The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Uwe Truyen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An inactivated whole-Virus porcine parvoVirus vaccine protects pigs against disease but does not prevent Virus Shedding even after homologous Virus challenge.
The Journal of general virology, 2016Co-Authors: Tessa Foerster, André Felipe Streck, Stephanie Speck, Hans-joachim Selbitz, Thomas Lindner, Uwe TruyenAbstract:Inactivated whole-Virus vaccines against porcine parvoVirus (PPV) can prevent disease but not infection and Virus Shedding after heterologous Virus challenge. Here, we showed that the same is true for a homologous challenge. Pregnant sows were vaccinated with an experimental inactivated vaccine based on PPV strain 27a. They were challenged on day 40 of gestation with the virulent porcine parvoVirus PPV-27a from which the vaccine was prepared (homologous challenge). On day 90 of gestation, the fetuses from vaccinated sows were protected against disease, while the fetuses of the non-vaccinated sows (control group) exhibited signs of parvoVirus disease. All gilts, whether vaccinated or not vaccinated, showed a boost of PPV-specific antibodies indicative of Virus infection and replication. Low DNA copy numbers, but not infectious Virus, could be demonstrated in nasal or rectal swabs of immunized sows, but high copy numbers of challenge Virus DNA as well as infectious Virus could both be demonstrated in non-vaccinated sows.
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Vaccination against porcine parvoVirus protects against disease, but does not prevent infection and Virus Shedding after challenge infection with a heterologous Virus strain.
Journal of General Virology, 2009Co-Authors: A. Jóźwik, Hans-joachim Selbitz, J. Manteufel, Uwe TruyenAbstract:The demonstration of field isolates of porcine parvoVirus (PPV) that differ genetically and antigenically from vaccine strains of PPV raises the question of whether the broadly used inactivated vaccines can still protect sows against the novel Viruses. Ten specific-pathogen-free primiparous sows were assigned to three groups and were vaccinated with one of two vaccines based on the old vaccine strains, or served as non-vaccinated controls. After insemination, all sows were challenged with the prototype genotype 2 Virus, PPV-27a, on gestation day 41; fetuses were delivered on gestation day 90 and examined for Virus infection. The fetuses of the vaccinated sows were protected against disease, but both the vaccinated and the non-vaccinated sows showed a marked increase in antibody titres after challenge infection, indicating replication of the challenge Virus. All sows (vaccinated and non-vaccinated) shed the challenge Virus for at least 10 days after infection, with no difference in the pattern or duration of Virus Shedding.
Norio Sugaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison between Virus Shedding and fever duration after treating children with pandemic A H1N1/09 and children with A H3N2 with a neuraminidase inhibitor.
Antiviral therapy, 2014Co-Authors: Norio Sugaya, Chiharu Kawakami, Masahiko Yamazaki, Masataka Ichikawa, Yuko Sakai-tagawa, Masahiro Bamba, Rieko Yasuhara, Yoshio Yamaguchi, Yoshiaki Ide, Keiko MitamuraAbstract:BACKGROUND Shedding of the pandemic Virus during an influenza pandemic is thought to persist longer than Shedding of influenza Viruses during annual influenza seasons, because people have much less immunity against a pandemic influenza. A correlation is thought to exist between the length of Virus Shedding and the clinical severity of influenza illness. METHODS We compared the Virus isolation rates of children with pandemic A H1N1/09 influenza infection and children with A H3N2 influenza infection after the patients had been treated with one of three neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) such as peramivir, laninamivir and oseltamivir. The clinical effectiveness of each NAI was assessed on the basis of the duration of the febrile period after the start of treatment. RESULTS Influenza Viruses were isolated from 15 of the 34 patients in the A H3N2 group (mean age 6.2 years) and from 4 of the 25 patients in the A H1N1/09 (mean age 5.6 years) Virus group (44.1% versus 16.0%; P
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comparison between Virus Shedding and fever duration after treating children with pandemic a h1n1 09 and children with a h3n2 with a neuraminidase inhibitor
