The Experts below are selected from a list of 237 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maryanne R. Hughes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of glucose on salt gland secretion in the glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 2005Co-Authors: Maryanne R. HughesAbstract:Abstract Intravenously or orally administered glucose had no effect on the concentration or volume of NaCl induced salt gland secretion in the gull, Larus glaucescens , although glucose is known to markedly increase the volume of secretion in the Domestic Duck.
Xiaorong Peng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic and molecular characterization of a novel reassortant H2N8 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from a Domestic Duck in Zhejiang Province in China
Virus genes, 2016Co-Authors: Xiuming Peng, Xiaorong Peng, Linfang ChengAbstract:The circulation of the H2 subtype influenza viruses in Domestic animals increases the risk of human exposure to these viruses. An H2N8 avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from a Domestic Duck during AIV surveillance of poultry in live poultry markets (LPMs) in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, in 2013. The phylogenetic trees suggested that this strain is a novel reassortant virus derived from multiple AIV subtypes from aquatic birds and poultry in Eastern Asia. Although this reassortant strain exhibited low pathogenicity in mice, it was able to replicate in the lungs of the mice without prior adaptation. Continued surveillance of Domestic Ducks in LPMs is required for early detection of AIV outbreaks in poultry and humans.
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Molecular characterization of a reassortant H11N9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from a Domestic Duck in Eastern China.
Archives of virology, 2015Co-Authors: Xiuming Peng, Xiaorong PengAbstract:During surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in live-poultry markets in Eastern China in 2013, an H11N9 AIV was isolated from a Domestic Duck. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this strain received its genes from H11, H3, H10, and H7 AIVs of poultry in China. This strain was found to be minimally pathogenic in mice and was able to replicate in mice without prior adaptation. Considering that the reassorted H11N9 viruses were isolated from Domestic Ducks in this study, it is possible that these Ducks play an important role in the generation of novel reassorted H11 AIVs.
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Isolation and characterization of a novel H10N2 avian influenza virus from a Domestic Duck in Eastern China.
Infection genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaorong Peng, Linfang Cheng, Changzhong Jin, Tiansheng Xie, Hangping YaoAbstract:During the surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in live poultry markets (LPMs) in Eastern China, in 2013, an H10N2 AIV was isolated from a Domestic Duck. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this strain received its genes from H10, H1 and H7 AIVs of wild birds in China. The virulence of this strain was examined in chickens and mice, and was found to be low pathogenic in chickens but demonstrated moderate pathogenicity in mice. These results suggest that active surveillance of AIVs in LPMs should be used in an early warning system for avian influenza outbreaks.
Xiuming Peng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic and molecular characterization of a novel reassortant H2N8 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from a Domestic Duck in Zhejiang Province in China
Virus genes, 2016Co-Authors: Xiuming Peng, Xiaorong Peng, Linfang ChengAbstract:The circulation of the H2 subtype influenza viruses in Domestic animals increases the risk of human exposure to these viruses. An H2N8 avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from a Domestic Duck during AIV surveillance of poultry in live poultry markets (LPMs) in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, in 2013. The phylogenetic trees suggested that this strain is a novel reassortant virus derived from multiple AIV subtypes from aquatic birds and poultry in Eastern Asia. Although this reassortant strain exhibited low pathogenicity in mice, it was able to replicate in the lungs of the mice without prior adaptation. Continued surveillance of Domestic Ducks in LPMs is required for early detection of AIV outbreaks in poultry and humans.
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Molecular characterization of a reassortant H11N9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from a Domestic Duck in Eastern China.
Archives of virology, 2015Co-Authors: Xiuming Peng, Xiaorong PengAbstract:During surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in live-poultry markets in Eastern China in 2013, an H11N9 AIV was isolated from a Domestic Duck. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this strain received its genes from H11, H3, H10, and H7 AIVs of poultry in China. This strain was found to be minimally pathogenic in mice and was able to replicate in mice without prior adaptation. Considering that the reassorted H11N9 viruses were isolated from Domestic Ducks in this study, it is possible that these Ducks play an important role in the generation of novel reassorted H11 AIVs.
Jun Heon Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenetic analysis between Domestic and wild Duck species in Korea using mtDNA D-loop sequences.
Molecular biology reports, 2014Co-Authors: Seon-deok Jin, Rashedul Hoque, Dongwon Seo, Woon-kee Paek, T. H. Kang, H. K. Kim, Jun Heon LeeAbstract:Recently, the consumption of Duck meat has increased; therefore, we need to reveal the origin and gene flow of Domestic Ducks in Korea. In order to discriminate between Duck species, d-loop variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been investigated. In this study, 45 individuals from seven species of wild and Domestic Ducks in Korea were considered for the d-loop region sequences. With the participation of all the sequences, a phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree was constructed to differentiate between the wild and Domestic Duck species. In consideration of these sequences, a total 66 haplotypes were obtained (indel included) with an average haplotype of 76.9 %, and a haplotype and nucleotide diversity of 0.91 and 0.01, respectively. Also, an estimation of the sequence divergence within and between species was measured in 0.045 and 0.013–0.095, respectively. Meanwhile, the lowest distances of 0.024, 0.013 and 0.018 were observed in three species, including the Mallard, Spot-billed and Domestic Duck, respectively, which have relatively close genetic relationships. All haplotypes were used for the median-joining network analysis to differentiate all Duck species, while three Duck species were closely related. Moreover, 26 indel polymorphisms were identified which could be used for the discrimination among the Duck species. Based on our results, Duck species were effectively discriminated in a d-loop region, which could then be used for an appropriate genetic conservation program for the wild Duck and Domestic Duck breeds in Korea.
