human threat owing to the intimate contact pattern between diseased cats and humans in endemic areas. We describe the recent emergence of feline Sporotrichosis in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Brazil, with an overwhelming occurrence of S. brasiliensis as the etiological agent. A phylogenetic and a haplotype approach were used to investigate the origin of this epidemic and the impact of feline transmission on genetic diversity. During the last 3-year period, 163 cases of feline Sporotrichosis were reported in Sao Paulo with proven S. brasiliensis culture. The haplotype diversity of feline S. brasiliensis isolates revealed the expansion of a clonal population with low genetic diversity. Haplotype analysis confirmed that isolates from Sao Paulo shared the haplotype originated in the long-lasting outbreak of cat-transmitted Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, which differed from the haplotype circulating in the Rio Grande do Sul epidemic. The fast spread of Sporotrichosis in a short period of time highlights the potential for outbreaks and suggests that the mycosis may affect an urban population with a high concentration of susceptible felines. The feline Sporotrichosis epidemic shows no signs of slowing, and this epidemiological pattern may require specific public health strategies to control future outbreaks.
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Feline Sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis: an emerging animal infection in São Paulo, Brazil
BMC Veterinary Research, 2014Co-Authors: Hildebrando Montenegro, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Maria Adelaide Galvao Dias, Elisabete Aparecida Da Silva, Fernanda Bernardi, Zoilo Pires De CamargoAbstract:Background Sporotrichosis is a mycotic infectious disease that is generally acquired by traumatic inoculation of contaminated materials especially from plant debris or through bites and scratches from diseased animals, such as domestic cats. It affects the skin, lymphatic system, and other organs in the warm-blooded host. Etiological agents are embedded in the plant-associated order Ophiostomatales. With essential differences between possible outbreak sources and ecological niche, host-environment interactions are classic determinants of risk factors for disease acquisition. Sporotrichosis outbreaks with zoonotic transmission, such as those that are ongoing in southern and southeastern Brazil, have highlighted the threat of cross-species pathogen transmission. Sporothrix brasiliensis has emerged as a human threat owing to the intimate contact pattern between diseased cats and humans in endemic areas. Results We describe the recent emergence of feline Sporotrichosis in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, with an overwhelming occurrence of S. brasiliensis as the etiological agent. A phylogenetic and a haplotype approach were used to investigate the origin of this epidemic and the impact of feline transmission on genetic diversity. During the last 3-year period, 163 cases of feline Sporotrichosis were reported in São Paulo with proven S. brasiliensis culture. The haplotype diversity of feline S. brasiliensis isolates revealed the expansion of a clonal population with low genetic diversity. Haplotype analysis confirmed that isolates from São Paulo shared the haplotype originated in the long-lasting outbreak of cat-transmitted Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, which differed from the haplotype circulating in the Rio Grande do Sul epidemic. Conclusions The fast spread of Sporotrichosis in a short period of time highlights the potential for outbreaks and suggests that the mycosis may affect an urban population with a high concentration of susceptible felines. The feline Sporotrichosis epidemic shows no signs of slowing, and this epidemiological pattern may require specific public health strategies to control future outbreaks.