Antiviral Therapy, 2014Co-Authors: Norio Sugaya, Chiharu Kawakami, Masahiko Yamazaki, Masataka Ichikawa, Masahiro Bamba, Rieko Yasuhara, Yoshio Yamaguchi, Keiko Mitamura, Yuko Sakaitagawa, Yoshihiro KawaokaAbstract:Shedding of the pandemic Virus during an influenza pandemic is thought to persist longer than Shedding of influenza Viruses during annual influenza seasons, because people have much less immunity against a pandemic influenza. A correlation is thought to exist between the length of Virus Shedding and the clinical severity of influenza illness.We compared the Virus isolation rates of children with pandemic A H1N1/09 influenza infection and children with A H3N2 influenza infection after the patients had been treated with one of three neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) such as peramivir, laninamivir and oseltamivir. The clinical effectiveness of each NAI was assessed on the basis of the duration of the febrile period after the start of treatment.Influenza Viruses were isolated from 15 of the 34 patients in the A H3N2 group (mean age 6.2 years) and from 4 of the 25 patients in the A H1N1/09 (mean age 5.6 years) Virus group (44.1% versus 16.0%; P<0.05). However, the differences between the duration of fever in the patients in the A H3N2 group and A H1N1/09 group after treatment with the NAIs were not significant.The Virus isolation rates after treatment with each of the NAIs were significantly lower in the A H1N1/09 group, suggesting that the pandemic A H1N1/09 Virus was more sensitive to the NAIs than the seasonal A H3N2 Virus was. Clinically, there were no significant differences in the effectiveness of the NAIs between the H1N1/09 infected group and H3N2 infected group.
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Frequency of Drug-resistant Viruses and Virus Shedding in Pediatric Influenza Patients Treated With Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Daisuke Tamura, Chiharu Kawakami, Norio Sugaya, Masahiko Yamazaki, Masataka Ichikawa, Makoto Ozawa, Ritei Uehara, Hideaki Shimizu, Ryo Takano, Maki KisoAbstract:(See editorial commentary by Dolan on pages 438-439.) Background. Although influenza Virus resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir is reported less frequently than is resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in clinical settings, it is unknown whether this difference is due to the limited use of zanamivir or to an inherent property of the drug. We therefore compared the prevalence of drug-resistant Viruses and Virus Shedding in seasonal influenza Virus–infected children treated with either oseltamivir or zanamivir. Methods. Clinical specimens (throat or nasal swab) were collected from a total of 144 pediatric influenza patients during the 2005–2006, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, and 2008–2009 influenza seasons. Neuraminidase inhibitor–resistant mutants were detected among the isolated Viruses by sequencing the viral hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. Sensitivity of the Viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors was tested by neuraminidase inhibition assay. Results. In oseltamivir- or zanamivir-treated influenza patients who were statistically comparable in their age distribution, vaccination history, and type or subtype of Virus isolates, the Virus-Shedding period in zanamivir-treated patients was significantly shorter than that in oseltamivir-treated patients. Furthermore, the frequency of zanamivir-resistant Viruses was significantly lower than that of oseltamivir-resistant Viruses. Conclusion. In comparison with treatment with oseltamivir, treatment of pediatric patients with zanamivir resulted in the emergence of fewer drug-resistant influenza Viruses and a shorter Virus-Shedding period. We conclude that zanamivir shows promise as a better therapy for pediatric influenza patients.
Marika Genzow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influenza A Virus Shedding reduction observed at 12 weeks post-vaccination when newborn pigs are administered live-attenuated influenza Virus vaccine.
Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2019Co-Authors: Troy James Kaiser, Rex Alan Smiley, Brian Fergen, Marc Allan Eichmeyer, Marika GenzowAbstract:BACKGROUND Influenza A Virus in swine (IAV-S) causes an acute respiratory disease of swine which results in great economic losses. A bivalent H1N1 and H3N2, NS1-truncated live-attenuated IAV-S vaccine (LAIV, Ingelvac Provenza™ ) has recently become available. OBJECTIVE Reduction of Shedding during an outbreak in the nursery or finisher is an important parameter from an epidemiological control strategy; therefore, a laboratory efficacy study was conducted to evaluate nasal Virus Shedding when vaccinated pigs were challenged with either heterologous H1N2 or H3N2 strains 12 weeks post-vaccination. METHODS Between 1 and 5 days of age, pigs born to IAV-S seronegative dams were intranasally administered 1 mL of vaccine or saline. At 30 days post-vaccination, pigs were weaned and randomized into two different challenge groups consisting of vaccinated pigs and control pigs commingled within pens for the two challenge groups. At 85 days post-vaccination, pigs in the first group were challenged with A/Swine/North Carolina/001169/2006 H1N2 challenge strain, and the second group was challenged with A/Swine/Nebraska/97901-10/2008 H3N2. Nasal swabs were collected daily for five days and tested by Virus isolation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This study showed significant reduction in nasal Virus Shedding with regard to both frequency and duration. A 1 mL intranasal dose of Ingelvac Provenza™ given as early as 1 day of age showed protection for at least 12 weeks later as evidenced by the reduction of Shedding live, viable Virus after challenge with either a heterologous H1N2 strain or a heterologous H3N2 strain.