Masaji Mase - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detecting avian influenza virus h5n1 in Domestic Duck feathers
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Yu Yamamoto, Kikuyasu Nakamura, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Ayako Miyazaki, Manabu Yamada, Masaji MaseAbstract:To the Editor: Free-range Domestic Ducks can be a key factor in regional spreading of Asian subtype H5N1 avian influenza (AI) virus (1–3). Even asymptomatic Domestic Ducks can shed the virus continuously from the oral cavity and cloaca (3–5). Therefore, early detection of infected Ducks that are shedding the virus would reduce the risk of spreading AI virus (H5N1) in a region where the virus has been endemic in Domestic Ducks. We previously reported that AI virus (H5N1) can replicate in feather epidermal cells in asymptomatic Domestic Ducks (6). Feathers are living tissues that are easily collectible from live birds with minimal damage. We now report the usefulness of feathers for virus detection in Domestic Ducks. An experimental infection study was conducted with Japanese Domestic Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos var. Domestica) and influenza A virus (H5N1) A/chicken/Miyazaki/K11/2007 as previously described (6). Three 4-week-old Domestic Ducks (a–c) were inoculated intranasally with 107 50% egg infectious doses (EID50) of 0.1 mL. All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Animal Health in Japan. Inoculated Ducks did not show any clinical signs except for persistent corneal opacity on day 3 or later. We collected 3–5 contour feathers, plucked from the body, and 2 sets of oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from each Duck at 24-hour intervals from days 2 through 10 postinoculation (pi). Samples were examined by rapid tests, virus isolation, and reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR). Feathers were also examined by immunohistochemical testing. On-site rapid tests were performed with a commercial kit, QuickVue Influenza A+B (Quidel Corp., San Diego, CA, USA), which can detect influenza virus nucleoprotein. The first set of swabs was used for rapid tests according to the manufacturer’s instructions. We also tested 1–2 sticks of the feather calamus (≈15–30 mg per stick) for rapid tests (Appendix Figure, panel A). Briefly, we put the calamuses into the test tube containing attached reagent solution (340 μL) and chopped them into small pieces with an iris scissor and then placed the test strip in the tube. We obtained the following results: feathers tested positive for influenza A virus from days 3 through 6 pi in 1 Duck (a), and on days 3 and 4 pi in 2 Ducks (b and c), whereas all oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were negative (Appendix Figure, panel B). For virus isolation, we used a second set of swabs placed in 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline containing antimicrobial drugs and the remaining 2–3 feather calamuses. Virus titers of swabs and 10% (wt/vol) feather homogenate supernatants were calculated with 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs and expressed as EID50/mL. Viruses were isolated from the oropharyngeal swabs, cloacal swabs, and feathers of all birds, and feathers tested positive for the virus for a longer period than did the swabs (Table). Although the feather samples used for virus isolation differed from those used in rapid tests, the higher virus titers of feathers in each bird corresponded to the positive period of feathers for rapid tests. Table Results of virus isolation and RT-PCR in 3 Domestic Ducks inoculated with influenza A virus (H5N1)* One-step RT-PCR was performed on the total RNA extracted from the same samples as in virus isolation to detect the H5 AI virus gene (SuperScript One-Step RT-PCR System; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The 1:10 dilution of RNA templates was used for feathers. The primers used were H5–248–270F and H5–671–647R; the expected product was 424 bp (7). The sensitivity of RT-PCR was slightly higher than that of virus isolation except for the results with cloacal swabs (Table). Immunohistochemical testing was performed to detect influenza virus nucleoprotein in the feather tissue by using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (ab22285; Abcam Ltd., Cambridge, UK). Virus antigens were detected in feather epidermal cells from days 3 through 6 pi, and in a few stromal cells in the feather pulp on days 3 and 4 pi (Appendix Figure, panel C). Our results indicate that larger amounts of viruses can be isolated for a longer time from feathers than from swabs. Therefore, feathers can be considered useful samples for surveillance or diagnostic examination of AI virus (H5N1) in Domestic Ducks. The epidermis, the outer layer of the feather, is a tissue that has poor host immune response against viral replication (8). As has been observed in virus isolation, viruses may be able to survive longer in differentiated epidermal tissue such as contour feathers. The sensitivity of the rapid test was not adequate for swabs, a finding similar to that of other studies (9,10). However, positive results for rapid tests of feather samples only may shed light on the on-site field detection of AI (H5N1) in asymptomatic Domestic Ducks. When virus shedding from Domestic Ducks is maintained at a low level of viral load during the infection, selecting the sample with higher viral load and antigens in tissues, such as feathers, can increase the detection rate obtained from on-site examination. Our results show the potential of feathers as candidates for early AI virus (H5N1) detection.