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Feline Sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis: an emerging animal infection in São Paulo, Brazil
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2014Co-Authors: Montenegro Hildebrando, Elisabete Aparecida Da Silva, Rodrigues, Anderson Messias, Dias, Maria Adelaide Galvao, Bernardi Fernanda, Zoilo Pires De CamargoAbstract:Background: Sporotrichosis is a mycotic infectious disease that is generally acquired by traumatic inoculation of contaminated materials especially from plant debris or through bites and scratches from diseased animals, such as domestic cats. It affects the skin, lymphatic system, and other organs in the warm-blooded host. Etiological agents are embedded in the plant-associated order Ophiostomatales. With essential differences between possible outbreak sources and ecological niche, host-environment interactions are classic determinants of risk factors for disease acquisition. Sporotrichosis outbreaks with zoonotic transmission, such as those that are ongoing in southern and southeastern Brazil, have highlighted the threat of cross-species pathogen transmission. Sporothrix brasiliensis has emerged as a human threat owing to the intimate contact pattern between diseased cats and humans in endemic areas.Results: We describe the recent emergence of feline Sporotrichosis in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, with an overwhelming occurrence of S. brasiliensis as the etiological agent. A phylogenetic and a haplotype approach were used to investigate the origin of this epidemic and the impact of feline transmission on genetic diversity. During the last 3-year period, 163 cases of feline Sporotrichosis were reported in São Paulo with proven S. brasiliensis culture. the haplotype diversity of feline S. brasiliensis isolates revealed the expansion of a clonal population with low genetic diversity. Haplotype analysis confirmed that isolates from São Paulo shared the haplotype originated in the long-lasting outbreak of cat-transmitted Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, which differed from the haplotype circulating in the Rio Grande do Sul epidemic.Conclusions: the fast spread of Sporotrichosis in a short period of time highlights the potential for outbreaks and suggests that the mycosis may affect an urban population with a high concentration of susceptible felines. the feline Sporotrichosis epidemic shows no signs of slowing, and this epidemiological pattern may require specific public health strategies to control future outbreaks.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Zoonosis Control Ctr São Paulo, COVISA SMS PMSP, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, Div Cell Biol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, Div Cell Biol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2011/07350-1FAPESP: 2009/54024-2CNPq: 472600/2011-7CNPq: 472169/2012-2Web of Scienc
Antonio Carlos Francesconi Do Valle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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zoonotic Sporotrichosis in renal transplant recipients from rio de janeiro brazil
Transplant Infectious Disease, 2021Co-Authors: Vivian Fichman, Rodrigo Almeidapaes, Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas, Antonio Carlos Francesconi Do Valle, Rosely Maria Zancopeoliveira, Priscila Marques De Macedo, Fernando Almeidasilva, Andrea Reis Bernardesengemann, Maria Clara GutierrezgalhardoAbstract:Sporotrichosis is the main subcutaneous mycosis in the world. In the last two decades, zoonotic Sporotrichosis transmitted by cats has become hyperendemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Renal transplant recipients are subject to invasive fungal infection because of the effects of immunosuppressive therapy, but Sporotrichosis is rarely reported. The authors conducted a retrospective study describing epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data related to adult renal-transplant-recipient patients diagnosed with Sporotrichosis. The molecular identification of fungal isolates was performed. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITZ), posaconazole (POS), isavuconazole, and terbinafine (TRB) against the strains was determined using the protocol described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Six cases were identified from a cohort with 2429 Sporotrichosis patients. They were five men and one woman, with a mean age of 44.2 years (range: 34-54 years). Four of them had cutaneous limited forms, and two patients had disseminated forms. The mean time between transplant and the onset of Sporotrichosis symptoms was 25.5 (range: 6-36) months. Sporothrix brasiliensis was identified as the causative agent. The isolates were classified as wild type for all antifungal drugs tested. Treatment schemes included AMB (deoxycholate and liposomal), ITZ, and TRB. Five patients evolved to cure, and one died as a result of disseminated disease. Renal transplant recipients may be a vulnerable group for Sporotrichosis in endemic countries. The authors highlight the importance of Sporotrichosis prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment to prevent disseminated disease and poor prognosis.
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Cryosurgery for the treatment of cutaneous Sporotrichosis in four pregnant women
2018Co-Authors: Vivian Fichman, Rodrigo Almeida-paes, Manoel Marques Evangelista Oliveira, Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas, Antonio Carlos Francesconi Do Valle, Priscila Marques De Macedo, Maria Clara Gutierrez-galhardoAbstract:BackgroundPregnant women with Sporotrichosis should not receive systemic antifungal therapy except in severe cases when amphotericin B is recommended. Thermotherapy is the most reported treatment described in this group of patients. It entails weeks of daily self-application of heat to the lesions, requires that the patient faithfully apply it, and it could cause skin burns. Cryosurgery is a useful therapeutic tool for many cutaneous infectious diseases, safe for pregnant women, but not well evaluated for Sporotrichosis treatment in this group.MethodologyThe authors conducted a retrospective study describing epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data related to four pregnant patients with Sporotrichosis treated with cryosurgery. The authors reviewed the clinical records of four pregnant patients diagnosed with cutaneous Sporotrichosis and treated with cryosurgery. The sessions were carried out monthly up to clinical cure. Molecular identification of the Sporothrix species was performed in two cases using T3B PCR fingerprinting assays.Principal findingsAll patients were in the second trimester of pregnancy and their age ranged from 18 to 34 years. With regard to clinical presentation, two patients had lymphocutaneous and two had the fixed form. S. brasiliensis was identified in two cases as the causative agent. Cryosurgery was well tolerated and the number of sessions ranged from 1 to 3. All the patients reached a complete clinical cure.ConclusionsCryosurgery was a safe, easy to perform and well tolerated method, and therefore it is suggested to be a suitable option for the treatment of cutaneous Sporotrichosis in pregnant women.