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Live attenuated influenza Virus vaccine reduces Virus Shedding of newborn piglets in the presence of maternal antibody.
Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2018Co-Authors: Marika Genzow, Troy James Kaiser, Christa Goodell, Wesley Scott Johnson, Marc Allan EichmeyerAbstract:Background Influenza A Virus in swine (IAV-S) causes an acute respiratory disease of swine which results in great economic losses in pig production. Major control strategies include the use of killed vaccines (KV) in breeding females to confer passive immunity to their offspring. A bivalent H1N1 and H3N2 NS1-truncated live attenuated IAV-S vaccine have recently become available, which showed promising results in young pigs. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an intranasal vaccination of newborn pigs with or without maternally derived antibodies (MDA) on Virus Shedding (via nasal swabs tested by Virus isolation). Methods The study was performed as intratracheal challenge experiments with either a heterologous H1N2 or H3N2 Viruses. Results and conclusion The results of this study showed a significant decrease in the incidence and duration of Shedding viable Virus for vaccinated newborn piglets with or without MDA, providing strong evidence that intranasal vaccination is overcoming passively acquired maternal immunity. This study indicates that intranasal vaccination with a truncated NS1 live attenuated IAV-S vaccine of newborn piglets with maternal antibodies can be a valuable tool for reducing the prevalence of heterologous H1N2 and H3N2 IAV-S in pig herds.
Marc Allan Eichmeyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influenza A Virus Shedding reduction observed at 12 weeks post-vaccination when newborn pigs are administered live-attenuated influenza Virus vaccine.
Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2019Co-Authors: Troy James Kaiser, Rex Alan Smiley, Brian Fergen, Marc Allan Eichmeyer, Marika GenzowAbstract:BACKGROUND Influenza A Virus in swine (IAV-S) causes an acute respiratory disease of swine which results in great economic losses. A bivalent H1N1 and H3N2, NS1-truncated live-attenuated IAV-S vaccine (LAIV, Ingelvac Provenza™ ) has recently become available. OBJECTIVE Reduction of Shedding during an outbreak in the nursery or finisher is an important parameter from an epidemiological control strategy; therefore, a laboratory efficacy study was conducted to evaluate nasal Virus Shedding when vaccinated pigs were challenged with either heterologous H1N2 or H3N2 strains 12 weeks post-vaccination. METHODS Between 1 and 5 days of age, pigs born to IAV-S seronegative dams were intranasally administered 1 mL of vaccine or saline. At 30 days post-vaccination, pigs were weaned and randomized into two different challenge groups consisting of vaccinated pigs and control pigs commingled within pens for the two challenge groups. At 85 days post-vaccination, pigs in the first group were challenged with A/Swine/North Carolina/001169/2006 H1N2 challenge strain, and the second group was challenged with A/Swine/Nebraska/97901-10/2008 H3N2. Nasal swabs were collected daily for five days and tested by Virus isolation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This study showed significant reduction in nasal Virus Shedding with regard to both frequency and duration. A 1 mL intranasal dose of Ingelvac Provenza™ given as early as 1 day of age showed protection for at least 12 weeks later as evidenced by the reduction of Shedding live, viable Virus after challenge with either a heterologous H1N2 strain or a heterologous H3N2 strain.
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Live attenuated influenza Virus vaccine reduces Virus Shedding of newborn piglets in the presence of maternal antibody.
Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2018Co-Authors: Marika Genzow, Troy James Kaiser, Christa Goodell, Wesley Scott Johnson, Marc Allan EichmeyerAbstract:Background Influenza A Virus in swine (IAV-S) causes an acute respiratory disease of swine which results in great economic losses in pig production. Major control strategies include the use of killed vaccines (KV) in breeding females to confer passive immunity to their offspring. A bivalent H1N1 and H3N2 NS1-truncated live attenuated IAV-S vaccine have recently become available, which showed promising results in young pigs. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an intranasal vaccination of newborn pigs with or without maternally derived antibodies (MDA) on Virus Shedding (via nasal swabs tested by Virus isolation). Methods The study was performed as intratracheal challenge experiments with either a heterologous H1N2 or H3N2 Viruses. Results and conclusion The results of this study showed a significant decrease in the incidence and duration of Shedding viable Virus for vaccinated newborn piglets with or without MDA, providing strong evidence that intranasal vaccination is overcoming passively acquired maternal immunity. This study indicates that intranasal vaccination with a truncated NS1 live attenuated IAV-S vaccine of newborn piglets with maternal antibodies can be a valuable tool for reducing the prevalence of heterologous H1N2 and H3N2 IAV-S in pig herds.
Keiko Mitamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison between Virus Shedding and fever duration after treating children with pandemic A H1N1/09 and children with A H3N2 with a neuraminidase inhibitor.
Antiviral therapy, 2014Co-Authors: Norio Sugaya, Chiharu Kawakami, Masahiko Yamazaki, Masataka Ichikawa, Yuko Sakai-tagawa, Masahiro Bamba, Rieko Yasuhara, Yoshio Yamaguchi, Yoshiaki Ide, Keiko MitamuraAbstract:BACKGROUND Shedding of the pandemic Virus during an influenza pandemic is thought to persist longer than Shedding of influenza Viruses during annual influenza seasons, because people have much less immunity against a pandemic influenza. A correlation is thought to exist between the length of Virus Shedding and the clinical severity of influenza illness. METHODS We compared the Virus isolation rates of children with pandemic A H1N1/09 influenza infection and children with A H3N2 influenza infection after the patients had been treated with one of three neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) such as peramivir, laninamivir and oseltamivir. The clinical effectiveness of each NAI was assessed on the basis of the duration of the febrile period after the start of treatment. RESULTS Influenza Viruses were isolated from 15 of the 34 patients in the A H3N2 group (mean age 6.2 years) and from 4 of the 25 patients in the A H1N1/09 (mean age 5.6 years) Virus group (44.1% versus 16.0%; P
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comparison between Virus Shedding and fever duration after treating children with pandemic a h1n1 09 and children with a h3n2 with a neuraminidase inhibitor
Antiviral Therapy, 2014Co-Authors: Norio Sugaya, Chiharu Kawakami, Masahiko Yamazaki, Masataka Ichikawa, Masahiro Bamba, Rieko Yasuhara, Yoshio Yamaguchi, Keiko Mitamura, Yuko Sakaitagawa, Yoshihiro KawaokaAbstract:Shedding of the pandemic Virus during an influenza pandemic is thought to persist longer than Shedding of influenza Viruses during annual influenza seasons, because people have much less immunity against a pandemic influenza. A correlation is thought to exist between the length of Virus Shedding and the clinical severity of influenza illness.We compared the Virus isolation rates of children with pandemic A H1N1/09 influenza infection and children with A H3N2 influenza infection after the patients had been treated with one of three neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) such as peramivir, laninamivir and oseltamivir. The clinical effectiveness of each NAI was assessed on the basis of the duration of the febrile period after the start of treatment.Influenza Viruses were isolated from 15 of the 34 patients in the A H3N2 group (mean age 6.2 years) and from 4 of the 25 patients in the A H1N1/09 (mean age 5.6 years) Virus group (44.1% versus 16.0%; P<0.05). However, the differences between the duration of fever in the patients in the A H3N2 group and A H1N1/09 group after treatment with the NAIs were not significant.The Virus isolation rates after treatment with each of the NAIs were significantly lower in the A H1N1/09 group, suggesting that the pandemic A H1N1/09 Virus was more sensitive to the NAIs than the seasonal A H3N2 Virus was. Clinically, there were no significant differences in the effectiveness of the NAIs between the H1N1/09 infected group and H3N2 infected group.