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multifocal choroiditis in disseminated Sporotrichosis in patients with hiv aids
Retinal Cases & Brief Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Ana Luiza Biancardi, Manoel Marques Evangelista Oliveira, Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas, Antonio Carlos Francesconi Do Valle, Rosely Maria Zancopeoliveira, Maria Clara Gutierrez Galhardo, Vitor Ribeiro Gomes De Almeida Valviesse, Hugo Boechat Andrade, André Luiz Land CuriAbstract:Purpose In this article, the authors describe multifocal choroiditis related to disseminated Sporotrichosis in patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of three patients infected with HIV who presented with disseminated Sporotrichosis characterized by cutaneous lesions, multifocal choroiditis, and other manifestations, including osteomyelitis and involvement of the bone marrow, larynx, pharynx, and nasal and oral mucosa. Results Five eyes of three patients with HIV/AIDS showed multifocal choroiditis related to disseminated Sporotrichosis. The CD4 counts ranged from 25 to 53 mm. All patients were asymptomatic visually. The ocular disease was bilateral in two patients. The lesion size ranged from 1/3 to 2 disc diameters. None of the patients had vitritis. Of the 12 lesions, 9 were localized in the posterior pole (Zone 1) and 3 were localized in the mild periphery (Zone 2). Conclusion Multifocal choroiditis due to disseminated Sporotrichosis can occur in profoundly immunosuppressed patients with HIV/AIDS.
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Sporotrichosis in rio de janeiro brazil sporothrix brasiliensis is associated with atypical clinical presentations
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Rodrigo Almeidapaes, Manoel Marques Evangelista Oliveira, Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas, Antonio Carlos Francesconi Do Valle, Rosely Maria Zancopeoliveira, Maria Clara GutierrezgalhardoAbstract:Background There have been several recent changes in the taxonomy of Sporothrix schenckii as well as new observations regarding the clinical aspects of Sporotrichosis. In this study, we determined the identification of the Sporothrix species associated with both classic and unusual clinical aspects of Sporotrichosis observed in the endemic area of Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methodology/Principal Findings To verify whether S. brasiliensis is associated with clinical manifestations of Sporotrichosis, a cross-sectional study was performed in which Sporothrix isolates from 50 patients with different clinical manifestations were analyzed and their isolates were studied by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Data from these patients revealed a distinct clinical picture and therapeutic response in infections caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis (n = 45) compared to patients with S. schenckii sensu stricto (n = 5). S. brasiliensis was associated with disseminated cutaneous infection without underlying disease, hypersensitivity reactions, and mucosal infection, whereas patients with S. schenckii presented with less severe and more often localized disease, similar to the majority of previously described Sporotrichosis cases. Interestingly, S. brasiliensis-infected patients overall required shorter durations of itraconazole (median 16 weeks) compared to the individuals with S. schenckii (median 24 weeks). Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that Sporothrix species are linked to different clinical manifestations of Sporotrichosis and that S. brasiliensis is effectively treated with oral itraconazole.
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Sporotrichosis an emerging neglected opportunistic infection in hiv infected patients in rio de janeiro brazil
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas, Antonio Carlos Francesconi Do Valle, Rosely Maria Zancopeoliveira, Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra, Margarete Bernardo Tavares Da Silva, Dayse Pereira Campos, Rogerio Souza, Valdilea G Veloso, Francisco I Bastos, Maria Clara Gutierrez GalhardoAbstract:Sporotrichosis associated with zoonotic transmission remains a relevant public health problem in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, affecting a large at-risk population, which includes HIV-infected individuals. We assessed patients co-infected by Sporothrix spp. and HIV over time in the context of an unabated Sporotrichosis epidemic. A retrospective cohort retrieved information from a National reference institute for infectious diseases regarding 48 patients with Sporotrichosis-HIV co-infection (group 1) as well as 3,570 patients with Sporotrichosis (group 2), from 1987 through March 2013. Most patients from group 1 were male (68.8%), whereas women were predominant in group 2 (69.1%; p,0.0001). Patients from group 1 were younger than those from group 2 (m = 38.38610.17 vs. 46.34615.85; p,0.001) and differed from group 2 in terms of their race/ethnic background, with 70.8% non-white patients in group 1 vs. 38.6% from group 2 (p,0.0001). Close to half (,44%) of the patients from group 1 were hospitalized due to Sporotrichosis over time, whereas hospitalization was very unlikely in group 2, among whom approximately 1% were hospitalized over time. Dissemination of Sporotrichosis was the main cause of hospitalization in both groups, although it was more common among hospitalized patients from group 1 (19/21 [90.5%] vs. 16/37 [43.2%]; p,0.001). Over the period under analysis, eight patients died due to Sporotrichosis (3/48 vs. 5/3,570). The diagnosis of Sporotrichosis elicited HIV testing and subsequent diagnosis in 19/48 patients, whereas 23/48 patients were simultaneously diagnosed with the two infections. HIV infection aggravates Sporotrichosis, with a higher incidence of severe disseminated cases and a higher number of hospitalizations and deaths. Underserved populations, among whom Sporotrichosis has been propagated, have been affected by different transmissible (e.g., HIV) and non-transmissible diseases. These populations should be targeted by community development programs and entitled to integrated management and care of their superimposed burdens.
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domestic feline contribution in the transmission of sporothrix in rio de janeiro state brazil a comparison between infected and non infected populations
BMC Veterinary Research, 2018Co-Authors: Pamella Antunes De Macedosales, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Leila M Lopesbezerra, Simone Rocha Leal Da Silveira Souto, Carolina Airao Destefani, Ricardo Pereira De Lucena, Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado, Marcia R Pinto, Elisabeth Martins Da Silva Da Rocha, Andrea Regina De Souza BaptistaAbstract:Sporotrichosis is a neglected zoonosis caused by pathogenic fungi belonging to the Sporothrix schenckii complex. In Rio de Janeiro state, this disease reached an epidemic status with over 4700 domestic felines and around 4000 humans affected since the mid-90s. The present study evaluated clinical and epidemiological aspects and also the frequency of colonization and infection by these fungi in healthy cats and among those with suspicious cutaneous lesions, inhabiting four Rio de Janeiro state distinct areas. Three hundred and seventy-one cats were included in two groups: 175 healthy cats [CRG] and 196 cats showing lesions suggesting Sporotrichosis [SSG]. Mycological diagnosis allowed SSG animals to be divided in positive [104 cats; +SG] and negative [92 cats; -SG] groups. Nails, oral mucosa and lesions swabs were submitted to culture and potential colonies were subculture for micromorphologycal analysis, dimorphism and molecular tests. In the CRG, only one cat was colonized in the oral cavity [0.57%]; in the -SG group, four animals showed colonization of the nail and/or oral cavity [4.3%]; while the highest frequency of colonization [39.4%] was observed in the +SG. All molecularly typed isolates were identified as S. brasiliensis. The results obtained here indicate that healthy cats have a minor role in Sporotrichosis transmission within the state of Rio de Janeiro. Conversely, a higher participation of diseased feline in Sporotrichosis transmission was evidenced, especially by the colonization of their oral cavity. Sporothrix brasiliensis equally affects and colonizes animals from distinct Rio de Janeiro state areas. Thus, we hypothesize that Sporotrichosis is a uniform endemic throughout the state, whose transmission depends mainly on the contact with cats with Sporotrichosis. Since Rio de Janeiro displays a world unique epidemic model of the disease, not fully understood, data on the infected and non-infected animals can be of major importance for future strategies of Sporotrichosis prevention and control. Finally, considering the importance of the current concept of “one health”, the experience here observed can be helpful for distinct epizootias and/or zoonosis.
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zoonotic epidemic of Sporotrichosis cat to human transmission
PLOS Pathogens, 2017Co-Authors: Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Luisa Helena Monteiro Miranda, Erica Guerino Dos Reis, Sandro Antonio PereiraAbstract:Most of the 51 species embedded in the genus Sporothrix are nonpathogenic environmental fungi that are closely related to decaying wood, plants, and soil. However, members of the Sporothrix schenckii complex are highly successful mammal pathogens, including S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii sensu stricto (s. str.), S. globosa, and S. luriei, the causative agents of human and animal Sporotrichosis [1]. Their key to success during mammal infection lies at least in part with their ability to change from a mycelial saprophytic lifestyle at 25°C in the environment to a parasitic yeast cell at an elevated temperature (35°C–37°C), such as those developed by warm-blooded hosts [2]. Typically, infection develops after traumatic inoculation of contaminated soil, plants, and organic matter into skin or mucosa. Alternatively, infection may occur during the animal transmission (cat–cat or cat–dog) and zoonotic transmission (cat–human), which has been mostly associated with scratches or bites from infected cats [2]. In Brazil, S. brasiliensis is repeatedly associated with feline infection and has consistently shown higher virulence during epizootics, as well as in murine models of Sporotrichosis. A hallmark of S. brasiliensis infection is its tendency to escalate to outbreaks or epidemics among cats with high potential for zoonotic transmission. Sporotrichosis is an emergent disease and, over the past two decades, the incidence of zoonotic Sporotrichosis has been on the rise, particularly in Brazil. Judging from the epizootic and zoonotic epidemics taking place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, tackling Sporotrichosis requires the engagement of animal and human health policies to reduce the transmission chain of Sporothrix.
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Sporothrix brasiliensis outbreaks and the rapid emergence of feline Sporotrichosis.
Mycoses, 2015Co-Authors: Karine Ortiz Sanchotene, Zoilo Pires De Camargo, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Isabel Martins Madrid, Gabriel Baracy Klafke, Mariana Bergamashi, Paula Portella Della Terra, Melissa Orzechowski XavierAbstract:Sporotrichosis is the main subcutaneous mycosis in Brazil, and is caused by Sporothrix schenckii and allied species. Sporothrix propagules present on soil and plant debris may be traumatically inoculated into the cutaneous/ subcutaneous tissues of the warm-blooded host. An alternative route involves direct animal-animal and animal-human transmissions through deep scratches and bites of diseased cats. Sporotrichosis is much more common than previously appreciated with several cases emerging over the years especially in South and Southeast Brazil. We conducted an epidemiological surveillance in endemic areas of feline Sporotrichosis in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Over the last 5-year period the number of feline Sporotrichosis in Rio Grande increased from 0.75 new cases per month in 2010 to 3.33 cases per month in 2014. The wide geographic distribution of diagnosed cases highlights the dynamics of Sporothrix transmission across urban areas with high population density. Molecular identification down to species level by PCR-RFLP of cat-transmitted Sporothrix revealed the emergence of the clonal offshoot S. brasiliensis during feline outbreaks; this scenario is similar to the epidemics taking place in the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Controlling and preventing Sporotrichosis outbreaks are essential steps to managing the disease among humans and animals.
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immunoproteomic analysis reveals a convergent humoral response signature in the sporothrix schenckii complex
Journal of Proteomics, 2015Co-Authors: Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Geisa Ferreira Fernandes, Sandro Rogério De Almeida, Paula H Kubitschekbarreira, Leila M Lopesbezerra, Zoilo Pires De CamargoAbstract:Abstract Sporotrichosis is a polymorphic disease that affects both humans and animals worldwide. The fungus gains entry into a warm-blooded host through minor trauma to the skin, typically by contaminated vegetation or by scratches and bites from a diseased cat. Cellular and humoral responses triggered upon pathogen introduction play important roles in the development and severity of the disease. We investigated molecules expressed during the host–parasite interplay that elicit the humoral response in human Sporotrichosis. For antigenic profiling, Sporothrix yeast cell extracts were separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and probed with pooled sera from individuals with fixed cutaneous and lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis. Thirty-five IgG-seroreactive spots were identified as eight specific proteins by MALDI–ToF/MS. Remarkable cross-reactivity among Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Sporothrix globosa was noted and antibodies strongly reacted with the 70-kDa protein (gp70), irrespective of clinical manifestation. Gp70 was successfully identified in multiple spots as 3-carboxymuconate cyclase. In addition, 2D-DIGE characterization suggested that the major antigen of Sporotrichosis undergoes post-translational modifications involving glycosylation and amino acid substitution, resulting in at least six isoforms and glycoforms that were present in the pathogenic species but absent in the ancestral non-virulent Sporothrix mexicana. Although a primary environmental function related to the benzoate degradation pathway of aromatic polymers has been attributed to orthologs of this molecule, our findings support the hypothesis that gp70 is important for pathogenesis and invasion in human Sporotrichosis. We propose a diverse panel of new putative candidate molecules for diagnostic tests and vaccine development. Biological significance Outbreaks due to Sporothrix spp. have emerged over time, affecting thousands of patients worldwide. A sophisticated host–pathogen interplay drives the manifestation and severity of infection, involving immune responses elicited upon traumatic exposure of the skin barrier to the pathogen followed by immune evasion. Using an immunoproteomic approach we characterized proteins of potential significance in pathogenesis and invasion that trigger the humoral response during human Sporotrichosis. We found gp70 to be a cross-immunogenic protein shared among pathogenic Sporothrix spp. but absent in the ancestral environmental S. mexicana, supporting the hypothesis that gp70 plays key roles in pathogenicity. For the first time, we demonstrate with 2D-DIGE that post-translational modifications putatively involve glycosylation and amino acid substitution, resulting in at least six isoforms and glycoforms, all of them IgG-reactive. These findings of a convergent humoral response highlight gp70 as an important target serological diagnosis and for vaccine development among phylogenetically related agents of Sporotrichosis.
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feline Sporotrichosis due to sporothrix brasiliensis an emerging animal infection in sao paulo brazil
BMC Veterinary Research, 2014Co-Authors: Hildebrando Montenegro, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Maria Adelaide Galvao Dias, Elisabete Aparecida Da Silva, Fernanda Bernardi, Zoilo Pires De CamargoAbstract:Sporotrichosis is a mycotic infectious disease that is generally acquired by traumatic inoculation of contaminated materials especially from plant debris or through bites and scratches from diseased animals, such as domestic cats. It affects the skin, lymphatic system, and other organs in the warm-blooded host. Etiological agents are embedded in the plant-associated order Ophiostomatales. With essential differences between possible outbreak sources and ecological niche, host-environment interactions are classic determinants of risk factors for disease acquisition. Sporotrichosis outbreaks with zoonotic transmission, such as those that are ongoing in southern and southeastern Brazil, have highlighted the threat of cross-species pathogen transmission. Sporothrix brasiliensis has emerged as a human threat owing to the intimate contact pattern between diseased cats and humans in endemic areas. We describe the recent emergence of feline Sporotrichosis in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Brazil, with an overwhelming occurrence of S. brasiliensis as the etiological agent. A phylogenetic and a haplotype approach were used to investigate the origin of this epidemic and the impact of feline transmission on genetic diversity. During the last 3-year period, 163 cases of feline Sporotrichosis were reported in Sao Paulo with proven S. brasiliensis culture. The haplotype diversity of feline S. brasiliensis isolates revealed the expansion of a clonal population with low genetic diversity. Haplotype analysis confirmed that isolates from Sao Paulo shared the haplotype originated in the long-lasting outbreak of cat-transmitted Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, which differed from the haplotype circulating in the Rio Grande do Sul epidemic. The fast spread of Sporotrichosis in a short period of time highlights the potential for outbreaks and suggests that the mycosis may affect an urban population with a high concentration of susceptible felines. The feline Sporotrichosis epidemic shows no signs of slowing, and this epidemiological pattern may require specific public health strategies to control future outbreaks.
